Diagnostic pathways in acute pulmonary embolism: recommendations of the PIOPED II investigators.

[1]  M Gent,et al.  Use of a Clinical Model for Safe Management of Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism , 1998, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[2]  J. Mayo,et al.  Radiation exposure at chest CT: a statement of the Fleischner Society. , 2003, Radiology.

[3]  J. Cook,et al.  Radiation from CT and perfusion scanning in pregnancy , 2005, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[4]  A. Alavi,et al.  Value of ventilation/perfusion scans versus perfusion scans alone in acute pulmonary embolism. , 1992, The American journal of cardiology.

[5]  Icrp Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 60 , 1991 .

[6]  H. Sostman MRA for diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. , 2001, The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology.

[7]  M. Oudkerk,et al.  Comparison of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and conventional pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a prospective study , 2002, The Lancet.

[8]  H. Wellens,et al.  Cross sectional Doppler echocardiography as the initial technique for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. , 1994, British heart journal.

[9]  G. Chertow Prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy: back to basics. , 2004, JAMA.

[10]  Icrp 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection , 1991 .

[11]  W. Teeuwisse,et al.  Radiation exposure of multi-row detector spiral computed tomography of the pulmonary arteries: comparison with digital subtraction pulmonary angiography , 2003, European Radiology.

[12]  R. Bersin,et al.  Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. , 2004, JAMA.

[13]  J. Murchison,et al.  Effect of the introduction of helical CT on radiation dose in the investigation of pulmonary embolism. , 2005, The British journal of radiology.

[14]  Strategy that includes serial noninvasive leg tests for diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism based on data from PIOPED. Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis. , 1995, Archives of internal medicine.

[15]  M. Hlatky,et al.  Contrast nephrotoxicity: a randomized controlled trial of a nonionic and an ionic radiographic contrast agent. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[16]  J. Lijmer,et al.  Comparison of a Clinical Probability Estimate and Two Clinical Models in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism , 2000, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[17]  P. Cecchini,et al.  Utility of an integrated clinical, echocardiographic, and venous ultrasonographic approach for triage of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. , 1998, American Journal of Cardiology.

[18]  T. Perneger,et al.  Comparison of two clinical prediction rules and implicit assessment among patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. , 2002, The American journal of medicine.

[19]  D. Musset,et al.  Comparison of doses for pulmonary embolism detection with helical CT and pulmonary angiography , 2003, European Radiology.

[20]  William A Ghali,et al.  d-Dimer for the Exclusion of Acute Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism , 2004, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[21]  J. T. ten Cate,et al.  Diagnostic Utility of Ultrasonography of Leg Veins in Patients Suspected of Having Pulmonary Embolism , 1997, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[22]  R. Hull,et al.  Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease. , 1986, Chest.

[23]  J. Murchison,et al.  Do preliminary chest X-ray findings define the optimum role of pulmonary scintigraphy in suspected pulmonary embolism? , 2001, Clinical radiology.

[24]  P. J. Drury,et al.  Acute pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with MR angiography. , 1999, Radiology.

[25]  Pamela K Woodard,et al.  Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  M. Revel,et al.  Multidetector-row computed tomography in suspected pulmonary embolism. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[27]  W. Huda,et al.  Radiation doses from chest X rays in Manitoba (1979 and 1987) , 1989 .

[28]  Pieter W Kamphuisen,et al.  Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography. , 2006, JAMA.

[29]  S. Matthews Short communication: imaging pulmonary embolism in pregnancy: what is the most appropriate imaging protocol? , 2006, The British journal of radiology.

[30]  Giancarlo Agnelli,et al.  Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. , 2004, Chest.

[31]  Ferdinand K. Hui,et al.  Female breast radiation exposure during CT pulmonary angiography. , 2005, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[32]  H. Hatabu,et al.  Pulmonary embolism in pregnant patients: a survey of practices and policies for CT pulmonary angiography. , 2003, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[33]  E. Paulson,et al.  Radiation dose to the fetus from body MDCT during early gestation. , 2006, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[34]  R. Jackson,et al.  Use of two-dimensional echocardiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolus. , 1998, The Journal of emergency medicine.

[35]  S. Eichinger D-Dimer Testing in Pregnancy , 2003, Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis.

[36]  P. Waybill,et al.  Contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity: identification of patients at risk and algorithms for prevention. , 2001, Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR.

[37]  J. Valentin,et al.  Abstract: Avoidance of radiation injuries from medical interventional procedures, ICRP Publication 85 , 2000 .

[38]  J. Remy,et al.  Multi-detector row CT angiography of pulmonary circulation with gadolinium-based contrast agents: prospective evaluation in 60 patients. , 2006, Radiology.

[39]  G. Kovacs,et al.  Excluding Pulmonary Embolism at the Bedside without Diagnostic Imaging: Management of Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism Presenting to the Emergency Department by Using a Simple Clinical Model and d-dimer , 2001, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[40]  T. Perneger,et al.  Assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism in the emergency ward: a simple score. , 2001, Archives of internal medicine.

[41]  Arnaud Perrier,et al.  Prediction of Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department: The Revised Geneva Score , 2006, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[42]  P. Woodard,et al.  Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for detection of acute pulmonary embolism: an in-depth review. , 2003, Chest.

[43]  G. Jondeau,et al.  Use of transthoracic echocardiography combined with venous ultrasonography in patients with pulmonary embolism. , 2004, International journal of cardiology.

[44]  J. Lemke,et al.  Nephrotoxicity from contrast material in renal insufficiency: ionic versus nonionic agents. , 1991, Radiology.

[45]  A. Alavi,et al.  Usefulness of noninvasive diagnostic tools for diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism in patients with a normal chest radiograph. , 1991, American Journal of Cardiology.

[46]  B. Barrett,et al.  Metaanalysis of the relative nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolality iodinated contrast media. , 1993, Radiology.

[47]  M Gent,et al.  Derivation of a Simple Clinical Model to Categorize Patients Probability of Pulmonary Embolism: Increasing the Models Utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer , 2000, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[48]  T L Chenevert,et al.  Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with magnetic resonance angiography. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[49]  Guidelines for performing angiography in patients taking metformin , 1998 .