Air Pollution and Forests: An Ecosystem Perspective

tree species and the processes by which they may be damaged by specific air pollutants (Lindhurst 1984, Tamm 1984, Ulrich and Pankrath 1983). This paper looks at the problem from the view of the ecosystem as a whole. Questions that arise from this analysis are: Is it possible to quantify ecosystem damage resulting from specific air pollutants? Can we quantitatively relate forest damage to emissions of air pollutants? Can we wait for quantification of the relationship between emissions and damage to write air quality standards? Finally, what role can ecological scientists play? What is their responsibility in establishing air quality standards?

[1]  G. Likens,et al.  Acid Precipitation: Natural Versus Anthropogenic Components , 1984, Science.

[2]  M. Goldstein.  Regulatory Mechanisms of Dopamine Biosynthesis at the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Step , 1984 .

[3]  C. Grobstein.  Should imperfect data be used to guide public policy? , 1983, Science.

[4]  J. E. Nellessen,et al.  Effects of ozone on the productivity of natural vegetation in a high meadow of the Shenandoah National Park of Virginia , 1983 .

[5]  David M. Legler,et al.  Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of Wind Vectors over the Tropical Pacific Region , 1983 .

[6]  J. Skelly,et al.  Radial growth reductions of Pinusstrobus L. correlated with foliar ozone sensitivity as an indicator of ozone-induced losses in eastern forests , 1982 .

[7]  Gail E. Bingham,et al.  Assessment of Crop Loss from Ozone , 1982 .

[8]  O. Loucks,et al.  Crop and forest losses due to current and projected emissions from coal-fired power plants in the Ohio River Basin , 1982 .

[9]  G. F. White,et al.  World Environmental Trends Between 1972 and 1982 , 1982, Environmental Conservation.

[10]  M. Ayazloo.  Studies on the tolerance to SO_2 of grass populations in polluted areas. I. Identification of tolerant populations. , 1981 .

[11]  F. Ludwig,et al.  Empirical Relationships between Observed Ozone Concentrations and Geographical Areas with Concentrations Likely to Be above 120 ppb , 1980 .

[12]  Arthur H. Johnson,et al.  Levels of Lead, Copper, and Zinc in the Forest Floor in the Northeastern United States 1 , 1980 .

[13]  W. Williams.  Air pollution diseases in the Californian forests. A base line for smog disease on pondeeosa and Jeffrey pines in the Sequoia and Los Padres National Forests, California. , 1980 .

[14]  W. Manning.  Air quality and plants. , 1979, Science.

[15]  G. Likens,et al.  The biota and the world carbon budget. , 1978, Science.

[16]  D. Karnosky.  Evidence for genetic control of response to sulfur dioxide and ozone in Populustremuloides , 1977 .

[17]  F. H. Bormann,et al.  An Inseparable Linkage: Conservation of Natural Ecosystems and the Conservation of Fossil Energy. , 1976 .

[18]  A. Hill.  ECOSYSTEM STABILITY IN RELATION TO STRESSES CAUSED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES , 1975 .

[19]  G. Likens,et al.  Linkages between Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems , 1974 .

[20]  G. Likens,et al.  The Export of Nutrients and Recovery of Stable Conditions Following Deforestation at Hubbard Brook , 1974 .

[21]  D. B. Houston,et al.  Genetic control of sulfur dioxide and ozone tolerance of Eastern White Pine. , 1973 .

[22]  J. Antonovics.  Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations V. Evolution of self-fertility , 1968, Heredity.

[23]  E. Gorham,et al.  Ecological aspects of air pollution from an iron sintering plant at Wawa, Ontario , 1963 .

[24]  R. Linthurst.  Direct and indirect effects of acidic deposition on vegetation , 1984 .

[25]  R. Burgess.  Effects of acidic deposition forest ecosystems in the northeastern United States: an evaluation of current evidence , 1984 .

[26]  B. Ulrich,et al.  Effects of the Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems. , 1983 .

[27]  J. Galloway,et al.  Trace metals in atmospheric deposition: A review and assessment , 1982 .

[28]  T. Hamilton,et al.  Forests in demand : conflicts and solutions , 1982 .

[29]  W. H. Smith.  Air pollution and forests. , 1981 .

[30]  G. Likens,et al.  Recent acidification of precipitation in North America , 1981 .

[31]  D. Hair.  An Assessment of the Forest and Range Land Situation in the United States. , 1980 .

[32]  H. J. Smith,et al.  Sulfur dioxide effects on yield and seed quality in field-grown soybeans. , 1980 .

[33]  G. Likens,et al.  Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem. , 1979 .

[34]  F. H. Bormann,et al.  Catastrophic disturbance and the steady state in northern hardwood forests , 1979 .

[35]  M. Jordán.  Effects of Zinc Smelter Emissions and Fire on a Chestnut‐Oak Woodland , 1975 .

[36]  W. S. Clough,et al.  Depression of Yield in Ryegrass Exposed to Sulphur Dioxide , 1973, Nature.

[37]  D. Barney.  The last stand , 1972 .