Quartz crystal resonators as sensors in liquids using the acoustoelectric effect

Piezoelectric quartz crystal resonators (QCRs) have been investigated as detectors in liquid environments. In all the applications, mass loading and viscous coupling are the main interaction mechanisms which result in changes in the QCR resonant frequency. However, other interaction mechanisms such as the acoustoelectric interaction due to fringing fields at electrode ends arise which contribute to the total change in frequency, in particular, the parallel resonant frequency. In the present work, it is shown that by modifying the geometry of the electrode at the QCR surface in contact with the solution, a transition region can be created in which the lateral decaying acoustic field is enhanced

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