The Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach: A Model for Linguistically Diverse Classrooms

This article describes the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA), an instructional model designed to increase the achievement of English-language-learning (ELL) students. The CALLA model, which is based on cognitive learning theory, integrates content-area instruction with language development activities and explicit instruction in learning strategies. After reviewing the academic needs of ELL students, we discuss the research base underlying CALLA and how cognitive learning theory applies to second language acquisition. The components of CALLA are described, and teaching guidelines are suggested. Examples are provided of ways in which CALLA teachers actively foster school achievement of their ELL students through activities that include reflection, conceptual understanding, language development, and learning how to learn more effectively. CALLA incorporates what current research and practice identify as effective instruction for all students and is an approach that can be adopted by teachers with mixed classes of native and non-native English speakers.

[1]  Joan Rubin,et al.  Study of Cognitive Processes in Second Language Learning1 , 1981 .

[2]  Marguerite Ann Snow,et al.  Learning Through Two Languages: Studies of Immersion and Bilingual Education , 1989 .

[3]  W. Grabe.  CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SECOND LANGUAGE READING RESEARCH , 1991 .

[4]  A. Bandura.  Social Foundations of Thought and Action , 1986 .

[5]  A. Bandura.  Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory , 1985 .

[6]  J. Rubin.  WHAT THE GOOD LANGUAGE LEARNER CAN TEACH US , 1975 .

[7]  J. Cummins.  Bilingualism and special education , 1981 .

[8]  C. Hirsch.  Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics , 1988 .

[9]  Josiane F. Hamers,et al.  Bilingualism and Special Education: Issues in Assessment and Pedagogy , 1985 .

[10]  P. Jamieson.  The Acquisition of English as a Second Language by Young Tokelau Children Living in New Zealand , 1976 .

[11]  Ann L. Brown,et al.  Inducing Strategic Learning from Texts by Means of Informed, Self-Control Training. Technical Report No. 262. , 1982 .

[12]  Roberta J. Vann,et al.  Strategies of Unsuccessful Language Learners. , 1990 .

[13]  E. Gagné.  The cognitive psychology of school learning , 1985 .

[14]  J. M. O'malley,et al.  Listening Comprehension Strategies in Second Language Acquisition , 1989 .

[15]  J. Townsend.  Teaching/learning strategies. , 1990, Nursing times.

[16]  Anna Uhl Chamot,et al.  Learning Strategies in Foreign Language Instruction , 1989 .

[17]  Jim Cummins,et al.  Empowering minority students: A framework for intervention. , 1986 .

[18]  Michael Pressley,et al.  Cognitive Strategy Instruction that Really Improves Children's Academic Performance. Cognitive Strategy Training Series. Second Edition. , 1990 .

[19]  B. Mohan.  Language and Content , 1985 .

[20]  Rocco P. Russo,et al.  LEARNING STRATEGIES USED BY BEGINNING AND INTERMEDIATE ESL STUDENTS , 1985 .

[21]  J. M. O'malley,et al.  The Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach: A Bridge to the Mainstream , 1987 .

[22]  A. U. Chamot.  A Study of Learning Strategies in Foreign Language Instruction: Findings of the Longitudinal Study. , 1988 .

[23]  Ann L. Brown,et al.  Reciprocal Teaching of Comprehension-Fostering and Comprehension-Monitoring Activities , 1984 .

[24]  J. Michael O'Malley,et al.  Learning strategies in second language acquisition , 1990 .

[25]  Anna Uhl Chamot.  Learning Strategies in Japanese Foreign Language Instruction. Final Report. , 1993 .

[26]  Virginia P. Collier.  How Long? A Synthesis of Research on Academic Achievement in a Second Language , 1989 .

[27]  M. Swain,et al.  THEORETICAL BASES OF COMMUNICATIVE APPROACHES TO SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING AND TESTING , 1980 .

[28]  J. Michael O'Malley,et al.  Some Applications of Cognitive Theory to Second Language Acquisition , 1987, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[29]  Rocco P. Russo,et al.  Learning Strategy Applications with Students of English as a Second Language , 1985 .

[30]  B. Mohan.  Relating Language Teaching and Content Teaching. , 1979 .

[31]  A. U. Chamot,et al.  The Good Language Learner , 1996 .

[32]  M. Clarke.  READING IN SPANISH AND ENGLISH: EVIDENCE FROM ADULT ESL STUDENTS , 1979 .

[33]  Anna Uhl Chamot,et al.  Student Responses to Learning Strategy Instruction in the Foreign Language Classroom , 1993 .

[34]  J. Michael O'Malley,et al.  A Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach: An ESL Content-Based Curriculum. , 1986 .

[35]  J. Michael O'Malley,et al.  Learning and Problem Solving Strategies of ESL Students , 1992 .

[36]  Jim Cummins,et al.  Age on Arrival and Immigrant Second Language Learning in Canada: A Reassessment1 , 1981 .

[37]  Gerald G. Duffy.  Teachers' Progress toward Becoming Expert Strategy Teachers , 1993, The Elementary School Journal.

[38]  W. C. Kvaraceus,et al.  Principles and Practices , 2006 .

[39]  Virginia P. Collier.  Age and Rate of Acquisition of Second Language for Academic Purposes. , 1987 .

[40]  B. Zimmerman.  Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview , 1990 .

[41]  Anna Uhl Chamot,et al.  Methods for Teaching Learning Strategies in the Foreign Language Classroom and Assessment of Language Skills for Instruction. Final Report. , 1993 .

[42]  金內雅人.  일본 화학 산업의 Restructuring , 1994 .