1D π‐d Conjugated Coordination Polymers for Multilevel Memory of Long‐Term and High‐Temperature Stability

Ternary resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices are fabricated from 1D d-π conjugated coordination polymer chains, which are synthesized via the coordination between Ni(II) salts and benzenetetramine or 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetramine in a solution process. The as-fabricated devices can retain their memory states for as long as three months at room temperature or work for at least 10 000 s at 150 °C, which is the highest working temperature reported for a ternary RRAM at the time of writing this paper. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates good thermal stability of these two materials because of their good crystallinity and strong intermolecular interaction. The long-term and high-temperature stability makes 1D conjugated coordination polymer chains a promising candidate for use as next-generation material for high-density data storage via RRAM techniques.

[1]  K. H. Schulz,et al.  Dependence of the sheet resistance of indium-tin-oxide thin films on grain size and grain orientation determined from X-ray diffraction techniques , 1999 .

[2]  J. Vittal,et al.  One-dimensional coordination polymers: complexity and diversity in structures, properties, and applications. , 2011, Chemical reviews.

[3]  James M Tour,et al.  Nanoporous silicon oxide memory. , 2014, Nano letters.

[4]  Chun-Hu Cheng,et al.  Low‐Power High‐Performance Non‐Volatile Memory on a Flexible Substrate with Excellent Endurance , 2011, Advanced materials.

[5]  Chunxiang Zhu,et al.  Non-volatile WORM memory device based on an acrylate polymer with electron donating carbazole pendant groups , 2006 .

[6]  Qiang Zhao,et al.  Single Polymer‐Based Ternary Electronic Memory Material and Device , 2012, Advanced materials.

[7]  T. Swager,et al.  Columnar liquid crystallinity and mechanochromism in cationic platinum(II) complexes. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[8]  Yongfang Li,et al.  Synthesis and electroluminescence of novel copolymers containing crown ether spacers , 2003 .

[9]  Vonika Ka-Man Au,et al.  Organic memory devices based on a bis-cyclometalated alkynylgold(III) complex. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[10]  F. Zeng,et al.  Fully room-temperature-fabricated nonvolatile resistive memory for ultrafast and high-density memory application. , 2009, Nano letters.

[11]  S. Möller,et al.  A polymer/semiconductor write-once read-many-times memory , 2003, Nature.

[12]  Ke-Qin Zhang,et al.  Organic Multilevel Memory Devices of Long‐Term Environmental Stability via Incorporation of Fluorine , 2016 .

[13]  Alberto Salleo,et al.  Large modulation of carrier transport by grain-boundary molecular packing and microstructure in organic thin films. , 2009, Nature materials.

[14]  Xiaodong Wang,et al.  Dynamic random access memory effect and memory device derived from a functional polyimide containing electron donor-acceptor pairs in the main chain. , 2011, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[15]  Won-Jae Joo,et al.  Study on threshold behavior of operation voltage in metal filament-based polymer memory. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[16]  Woo-Sik Kim,et al.  Effect of grain size of Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3 sol–gel derived thin films on the ferroelectric properties , 2001 .

[17]  Z. Yin,et al.  Chemical reaction between Ag nanoparticles and TCNQ microparticles in aqueous solution. , 2011, Small.

[18]  Umer Farooq,et al.  Exploring the Effect of LUT Size on the Area and Power Consumption of a Novel Memristor-Transistor Hybrid FPGA Architecture , 2016, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering.

[19]  Won-Jae Joo,et al.  Metal filament growth in electrically conductive polymers for nonvolatile memory application. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[20]  Wei You,et al.  Low Band Gap Polymers Based on Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene: Rational Design of Polymers Leads to High Photovoltaic Performance , 2010 .

[21]  Yan Song,et al.  Non‐Volatile Polymer Memory Device Based on a Novel Copolymer of N‐Vinylcarbazole and Eu‐Complexed Vinylbenzoate , 2005 .

[22]  Pooi See Lee,et al.  Synthesis, characterization, and non-volatile memory device application of an N-substituted heteroacene. , 2014, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[23]  A. Facchetti,et al.  Isomeric carbazolocarbazoles: synthesis, characterization and comparative study in Organic Field Effect Transistors , 2013 .

[24]  B. Pan,et al.  Electric-Field-Driven Dual Vacancies Evolution in Ultrathin Nanosheets Realizing Reversible Semiconductor to Half-Metal Transition. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[25]  K. Suslick,et al.  One-dimensional coordination polymers: applications to material science , 1993 .

[26]  Lin-Wang Wang,et al.  PbS nanoparticles capped with tetrathiafulvalenetetracarboxylate: utilizing energy level alignment for efficient carrier transport. , 2014, ACS nano.

[27]  D. Jacquemin,et al.  Extendable nickel complex tapes that reach NIR absorptions. , 2014, Chemical communications.

[28]  S. B. Krupanidhi,et al.  Current-voltage characteristics of ultrafine-grained ferroelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O_3 thin films , 1994 .

[29]  Dongyun Chen,et al.  Rational Design of Small Molecules to Implement Organic Quaternary Memory Devices , 2016 .

[30]  Cheng-Liang Liu,et al.  Synthesis, Morphology, and Properties of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐block‐Poly(vinylphenyl oxadiazole) Donor–Acceptor Rod–Coil Block Copolymers and Their Memory Device Applications , 2010 .

[31]  Albert Rose,et al.  Space-Charge-Limited Currents in Solids , 1955 .

[32]  Gang Xu,et al.  Porous Field-Effect Transistors Based on a Semiconductive Metal-Organic Framework. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[33]  Xiaobing Hu,et al.  A novel kind of coordination polymers employing 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol as a bridging ligand: synthesis, structure, optical and magnetic properties , 2012 .

[34]  F. Neese,et al.  Analysis and interpretation of metal-radical coupling in a series of square planar nickel complexes: correlated Ab initio and density functional investigation of [Ni(L(ISQ))(2)] (L(ISQ)=3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-diiminobenzosemiquinonate(1-)). , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[35]  Daoben Zhu,et al.  A two-dimensional π–d conjugated coordination polymer with extremely high electrical conductivity and ambipolar transport behaviour , 2015, Nature Communications.

[36]  D. Kwong,et al.  A dynamic random access memory based on a conjugated copolymer containing electron-donor and -acceptor moieties. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[37]  M. Lampert,et al.  Simplified Theory of Space-Charge-Limited Currents in an Insulator with Traps , 1956 .

[38]  J. Cho,et al.  Importance of Solubilizing Group and Backbone Planarity in Low Band Gap Polymers for High Performance Ambipolar field-effect Transistors , 2012 .

[39]  Najun Li,et al.  A small-molecule-based ternary data-storage device. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[40]  J. C. Scott,et al.  Nonvolatile Memory Elements Based on Organic Materials , 2007 .

[41]  P. Thordarson,et al.  Gram-scale production of graphene based on solvothermal synthesis and sonication. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[42]  Yang Yang,et al.  Charge transfer effect in the polyaniline-gold nanoparticle memory system , 2007 .

[43]  Shinuk Cho,et al.  Amine‐Based Polar Solvent Treatment for Highly Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells , 2014, Advanced materials.

[44]  Mariko Miyachi,et al.  π-Conjugated nickel bis(dithiolene) complex nanosheet. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[45]  Yang Yang,et al.  Polyaniline nanofiber/gold nanoparticle nonvolatile memory. , 2005, Nano letters.

[46]  Se-Ho Lee,et al.  Highly scalable non-volatile and ultra-low-power phase-change nanowire memory. , 2007, Nature nanotechnology.

[47]  Cheng-Liang Liu,et al.  Flexible Nonvolatile Transistor Memory Devices Based on One‐Dimensional Electrospun P3HT:Au Hybrid Nanofibers , 2013 .

[48]  H. Hwang,et al.  Three‐Dimensional Integration of Organic Resistive Memory Devices , 2010, Advanced materials.

[49]  Dennis Sheberla,et al.  Cu₃(hexaiminotriphenylene)₂: an electrically conductive 2D metal-organic framework for chemiresistive sensing. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[50]  Wei Huang,et al.  An effective Friedel-Crafts postfunctionization of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) to tune carrier transportation of supramolecular organic semiconductors based on pi-stacked polymers for nonvolatile flash memory cell. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[51]  Tae-Woo Lee,et al.  Synthesis and nonvolatile memory behavior of redox-active conjugated polymer-containing ferrocene. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[52]  H. Snaith,et al.  Efficient Single‐Layer Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes , 2010, Advanced materials.

[53]  K. Wei,et al.  A Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-Based Donor-Acceptor Polymer Exhibiting High Crystallinity for Photovoltaic Applications , 2010 .

[54]  Bumjoon J. Kim,et al.  Effect of Incorporated Nitrogens on the Planarity and Photovoltaic Performance of Donor–Acceptor Copolymers , 2012 .

[55]  Di Wu,et al.  A Solution-Processable Donor-Acceptor Compound Containing Boron(III) Centers for Small-Molecule-Based High-Performance Ternary Electronic Memory Devices. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[56]  Pooi See Lee,et al.  Inorganic–organic hybrid polymer with multiple redox for high-density data storage , 2014 .

[57]  Alán Aspuru-Guzik,et al.  High electrical conductivity in Ni₃(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)₂, a semiconducting metal-organic graphene analogue. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[58]  Klaus Meerholz,et al.  A Photochromic Diode With a Continuum of Intermediate States: Towards High Density Multilevel Storage , 2013, Advanced materials.

[59]  Xinliang Feng,et al.  Large-area, free-standing, two-dimensional supramolecular polymer single-layer sheets for highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.