Unidentified Growth Factors in Fish Meal: Effects of Low Levels of Fish Meal in Diets for Breeder Broiler Hens

Abstract White Plymouth Rock chicks were fed diets with 0, 2 or 4% of Norwegian fish meal from one-day old for 68 weeks. All diets were calculated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous and to contain the same amounts of lysine and sulfur-containing amino acids; vitamins and minerals were added to meet the requirements of all known nutrients. The inclusion of fish meal in the diets had no effect on live weight gain, age at sexual maturity or on rate of mortality, but caused a significant increase in hen-day egg production, number of settable eggs and in the efficiency of feed conversion, and a significant decrease in average egg weight. The inclusion of fish meal also caused a significant increase in the percentage of fertile eggs and in hatchability of fertile eggs but had no effect on the live weight of viable chicks. When the different observed criteria were taken into account, it was calculated that maximum sustainable yield of viable chicks per housed hen over the 44 weeks production period would be 104, 96 and 81 for 4, 2 and 0% of fish meal respectively. Similarly the total amount of feed required (including the raising of the pullets) would be 507, 579 and 671 g. per viable chick on 4, 2 and 0% of fish meal respectively.

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