The Impact of Charging Battery Electric Vehicles on the Load Profile in the Presence of Renewable Energy

The driving and charging patterns of battery electric vehicles can have a significant impact on the load profile of the distribution grid. Renewable resources and controlled charging can mitigate this effect by reducing the energy imported from the grid. The smart real-time electric vehicle charging scheduling proposed in this paper reduced grid peak demand through dynamic programming that uses future renewable supply and electric vehicle demand predictions to optimize the balance of energy in the electric grid. The large-scale driving, charging and parking availability patterns used in the simulations were synthesized from an actual experiment made up of a commercial fleet of battery electric vehicles. Numerical simulations showed that for commercial-use vehicles, solar photovoltaic and hybrid photovoltaic +wind technologies can reduce annual grid demand by 24%. Smart scheduling of electric vehicles and the integration of renewable energy resulted in lower peaks but no significant shift in the peak hour demand was observed.

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