Great improvement of catalytic activity of oxide counter electrodes fabricated in N2 atmosphere for dye-sensitized solar cells.

The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using SnO(2) and Nb(2)O(5) counter electrodes (CEs) prepared in N(2) atmosphere yielded power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 6.09% and 4.65%, much higher than the PCE values (1.84%, 0.97%) of the DSCs using the same SnO(2) and Nb(2)O(5) CEs prepared in air.

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