Pakistan tourism industry and challenges: a review

ABSTRACT Travel and tourism has great association with other industries in the national economy making major indirect earns and also enhances foreign investment, opportunities of trade, investments in private, local development, and public infrastructure. Pakistan has rich potential of tourism due to its rich culture, geographical and biological diversity, and history. Tourism has developed as an instrument for creating considerable economic gains. The country has various tourist destinations at Swat, Malam Jabba, Behrain, Kalam, Shangla, Balakot, Kaghan, Naran, Ayoubia, Murree, Chitral, Gilgit Baltistan, Hunza, and Neelam valleys, other mountainous ranges, and historical and archaeological sites. Pakistan has great potential and offers diverse opportunities for tourists, such as trout fishing in the glacial water of Gilgit Baltistan and Swat rivers, Shandur Polo traditional tournament, paragliding, rock climbing, and trekking in northern areas, Jeep and camel safari in the Cholistan desert, Wild Boar hunting, and crabbing in the Arabian Sea.

[1]  S. Raza,et al.  Terrorism and tourism: A conjunction and ramification in Pakistan , 2013 .

[2]  M. Sinclair,et al.  Tourism and economic development: A survey , 1998 .

[3]  N. Kulendran,et al.  Is there a relationship between international trade and international travel? , 2000 .

[4]  Rana Ejaz Ali Khan,et al.  Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: A Case Study of Pakistan , 2013 .

[5]  P. Chow Causality between export growth and industrial development: Empirial evidence from the NICs , 1987 .

[6]  Farhat Rasul,et al.  Religion Tourism and Entrepreneurial Development (A Case Study Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh Shrine) , 2016 .

[7]  Kenneth Wilson,et al.  Causality between trade and tourism: empirical evidence from China , 2001 .

[8]  R. Ayres Tourism as a passport to development in small states: reflections on Cyprus , 2000 .

[9]  Waliullah,et al.  Role of Tourism in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Economy , 2007 .

[10]  A. Pizam,et al.  Severity versus Frequency of Acts of Terrorism: Which Has a Larger Impact on Tourism Demand? , 2002 .

[11]  Dimitrios Buhalis Marketing the competitive destination of the future. , 2000 .

[12]  Rana Ejaz Ali Khan,et al.  Political Economy of Tourism in Pakistan: The Role of Terrorism and Infrastructure Development , 2016 .

[13]  M. Bahmani-Oskooee,et al.  Export Growth and Economic Growth: An Application of Cointegration and Error-Correction Modeling , 1993 .

[14]  Anwarul Haque Fakhar Factors affecting tourism, tourism potential and strategies for development as an Industry in Pakistan , 2010 .

[15]  I. Yeoman Tomorrow's Tourist: Scenarios & Trends , 2008 .

[16]  Azilah Kasim Balancing Tourism and Religious Experience: Understanding Devotees' Perspectives on Thaipusam in Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia , 2011 .

[17]  Muhammad Arshad MAKING LAHORE A BETTER HERITAGE TOURIST DESTINATION , 2015 .

[18]  T. Rátz The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015 by the World Economic Forum , 2017 .

[19]  Chi-Ok Oh,et al.  The contribution of tourism development to economic growth in the Korean economy , 2005 .

[20]  Noel Healy World Tourism Organization , 2011, Permanent Missions to the United Nations No.301.

[21]  Qadar Bakhsh Baloch Managing Tourism in Pakistan (A Case Study of Chitral Valley) , 2005 .

[22]  K. Wardrop Sports events and tourism: the Singapore Formula One Grand Prix , 2010 .

[23]  Dalia. Marin IS THE EXPORT-LED GROWTH HYPOTHESIS VALID FOR INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES? , 1992 .

[24]  J. Ritchie,et al.  Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies , 1990 .

[25]  The Impacts of Terrorism , 2004 .

[26]  Vladimir Beletskiy,et al.  Positive and Negative Impacts of Tourism , 2014 .

[27]  A. Theocharous,et al.  Does cultural background of tourists influence the destination choice? an empirical study with special reference to political instability. , 2001 .