On the diversity gain using a Butler matrix in fading MIMO environments

This paper aims to present the benefits of using a Butler matrix network in different scenarios of a fading MIMO environment and describes the design conditions for the antenna structure required to preserve the MIMO system performance and take full advantage of the antenna diversity. Simulations on the selection diversity gain have been carried out using a two-ring MIMO model for indoor and outdoor cells. A Butler matrix is connected to an array of four antennas and it is shown to be a simple but powerful solution in medium and low multipath environments.