Measuring optical backscattering in water

Knowledge of light scattering can provide important information on underwater radiative transfer and the nature and dynamics of suspended particulate matter within a water mass.

[1]  R. Maffione,et al.  Instruments and methods for measuring the backward-scattering coefficient of ocean waters. , 1997, Applied optics.

[2]  Hester Volten,et al.  Laboratory measurements of angular distributions of light scattered by phytoplankton and silt , 1998 .

[3]  D. Stramski,et al.  Variability of particulate organic carbon concentration in the north polar Atlantic based on ocean color observations with Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) , 2005 .

[4]  A. Morel.  Optical properties of pure water and pure sea water , 1974 .

[5]  I D Nikolov,et al.  Optical plastic refractive measurements in the visible and the near-infrared regions. , 2000, Applied optics.

[6]  R. Chant,et al.  The influence of schlieren on in situ optical measurements used for particle characterization , 2008 .

[7]  W Scott Pegau,et al.  Spectral backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton cultures. , 2010, Optics express.

[8]  Dariusz Stramski,et al.  The role of seawater constituents in light backscattering in the ocean , 2004 .

[9]  J. Ronald V. Zaneveld,et al.  A theoretical derivation of the dependence of the remotely sensed reflectance of the ocean on the inherent optical properties , 1995 .

[10]  Scott A. Freeman,et al.  The optical volume scattering function in a surf zone inverted to derive sediment and bubble particle subpopulations , 2012 .

[11]  K. Voss,et al.  Bidirectional reflectance function for oceanic waters with varying chlorophyll concentrations: Measurements versus predictions , 2005 .

[12]  David McKee,et al.  In situ variability of mass‐specific beam attenuation and backscattering of marine particles with respect to particle size, density, and composition , 2012 .

[13]  Georges R. Fournier,et al.  Light Scattering by Particles in Water: Theoretical and Experimental Foundations , 2007 .

[14]  E. Fry,et al.  Instrumentation to measure the backscattering coefficient b(b) for arbitrary phase functions. , 2011, Applied optics.

[15]  Steven A. Freeman,et al.  Optical backscattering properties of the "clearest" natural waters , 2007 .

[16]  Lianbo Hu,et al.  Scattering by pure seawater at high salinity. , 2009, Optics express.

[17]  Étude expérimentale de la diffusion de la lumière par l’eau, les solutions de chlorure de sodium et l’eau de mer optiquement pures , 1966 .

[18]  James M. Sullivan,et al.  Coastal thin layer dynamics: Consequences to biology and optics , 2010 .

[19]  Katja Fennel,et al.  Measurements of spectral optical properties and their relation to biogeochemical variables and processes in Crater Lake, Crater Lake National Park, OR , 2006, Hydrobiologia.

[20]  W. Balch,et al.  Chalk-Ex—Fate of CaCO3 particles in the mixed layer: Evolution of patch optical properties , 2009 .

[21]  Maria Tzortziou,et al.  Bio-optics of the Chesapeake Bay from measurements and radiative transfer closure , 2006 .

[22]  Malik Chami,et al.  Variability of the relationship between the particulate backscattering coefficient and the volume scattering function measured at fixed angles , 2006 .

[23]  Michael S Twardowski,et al.  Angular shape of the oceanic particulate volume scattering function in the backward direction. , 2009, Applied optics.

[24]  J H Churnside,et al.  Oceanographic lidar attenuation coefficients and signal fluctuations measured from a ship in the Southern California Bight. , 1998, Applied optics.

[25]  Larry D. Travis,et al.  Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles , 1998 .

[26]  Craig M. Lee,et al.  High-resolution observations of aggregate flux during a sub-polar North Atlantic spring bloom , 2011 .

[27]  Xiaodong Zhang,et al.  Scattering by pure seawater: effect of salinity. , 2009, Optics express.

[28]  K. Voss,et al.  Bidirectional reflectance of oceanic waters: A comparison of modeled and measured upward radiance fields , 1995 .

[29]  C. Mobley.  Light and Water: Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters , 1994 .

[30]  Dale A. Kiefer,et al.  Light scattering by microorganisms in the open ocean , 1991 .

[31]  H. Gordon,et al.  Sensitivity of radiative transfer to small-angle scattering in the ocean: Quantitative assessment. , 1993, Applied optics.

[32]  L Tarassenko,et al.  Temperature dependence of led and its theoretical effect on pulse oximetry. , 1991, British journal of anaesthesia.

[33]  James H. Churnside,et al.  Thin scattering layers observed by airborne lidar , 2009 .

[34]  C. Mobley,et al.  Phase function effects on oceanic light fields. , 2002, Applied optics.

[35]  A. W. Brewer,et al.  Instruments for the Measurement of the Visual Range , 1949 .

[36]  Dariusz Stramski,et al.  Why Should We Measure the Optical Backscattering Coefficient , 2004 .

[37]  Michael Twardowski,et al.  Retrieving composition and sizes of oceanic particle subpopulations from the volume scattering function. , 2011, Applied optics.

[38]  Jay Gao,et al.  Light scattering properties and their relation to the biogeochemical composition of turbid productive waters: a case study of Lake Taihu. , 2009, Applied optics.

[39]  Giuseppe Zibordi,et al.  Measurements and modeling of the volume scattering function in the coastal northern Adriatic Sea. , 2007, Applied optics.

[40]  E. Boss,et al.  Spectral variability of the particulate backscattering ratio. , 2007, Optics express.

[41]  James C. Kitchen,et al.  The variation in the inherent optical properties of phytoplankton near an absorption peak as determined by various models of cell structure , 1995 .

[42]  Yogesh C. Agrawal,et al.  The optical volume scattering function: Temporal and vertical variability in the water column off the New Jersey coast , 2005 .

[43]  M. Lewis,et al.  A New Method for the Measurement of the Optical Volume Scattering Function in the Upper Ocean , 2003 .

[44]  Michael S Twardowski,et al.  Spectra of Particulate Backscattering in Natural Waters. References and Links , 2022 .

[45]  J. Luc Forand,et al.  Analytic phase function for ocean water , 1994, Other Conferences.

[46]  Andrew H. Barnard,et al.  A model for estimating bulk refractive index from the optical backscattering ratio and the implications for understanding particle composition in case I and case II waters , 2001 .

[47]  K. Carder,et al.  Light scattering and suspended particles in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean , 1970 .

[48]  W. H. Richardson,et al.  Nephelometer for the Measurement of Volume Scattering Function in Situ , 1958 .

[49]  H. Gordon,et al.  Computed relationships between the inherent and apparent optical properties of a flat homogeneous ocean. , 1975, Applied optics.

[50]  A. J. Allnutt.  Optical Aspects of Oceanography , 1975 .

[51]  Malik Chami,et al.  Optical properties of the particles in the Crimea coastal waters (Black Sea) , 2005 .

[52]  Jun Q. Lu,et al.  Determination of complex refractive index of polystyrene microspheres from 370 to 1610 nm , 2003, Physics in medicine and biology.

[53]  Z. Kam,et al.  Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , 1998 .

[54]  Gunnar Kullenberg,et al.  Scattering of light by Sargasso Sea water , 1968 .

[55]  Sean G. Herring,et al.  Shape of the particulate beam attenuation spectrum and its inversion to obtain the shape of the particulate size distribution. , 2001, Applied optics.

[56]  E. Boss,et al.  Relationship of light scattering at an angle in the backward direction to the backscattering coefficient. , 2001, Applied optics.

[57]  David Doxaran,et al.  Role of measurement uncertainties in observed variability in the spectral backscattering ratio: a case study in mineral-rich coastal waters. , 2009, Applied optics.

[58]  P. Falkowski,et al.  Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite‐based chlorophyll concentration , 1997 .

[59]  Michael S. Twardowski,et al.  Particulate backscattering ratio at LEO 15 and its use to study particle composition and distribution , 2004 .

[60]  Michael S Twardowski,et al.  Use of optical scattering to discriminate particle types in coastal waters. , 2005, Applied optics.

[61]  T Platt,et al.  Effect of the particle-size distribution on the backscattering ratio in seawater. , 1994, Applied optics.

[62]  H. Claustre,et al.  Relationships between the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon and optical properties in the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans , 2007 .

[63]  William M. Balch,et al.  Light backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton: relationships to cell size, chemical composition and taxonomy , 2004 .

[64]  H Zhang,et al.  Instrument to measure the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of surfaces. , 2000, Applied optics.

[65]  Howard R. Gordon,et al.  Dependence of the diffuse reflectance of natural waters on the sun angle , 1989 .

[66]  Mitchell,et al.  Estimation of particulate organic carbon in the ocean from satellite remote sensing , 1999, Science.

[67]  Jean-François Berthon,et al.  Investigation of the optical backscattering to scattering ratio of marine particles in relation to their biogeochemical composition in the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea , 2007 .

[68]  J R Zaneveld,et al.  Comparison of near-forward light scattering on oceanic turbulence and particles. , 1998, Applied optics.

[69]  A. Hunt,et al.  Polarized‐light scattering studies of marine Chlorella , 1989 .

[70]  Michael J. Behrenfeld,et al.  Significant contribution of large particles to optical backscattering in the open ocean , 2009 .

[71]  T. J. Petzold.  Volume Scattering Functions for Selected Ocean Waters , 1972 .

[72]  Robert A. Maffione,et al.  Determining the Backward Scattering Coefficient with Fixed-Angle Backscattering Sensors—Revisited , 2002 .

[73]  B Gentili,et al.  Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters. II Bidirectional aspects. , 1993, Applied optics.

[74]  A. Barnard,et al.  In-Water Instrumentation and Platforms forOcean Color Remote Sensing Applications , 2007 .

[75]  Tomohiko Oishi,et al.  Significant relationship between the backward scattering coefficient of sea water and the scatterance at 120 degrees. , 1990, Applied optics.