A Charge Pump that Generates Negative High Voltage with Variable Voltage Gain

A cross-coupled structure based charge pump that generates negative high voltages was developed. The problem of shoot-through current is solved by a four clock phase scheme. By switching the power supply to each stage based on the supply voltage, a variable voltage gain is obtained. A complete analysis of the interaction between the power e ciency, area, and frequency were presented. The proposed negative charge pump is designed to deliver 40 uA with a wide supply range from 2.5V to 5.5V using 0.18um high voltage LDMOS technology.

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