Upper- and lower-bound solutions to axisymmetric compression and extrusion problems

Abstract The method of approach for finding an admissible velocity field and an admissible stress field for axisymmetric forming problems is described, and the bounds for the loads in forming are obtained for compression of a cylinder between two parallel plates with maximum friction, for frictionless extrusion of a bar through square-cornered dies and for frictionless extrusion of a bar through tapered dies.