Left on Base: Minor League Baseball Stadiums and Gentrification:

Researchers have analyzed stadiums as an urban redevelopment tool for two decades but little work has studied what effect sports facilities have on gentrification. This article attempts to fill that void in the literature, using a multicity panel study to understand how minor league baseball stadiums affect the immediately surrounding areas on measures of redevelopment and gentrification. Regression results show that census tracts near a new minor league baseball stadium saw significant increases in the median income and slower growth in the share of minorities, but no change in the median rent or the overall rate of residential turnover. These findings indicate that minor league baseball stadiums create elements of both economic growth and demographic change, an outcome that deserves consideration when planning similar projects in the future.

[1]  Brad R. Humphreys,et al.  The Growth Effects of Sport Franchises, Stadia and Arenas , 1997 .

[2]  Bruce K. Johnson,et al.  Willingness to pay for downtown public goods generated by large, sports-anchored development projects: The CVM approach☆ , 2012 .

[3]  L. Freeman,et al.  Gentrification and Displacement New York City in the 1990s , 2004 .

[4]  Zengwang Xu,et al.  Interpolating U.S. Decennial Census Tract Data from as Early as 1970 to 2010: A Longitudinal Tract Database , 2014, The Professional geographer : the journal of the Association of American Geographers.

[5]  David Card,et al.  Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation , 2007 .

[6]  T. Lester,et al.  The Long-Term Employment Impacts of Gentrification in the 1990s , 2013 .

[7]  Matthew E. Kahn,et al.  The Housing Market Effects of Discrete Land Use Regulations: Evidence from the California Coastal Boundary Zone , 2010 .

[8]  K. Robertson.  Downtown Redevelopment Strategies in the United States: An End-of-the-Century Assessment , 1995 .

[9]  M. Rosentraub,et al.  Cities, Sports, and Economic Change: A Retrospective Assessment , 2002 .

[10]  Timothy Chapin,et al.  Sports Facilities as Urban Redevelopment Catalysts: Baltimore's Camden Yards and Cleveland's Gateway , 2004 .

[11]  B. Humphreys,et al.  Assessing the Economic Impact of Sports Facilities on Residential Property Values , 2018 .

[12]  Elizabeth A. Mack,et al.  The impact of urban form on downtown stadium redevelopment projects: a comparative analysis of Phoenix and Denver , 2012 .

[13]  E. Mills,et al.  Metropolitan suburbanization and central city problems , 1984 .

[14]  R. Atkinson.  Measuring Gentrification and Displacement in Greater London , 2000 .

[15]  Michael B. Cantor,et al.  A ballpark and neighborhood change: Economic integration, a recession, and the altered demography of San Diego’s Ballpark District after eight years , 2012 .

[16]  Adam Eckerd.  Cleaning Up Without Clearing Out? A Spatial Assessment of Environmental Gentrification , 2011 .

[17]  R. Baade.  Professional Sports as Catalysts for Metropolitan Economic Development , 1996 .

[18]  R. Baade,et al.  The Impact of Stadium and Professional Sports on Metropolitan Area Development , 1990 .

[19]  C. Tu.  How Does a New Sports Stadium Affect Housing Values? The Case of FedEx Field , 2005, Land Economics.

[20]  Brad R. Humphreys,et al.  The effect of professional sports on earnings and employment in the services and retail sectors in US cities , 2003 .

[21]  Douglas Koritz.  Restructuring or Destructuring? , 1991 .

[22]  C. Timmins,et al.  Hazardous Waste Cleanup, Neighborhood Gentrification, and Environmental Justice: Evidence from Restricted Access Census Block Data , 2011 .

[23]  Matthew E. Kahn.  Gentrification Trends in New Transit-Oriented Communities: Evidence from 14 Cities that Expanded and Built Rail Transit Systems , 2007 .

[24]  Jacob L. Vigdor.  Does Gentrification Harm the Poor? , 2002 .