Spectral spurs due to quantization in Nyquist ADCs

This paper presents intuitive yet quantitative insights into the harmonics of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output spectra. It derives the spectral signatures associated with imperfections in practical ADCs. This understanding leads to remedies based on architecture and time-averaging, which are combined to propose a calibration-free pipeline CMOS ADC that simulations show is capable of better than 100-dB spurious-free dynamic range in the presence of real-life imperfections.

[1]  David L. Neuhoff,et al.  Quantization , 2022, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[2]  Rudy J. van de Plassche,et al.  A Monolithic 14-bit A/D Converter , 1982, ESSCIRC '82: Eighth European Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[3]  L. R. Carley,et al.  A noise-shaping coder topology for 15+ bit converters , 1989 .

[4]  J. L. Dunkley,et al.  Systematic capacitance matching errors and corrective layout procedures , 1994 .

[5]  J. A. Wepman,et al.  Analog-to-digital converters and their applications in radio receivers , 1995, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[6]  David B. Chester,et al.  Analog to digital converter requirements and implementations for narrowband channelization applications , 1992, [Proceedings] ICASSP-92: 1992 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[7]  R. Baird,et al.  Linearity enhancement of multibit /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ A/D and D/A converters using data weighted averaging , 1995 .

[8]  R. T. Baird,et al.  Linearity enhancement of multibit delta-sigma A/D and D/A converters using data weighted averaging , 1995 .

[9]  H. P. Tuinhout,et al.  The floating gate measurement technique for characterization of capacitor matching , 1996 .

[10]  S. H. Lewis,et al.  A pipelined 5-Msample/s 9-bit analog-to-digital converter , 1987 .

[11]  W. T. Colleran,et al.  A 10-bit, 100 MS/s A/D converter using folding, inter-polating, and analog encoding , 1993 .

[12]  B. Widrow,et al.  Statistical theory of quantization , 1996 .

[13]  Allen Gersho,et al.  Principles of quantization , 1978 .

[14]  Paul R. Gray,et al.  A power optimized 13-b 5 Msamples/s pipelined analog-to-digital converter in 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS , 1996 .

[15]  K. Nguyen,et al.  A 113 dB SNR oversampling DAC with segmented noise-shaped scrambling , 1998, 1998 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers, ISSCC. First Edition (Cat. No.98CH36156).

[16]  Frank Murden,et al.  12b 50MSample/s two-stage A/D converter , 1995, Proceedings ISSCC '95 - International Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[17]  John Vanderkooy,et al.  Quantization and Dither: A Theoretical Survey , 1992 .

[18]  Stephen H. Lewis,et al.  A 10-b 20-Msample/s analog-to-digital converter , 1992 .

[19]  D.A. Hodges,et al.  A self-calibrating 15 bit CMOS A/D converter , 1984, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[20]  B. Leung,et al.  Multibit Sigma - Delta A/D converter incorporating a novel class of dynamic element matching techniques , 1992 .

[21]  L. Singer,et al.  A 14-bit 10-MHz calibration-free CMOS pipelined A/D converter , 1996, 1996 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Technical Papers.

[22]  D. Birdsall,et al.  A 12-bit, 65 MSPS BiCMOS ADC for cellular base-station applications , 1998, Proceedings of the 1998 Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36198).

[23]  A. G. Clavier,et al.  Distortion in a Pulse Count Modulation System , 1947, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

[24]  A. Abidi,et al.  A 3 . 3V 12b 50-MS / s A / D Converter in 0 . 6-m CMOS with over 80-dB SFDR , 2000 .

[25]  Bang-Sup Song,et al.  Digital-domain calibration of multistep analog-to-digital converters , 1992 .

[26]  M. Timko,et al.  A 12 b 65 MSample/s CMOS ADC with 82 dB SFDR at 120 MHz , 2000, 2000 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.00CH37056).

[27]  Nelson M. Blachman,et al.  The intermodulation and distortion due to quantization of sinusoids , 1985, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[28]  W. R. Bennett,et al.  Spectra of quantized signals , 1948, Bell Syst. Tech. J..

[29]  Michiel Steyaert,et al.  Analog circuit design : scalable analog circuit design, high speed D/A converters, RF power amplifiers , 2002 .

[30]  V. Fong,et al.  A 64-MHz clock-rate /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ ADC with 88-dB SNDR and -105-dB IM3 distortion at a 1.5-MHz signal frequency , 2002 .

[31]  F. Murden,et al.  A new paradigm for base station receivers: high IF sampling + digital filtering , 1997, 1997 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium. Digest of Technical Papers.

[32]  Rudy J. Van De Plassche,et al.  Introduction to High-speed Digital-to-Analog Converter Design , 2003 .

[33]  Kwang Young Kim,et al.  A 10-b, 100-MS/s CMOS A/D converter , 1997 .

[34]  Nelson M. Blachman,et al.  The signal imes signal, noise imes noise, and signal imes noise output of a nonlinearity , 1968, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[35]  A.A. Abidi,et al.  A 3.3-V 12-b 50-MS/s A/D converter in 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS with over 80-dB SFDR , 2000, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[36]  R. Roovers,et al.  A 12 b 50 M sample/s cascaded folding and interpolating ADC , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Solids-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers.

[37]  Raf Roovers,et al.  12-B, 60-MSample/S cascaded folding and interpolating ADC , 1999 .

[38]  H. S. Fetterman,et al.  CMOS pipelined ADC employing dither to improve linearity , 1999, Proceedings of the IEEE 1999 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (Cat. No.99CH36327).

[39]  I. Opris,et al.  A single-ended 12 b 20 M sample/s self-calibrating pipeline A/D converter , 1998, 1998 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers, ISSCC. First Edition (Cat. No.98CH36156).

[40]  S. H. Lewis,et al.  An 8-bit 80-Msample/s pipelined analog-to-digital converter with background calibration , 2001 .

[41]  R.J. Van de Plassche,et al.  A monolithic 14-bit D/A converter , 1979, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[42]  Ian Galton.  Digital cancellation of D/A converter noise in pipelined A/D converters , 2000 .