Dynamic Fleet-Based Life-Cycle Assessment: Addressing Environmental Consequences of the Introduction of Electric Vehicles in Portugal

Tese de doutoramento em Sistemas Sustentaveis de Energia, apresentada ao Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra

[1]  Alexandre Lucas,et al.  Life cycle analysis of energy supply infrastructure for conventional and electric vehicles , 2012 .

[2]  Joeri Van Mierlo,et al.  A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels , 2014 .

[3]  Christopher Yang,et al.  Determining marginal electricity for near-term plug-in and fuel cell vehicle demands in California: Impacts on vehicle greenhouse gas emissions , 2009 .

[4]  David B. Richardson,et al.  Electric vehicles and the electric grid: A review of modeling approaches, Impacts, and renewable energy integration , 2013 .

[5]  Michael Q. Wang,et al.  Material and energy flows in the materials production, assembly, and end-of-life stages of the automotive lithium-ion battery life cycle , 2014 .

[6]  Alex K. Jones,et al.  Dynamic life cycle assessment: framework and application to an institutional building , 2012, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[7]  Roberto Turconi,et al.  Life cycle assessment of the Danish electricity distribution network , 2013, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[8]  S. Suh,et al.  On the uncanny capabilities of consequential LCA , 2014, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[9]  R. Frischknecht,et al.  Implementation of Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methods. ecoinvent report No. 3, v2.2 , 2010 .

[10]  Toshihiko Nakata,et al.  Energy use and CO2 emissions reduction potential in passenger car fleet using zero emission vehicles and lightweight materials , 2012 .

[11]  Luis C. Dias,et al.  COMMUNICATING LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT RESULTS: A COMPARISON OF VEHICLE ALTERNATIVES IN PORTUGAL , 2013 .

[12]  Erik Dotzauer,et al.  Greenhouse gas emissions from power generation and consumption in a nordic perspective , 2010 .

[13]  Anand R. Gopal,et al.  Life-Cycle Assessment of Electric Power Systems , 2013 .

[14]  Luis C. Dias,et al.  Modelling consumer preferences for electric vehicles in Portugal: an exploratory study , 2015 .

[15]  Fausto Freire,et al.  Addressing land use change and uncertainty in the life-cycle assessment of wheat-based bioethanol. , 2012 .

[16]  Rolf Frischknecht,et al.  Life cycle assessment of electric mobility: answers and challenges—Zurich, April 6, 2011 , 2011 .

[17]  Varun,et al.  LCA of renewable energy for electricity generation systems—A review , 2009 .

[18]  Teresa P. Batista,et al.  Vehicle environmental rating methodologies: Overview and application to light-duty vehicles , 2015 .

[19]  Alexandre Szklo,et al.  Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as a way to maximize the integration of variable renewable energy in power systems: The case of wind generation in northeastern Brazil , 2012 .

[20]  Adam R. Brandt,et al.  The climate impacts of bioenergy systems depend on market and regulatory policy contexts. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[21]  Tomas Ekvall,et al.  System boundaries and input data in consequential life cycle inventory analysis , 2004 .

[22]  Manfred Lenzen,et al.  Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions of nuclear energy: A review , 2008 .

[23]  A. Tillman,et al.  Normative ethics and methodology for life cycle assessment , 2005 .

[24]  Bo Pedersen Weidema,et al.  Marginal production technologies for life cycle inventories , 1999 .

[25]  Lars Ole Valøen,et al.  Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack , 2014 .

[26]  David Lecarpentier,et al.  "Final report on technical data, costs and life cycle inventories of nuclear power plants" , 2007 .

[27]  Amit Kumar,et al.  Life-cycle energy and emission analysis of power generation from forest biomass , 2014 .

[28]  Fausto Freire,et al.  A review of fleet-based life-cycle approaches focusing on energy and environmental impacts of vehicles , 2017 .

[29]  Maria Ljunggren Söderman,et al.  Will metal scarcity limit the use of electric vehicles , 2013 .

[30]  Charlie Spork,et al.  Increasing Precision in Greenhouse Gas Accounting Using Real‐Time Emission Factors , 2015 .

[31]  Constantine Samaras,et al.  Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from plug-in hybrid vehicles: implications for policy. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[32]  Jeremy Gregory,et al.  Dynamic fleet-based life-cycle greenhouse gas assessment of the introduction of electric vehicles in the Portuguese light-duty fleet , 2015, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[33]  Paulina Jaramillo,et al.  Life Cycle Assessment and Grid Electricity , 2010 .

[34]  Hyung Chul Kim.  Shaping sustainable vehicle fleet conversion policies based on life cycle optimization and risk analysis. , 2003 .

[35]  Craig H Stephan,et al.  Environmental and energy implications of plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[36]  D W Pennington,et al.  Life cycle assessment: Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications , 2004 .

[37]  Teresa P. Batista,et al.  How car material life-cycle emissions are considered in environmental rating methodologies? Suggestion of expedite models and discussion , 2014 .

[38]  Willett Kempton,et al.  Integration of renewable energy into the transport and electricity sectors through V2G , 2008 .

[39]  R. Heijungs,et al.  Guidelines for application of deepened and broadened LCA , 2009 .

[40]  Duncan S. Callaway,et al.  Estimating Emissions from Electricity Generation Using Electricity Dispatch Models: The Importance of System Operating Constraints , 2016 .

[41]  Marc Ross,et al.  History of Emissions Reduction: Normal Emitters in FTP-type Driving , 2001 .

[42]  Edgar G. Hertwich,et al.  Environmental evaluation of power transmission in Norway , 2013 .

[43]  Christopher Yang,et al.  A framework for allocating greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation to plug-in electric vehicle charging , 2013 .

[44]  Pedro Nunes,et al.  Day charging electric vehicles with excess solar electricity for a sustainable energy system , 2015 .

[45]  Alissa Kendall,et al.  Proper accounting for time increases crop-based biofuels’ greenhouse gas deficit versus petroleum , 2009 .

[46]  Fausto Freire,et al.  Greenhouse gas assessment of soybean production: implications of land use change and different cultivation systems , 2013 .

[47]  Walter Klöpffer,et al.  Life cycle assessment , 1997, Environmental science and pollution research international.

[48]  S. Levine,et al.  A Dynamic Model for Determining the Temporal Distribution of Environmental Burden , 2007 .

[49]  Hesham Rakha,et al.  Energy and Environmental Impacts of Roadway Grades , 2006 .

[50]  Matthew J. Kotchen,et al.  Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity of Marginal Emissions: Implications for Electric Cars and Other Electricity-Shifting Policies , 2014 .

[51]  Eric Hu,et al.  Life cycle assessment and evaluation of energy payback time on high-concentration photovoltaic power generation system , 2010 .

[52]  Reinout Heijungs,et al.  Lights and shadows in consequential LCA , 2012, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[53]  Pedro Marques,et al.  Life-cycle assessment of electricity in Portugal , 2014 .

[54]  R. Samson,et al.  Macroanalysis of the economic and environmental impacts of a 2005–2025 European Union bioenergy policy using the GTAP model and life cycle assessment , 2012 .

[55]  Zhang Xiliang,et al.  Life-Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Automotive Energy Pathways , 2013 .

[56]  Claus Krog Ekman,et al.  On the synergy between large electric vehicle fleet and high wind penetration – An analysis of the Danish case , 2011 .

[57]  M. K. Singh,et al.  Multi-path transportation futures study : vehicle characterization and scenario analyses. , 2009 .

[58]  David Pennington,et al.  Recent developments in Life Cycle Assessment. , 2009, Journal of environmental management.

[59]  Jin-Woo Jung,et al.  Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration , 2014 .

[60]  Hans-Jörg Althaus,et al.  The environmental performance of current and future passenger vehicles: Life cycle assessment based on a novel scenario analysis framework , 2015 .

[61]  Jürgen Reinhard,et al.  Consequential life cycle assessment of the environmental impacts of an increased rapemethylester (RME) production in Switzerland , 2011 .

[62]  Dominic A. Notter,et al.  Contribution of Li-ion batteries to the environmental impact of electric vehicles. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[63]  Nina Juul,et al.  Effects of electric vehicles on power systems in Northern Europe , 2012 .

[64]  Fernando Banez-Chicharro,et al.  Smart charging profiles for electric vehicles , 2014, Comput. Manag. Sci..

[65]  Reinout Heijungs,et al.  Attributional and consequential LCA of milk production , 2008 .

[66]  Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr,et al.  Life cycle assessment of medium density particleboard (MDP) produced in Brazil , 2013, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[67]  Andrew Harrison,et al.  A new comparison between the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of battery electric vehicles and internal combustion vehicles , 2012 .

[68]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Electric vehicles and large-scale integration of wind power – The case of Inner Mongolia in China , 2013 .

[69]  F. Freire,et al.  Electric vehicles in Portugal: An integrated energy, greenhouse gas and cost life-cycle analysis , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST).

[70]  P. Ciria,et al.  Centralised electricity production from winter cereals biomass grown under central-northern Spain conditions: Global warming and energy yield assessments , 2014 .

[71]  Fausto Freire,et al.  Carbon footprint of particleboard: a comparison between ISO/TS 14067, GHG Protocol, PAS 2050 and Climate Declaration , 2014 .

[72]  Fausto Freire,et al.  LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRIC AND CONVENCIONAL CARS IN PORTUGAL , 2013 .

[73]  Zoran Filipi,et al.  Environmental assessment of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using naturalistic drive cycles and vehicle travel patterns: A Michigan case study , 2013 .

[74]  Tim Cockerill,et al.  Life cycle analysis of UK coal fired power plants , 2008 .

[75]  Sampo Soimakallio,et al.  CO2 emissions attributed to annual average electricity consumption in OECD (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries , 2012 .

[76]  Anders Hammer Strømman,et al.  Environmental assessment of electrification of road transport in Norway: Scenarios and impacts , 2013 .

[77]  M Granger Morgan,et al.  Marginal emissions factors for the U.S. electricity system. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[78]  Randolph Kirchain,et al.  Life‐Cycle Assessment and Temporal Distributions of Emissions: Developing a Fleet‐Based Analysis , 2000 .

[79]  Martin Wietschel,et al.  Integration of intermittent renewable power supply using grid-connected vehicles – A 2030 case study for California and Germany , 2013 .

[80]  Marina Papatriantafilou,et al.  Electric vehicles and intermittent electricity production , 2013 .

[81]  J. M. Earles,et al.  Consequential life cycle assessment: a review , 2011 .

[82]  Henrikke Baumann,et al.  The hitch hiker's guide to LCA : an orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application , 2004 .

[83]  Anibal T. de Almeida,et al.  Impact of the electricity mix and use profile in the life-cycle assessment of electric vehicles , 2013 .

[84]  Luis C. Dias,et al.  Stochastic comparative assessment of life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from conventional and electric vehicles , 2015, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[85]  Carlos Silva,et al.  High-resolution modeling framework for planning electricity systems with high penetration of renewables , 2013 .

[86]  John J. Reap,et al.  A survey of unresolved problems in life cycle assessment , 2008 .

[87]  Patrícia Baptista,et al.  Energy reduction potential from the shift to electric vehicles: The Flores island case study , 2014 .

[88]  Fausto Freire,et al.  A FLEET-BASED LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN PORTUGAL , 2013 .

[89]  Tiago L. Farias,et al.  Potential impacts assessment of plug-in electric vehicles on the Portuguese energy market , 2011 .

[90]  Edgar G. Hertwich,et al.  Understanding the Climate Mitigation Benefits of Product Systems: Comment on “Using Attributional Life Cycle Assessment to Estimate Climate‐Change Mitigation…” , 2014 .

[91]  Joeri Van Mierlo,et al.  Environmental impacts of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles—what can we learn from life cycle assessment? , 2014, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[92]  Tim Jackson,et al.  Modelling material cascades — frameworks for the environmental assessment of recycling systems , 2000 .

[93]  E. Martínez,et al.  LCA sensitivity analysis of a multi-megawatt wind turbine , 2010 .

[94]  M Melaina,et al.  Role of fuel carbon intensity in achieving 2050 greenhouse gas reduction goals within the light-duty vehicle sector. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[95]  F. Creutzig,et al.  Using Attributional Life Cycle Assessment to Estimate Climate‐Change Mitigation Benefits Misleads Policy Makers , 2014 .

[96]  Pascal Lesage,et al.  Biogenic Carbon and Temporary Storage Addressed with Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment , 2013 .

[97]  A. Cowie,et al.  The Use of Life Cycle Assessment in the Support of Robust (Climate) Policy Making: Comment on “Using Attributional Life Cycle Assessment to Estimate Climate‐Change Mitigation …” , 2014 .

[98]  Amir Safaei,et al.  Life-cycle greenhouse gas assessment of Nigerian liquefied natural gas addressing uncertainty. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[99]  Haley Jones,et al.  A system dynamics approach in LCA to account for temporal effects—a consequential energy LCI of car body-in-whites , 2012, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[100]  Li Zhang,et al.  The effectiveness of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and renewable power in support of holistic environmental goals: Part 1 – Evaluation of aggregate energy and greenhouse gas performance , 2014 .

[101]  Roberto Dones,et al.  Life Cycle Inventories of Energy Systems: Results for Current Systems in Switzerland and other UCTE Countries , 2007 .

[102]  J. Kiviluoma,et al.  The complexity and challenges of determining GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions from grid electricity consumption and conservation in LCA (life cycle assessment) – A methodological review , 2011 .

[103]  Jarod C. Kelly,et al.  Optimal replacement of residential air conditioning equipment to minimize energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and consumer cost in the US , 2011 .

[104]  Roland Clift,et al.  Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Introducing Electric Vehicles into an Electricity System with Large Storage Capacity , 2017 .