Landfalling Tropical Cyclones: Forecast Problems and Associated Research Opportunities.

Abstract The Fifth Prospectus Development Team of the U.S. Weather Research Program was charged to identify and delineate emerging research opportunities relevant to the prediction of local weather, flooding, and coastal ocean currentsassociated with landfalling U.S. hurricanes specifically, and tropical cyclones in general. Central to this theme are basicand applied research topics, including rapid intensity change, initialization of and parameterization in dynamical models, coupling of atmospheric and oceanic models, quantitative use of satellite information, and mobile observing strategies to acquire observations to evaluate and validate predictive models. To improve the necessary understanding ofphysical processes and provide the initial conditions for realistic predictions, a focused, comprehensive mobile observing system in a translating storm-coordinate system is required. Given the development of proven instrumentation andimprovement of existing systems, three-dimensional atmospheric and oceanic d...

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