White paper on the future of plasma science and technology in plastics and textiles

This white paper considers the future of plasma science and technology related to the manufacturing and modifications of plastics and textiles, summarizing existing efforts and the current state-of-art for major topics related to plasma processing techniques. It draws on the frontier of plasma technologies in order to see beyond and identify the grand challenges which we face in the following 5-10 years. To progress and move the frontier forward, the paper highlights the major enabling technologies and topics related to the design of surfaces, coatings and materials with non-equilibrium plasmas. The aim is to progress the field of plastics and textile production using advanced plasma processing as the key enabling technology which is environmentally friendly, cost-efficient, and offers high-speed processing.

[1]  Subbu S Venkatraman,et al.  Tuning model drug release and soft-tissue bioadhesion of polyester films by plasma post-treatment. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[2]  Myung-Seob Khil,et al.  Electrospun nanofibrous polyurethane membrane as wound dressing. , 2003, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[3]  Barry Berman,et al.  3D printing: the new industrial revolution , 2012, IEEE Engineering Management Review.

[4]  Francesco Fracassi,et al.  Thin film deposition at atmospheric pressure using dielectric barrier discharges: Advances on three-dimensional porous substrates and functional coatings , 2016 .

[5]  George M Whitesides,et al.  Engineering shadows to fabricate optical metasurfaces. , 2014, ACS nano.

[6]  Vimal Sharma,et al.  Quantitative Characterization of the Influence of the Nanoscale Morphology of Nanostructured Surfaces on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation , 2011, PloS one.

[7]  Galen D. Stucky,et al.  Microplasmas for direct, substrate-independent deposition of nanostructured metal oxides , 2016 .

[8]  Dirk Hegemann,et al.  Nanostructured plasma coatings to obtain multifunctional textile surfaces , 2007 .

[9]  J. M. Canal,et al.  Antibiotic-loaded polypropylene surgical meshes with suitable biological behaviour by plasma functionalization and polymerization. , 2015, Biomaterials.

[10]  Carles Corbella,et al.  Exploring the Structure of the Modified Top Layer of Polypropylene During Plasma Treatment , 2015 .

[11]  C. Canal,et al.  Studies on antibacterial dressings obtained by fluorinated post-discharge plasma. , 2009, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[12]  Liwei Lin,et al.  Piezoelectric nanofibers for energy scavenging applications , 2012 .

[13]  Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo,et al.  Loading and Release of Drugs from Oxygen‐rich Plasma Polymer Coatings , 2012 .

[14]  Alexander Fridman,et al.  Uniform and non-uniform modes of nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric air: fast imaging and spectroscopic measurements of electric fields , 2014, Journal of physics D: Applied physics.

[15]  Tom Coenye,et al.  Antimicrobial nano-silver non-woven polyethylene terephthalate fabric via an atmospheric pressure plasma deposition process , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[16]  Dirk Hegemann,et al.  Plasma treatment of polymers for surface and adhesion improvement , 2003 .

[17]  E. Gogolides,et al.  Ultra-high aspect ratio Si nanowires fabricated with plasma etching: plasma processing, mechanical stability analysis against adhesion and capillary forces and oleophobicity , 2014, Nanotechnology.

[18]  Juergen F. Kolb,et al.  Deposition of Antimicrobial Copper-Rich Coatings on Polymers by Atmospheric Pressure Jet Plasmas , 2016, Materials.

[19]  Alok R Ray,et al.  Synthesis of blood compatible polyamide block copolymers. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[20]  Petar Jovančić,et al.  Synthesis of Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogels from Free Radical Copolymerization of NIPAAm with MBA Initiated by Atmospheric Plasma Treatment , 2016 .

[21]  Lucel Sirghi,et al.  Large-scale fabrication of bi-functional nanostructured polymer surfaces for selective biomolecular adhesion. , 2008, Small.

[22]  Faiz Rahman,et al.  Nanotexturing of GaN light-emitting diode material through mask-less dry etching , 2011, Nanotechnology.

[23]  Dario Pisignano,et al.  Bright Light Emission and Waveguiding in Conjugated Polymer Nanofibers Electrospun from Organic Salt Added Solutions , 2013, Macromolecules.

[24]  Gary C. Stevens,et al.  Surface modification of polymer surfaces: atmospheric plasma versus vacuum plasma treatments , 2001 .

[25]  Françoise Massines,et al.  Atmospheric Pressure Radio‐Frequency DBD Deposition of Dense Silicon Dioxide Thin Film , 2016 .

[26]  Ryo Ono,et al.  Optical diagnostics of reactive species in atmospheric-pressure nonthermal plasma , 2016 .

[27]  Richard B. Kaner,et al.  Polyaniline Nanofiber Gas Sensors: Examination of Response Mechanisms , 2004 .

[28]  Dirk Hegemann,et al.  Energy Conversion Efficiency in Low- and Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Polymerization Processes, Part II: HMDSO , 2016, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing.

[29]  Jou-Hyeon Ahn,et al.  Electrospun polymer nanofibers: The booming cutting edge technology , 2012 .

[30]  M. E. Trenkel.  Slow- and Controlled-Release and Stabilized Fertilizers: An Option for Enhancing Nutrient Use Efficiency in Agriculture , 2010 .

[31]  B. Shokri,et al.  Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence of Conjugated Polymer Films Prepared by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Naphthalene , 2012, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing.

[32]  Franco Ferrero,et al.  Hydrophobic sol-gel finishing for textiles: Improvement by plasma pre-treatment , 2013 .

[33]  H Conrads,et al.  Plasma generation and plasma sources , 2000 .

[34]  Pietro Favia,et al.  Non-Equilibrium Plasma Processing for the Preparation of Antibacterial Surfaces , 2016, Materials.

[35]  G. Korotcenkov.  Metal oxides for solid-state gas sensors: What determines our choice? , 2007 .

[36]  U. Ungerstedt,et al.  Analyte flux through chronically implanted subcutaneous polyamide membranes differs in humans and rats. , 2002, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[37]  Yong Zhu,et al.  Degradation of polymeric materials exposed to corona discharges , 2006 .

[38]  R. New,et al.  High power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges: Instabilities and plasma self-organization , 2012 .

[39]  Juergen F. Kolb,et al.  Polyimide Film Surface Modification by Nanosecond High Voltage Pulse Driven Electrical Discharges in Water , 2015 .

[40]  Jonathan Cole,et al.  Atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge with capillary injection for gas-phase nanoparticle synthesis , 2015 .

[41]  Enric Bertran,et al.  In Situ Polymerization of Aqueous Solutions of NIPAAm Initiated by Atmospheric Plasma Treatment , 2013 .

[42]  Jie Song,et al.  A general method for transferring graphene onto soft surfaces. , 2013, Nature nanotechnology.

[43]  Y. Ying,et al.  Recent advances in nanomaterial-based biosensors for antibiotics detection. , 2017, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[44]  Carles Corbella,et al.  Upscaling plasma deposition: The influence of technological parameters , 2014 .

[45]  M. Kotaki,et al.  A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites , 2003 .

[46]  Michael Keidar,et al.  Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) surface nanomodified 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds for bone regeneration. , 2016, Acta biomaterialia.

[47]  Hayley L. Brown,et al.  The impact of substrate bias on a remote plasma sputter coating process for conformal coverage of trenches and 3D structures , 2015 .

[48]  K. Fricke,et al.  Investigation of Surface Etching of Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) by Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.

[49]  Jan Schäfer,et al.  Chemical Composition of SiOx Films Deposited by an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) , 2009 .

[50]  Silvia Panzavolta,et al.  Co-electrospun gelatin-poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds: modulation of mechanical properties and chondrocyte response as a function of composition. , 2014, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[51]  Lucian-Ionel Cioca,et al.  Functionalization of a bamboo knitted fabric using air plasma treatment for the improvement of microcapsules embedding , 2015 .

[52]  Pak Kin Wong,et al.  Comparative assembly of colloidal quantum dots on surface templates patterned by plasma lithography , 2011 .

[53]  Jörg Hausleiter,et al.  The pre-clinical assessment of rapamycin-eluting, durable polymer-free stent coating concepts. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[54]  Shelby Forrester Nelson,et al.  Stable ZnO thin film transistors by fast open air atomic layer deposition , 2008 .

[55]  A Tserepi,et al.  From superamphiphobic to amphiphilic polymeric surfaces with ordered hierarchical roughness fabricated with colloidal lithography and plasma nanotexturing. , 2011, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[56]  J E García-Sánchez,et al.  Study of the efficacy of Coated VICRYL Plus Antibacterial suture (coated Polyglactin 910 suture with Triclosan) in two animal models of general surgery. , 2007, The Journal of infection.

[57]  Zhan Lin,et al.  Atmospheric plasma treatment of pre-electrospinning polymer solution: A feasible method to improve electrospinnability , 2011 .

[58]  Y. Lebedev,et al.  Nanosize carbon products formed in microwave discharge in liquid alkanes , 2017 .

[59]  Davide Mariotti,et al.  Plasma–Liquid Interactions at Atmospheric Pressure for Nanomaterials Synthesis and Surface Engineering , 2012 .

[60]  Octavio L. Franco,et al.  Challenges and future prospects of antibiotic therapy: from peptides to phages utilization , 2014, Front. Pharmacol..

[61]  W. Barthlott,et al.  Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces , 1997, Planta.

[62]  Frederik L. Giesel,et al.  3D printing based on imaging data: review of medical applications , 2010, International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery.

[63]  Helmuth Möhwald,et al.  Distorted colloidal arrays as designed template. , 2015, Nanotechnology.

[64]  Ulrich S. Schubert,et al.  Progress of alternative sintering approaches of inkjet-printed metal inks and their application for manufacturing of flexible electronic devices , 2014 .

[65]  Carla Renata Arciola,et al.  A review of the biomaterials technologies for infection-resistant surfaces. , 2013, Biomaterials.

[66]  Jrr Verlet,et al.  Plasma–liquid interactions: a review and roadmap , 2016 .

[67]  Sudhir Bhatt,et al.  Plasma co-polymerized nano coatings – As a biodegradable solid carrier for tunable drug delivery applications , 2013 .

[68]  U. Kogelschatz.  Dielectric-Barrier Discharges: Their History, Discharge Physics, and Industrial Applications , 2003 .

[69]  Roberto Nisticò,et al.  Surface functionalisation of polypropylene hernia-repair meshes by RF-activated plasma polymerisation of acrylic acid and silver nanoparticles , 2015 .

[70]  D. Eckmann,et al.  Antibacterial Biomimetic Hybrid Films. , 2012, Soft matter.

[71]  Klaus-Dieter Weltmann,et al.  Controlling the Ambient Air Affected Reactive Species Composition in the Effluent of an Argon Plasma Jet , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.

[72]  H. Salavagione,et al.  Chemical sensors based on polymer composites with carbon nanotubes and graphene: the role of the polymer , 2014 .

[73]  Charles Q. Yang,et al.  Mechanical Strength of Durable Press Finished Cotton Fabric. Part IV: Abrasion Resistance , 2001 .

[74]  William G. Graham,et al.  Plasmas in liquids and some of their applications in nanoscience , 2011 .

[75]  Katharina Landfester,et al.  Formation of Highly Ordered Alloy Nanoparticles Based on Precursor-Filled Latex Spheres , 2012 .

[76]  Kwan-Soo Kim,et al.  Effects of combined Ar/O2 plasma and microwave irradiation on electrical performance and stability in solution-deposited amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors , 2014 .

[77]  Thierry Belmonte,et al.  Continuous Deposition of Organo-Chlorinated Thin Films by Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge in a Wire-Cylinder Configuration , 2014 .

[78]  A. Mikos,et al.  Electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers for tissue engineering applications: a review. , 2006, Tissue engineering.

[79]  Information Pack,et al.  SURFACE AND COATINGS TECHNOLOGY An international journal devoted to the science and application of advanced surface treatments for improvement of material properties , 2011 .

[80]  Gustavo A. Abraham,et al.  HMDSO-plasma coated electrospun fibers of poly(cyclodextrin)s for antifungal dressings. , 2016, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[81]  Bethany C Gross,et al.  Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. , 2014, Analytical chemistry.

[82]  Miles M. Turner,et al.  Concepts and characteristics of the ‘COST Reference Microplasma Jet’ , 2016 .

[83]  Paul K. Chu,et al.  Enhancement of surface properties of biomaterials using plasma-based technologies , 2007 .

[84]  U. Helmersson,et al.  High power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge , 2012 .

[85]  Ulf Helmersson,et al.  Influence of ionization degree on film properties when using high power impulse magnetron sputtering , 2012 .

[86]  George Kokkoris,et al.  Modeling of Charging on Unconventional Surface Morphologies of PMMA Substrates During Ar Plasma Etching , 2016 .

[87]  Harinarayanan Puliyalil,et al.  Selective Plasma Etching of Polymeric Substrates for Advanced Applications , 2016, Nanomaterials.

[88]  Romolo Laurita,et al.  Cover Picture: Plasma Process. Polym. 3∕2014 , 2014 .

[89]  Alfred P. Weber,et al.  Vaporization of bulk metals into single-digit nanoparticles by non-thermal plasma filaments in atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges , 2015 .

[90]  Jean-Pierre H. van Helden,et al.  Review on VUV to MIR absorption spectroscopy of atmospheric pressure plasma jets , 2015 .

[91]  M. Lindmayer,et al.  Study of the homogeneous glow-like discharge in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure , 2004 .

[92]  C. Canal,et al.  Influence of Corona Plasma Treatment on Polypropylene and Polyamide 6.6 on the Release of a Model Drug , 2010 .

[93]  Angeliki Tserepi,et al.  Mesh-assisted colloidal lithography and plasma etching: A route to large-area, uniform, ordered nano-pillar and nanopost fabrication on versatile substrates , 2011 .

[94]  Paul Kiekens,et al.  Non-thermal plasma treatment of textiles , 2008 .

[95]  Bharat Bhushan,et al.  Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion, and drag reduction , 2011 .

[96]  Peter Offermann,et al.  Investigation of PVD arc coatings on polyamide fabrics 1 Presented at the ICMCTF 2000 conference. 1 , 2000 .

[97]  Harinarayanan Puliyalil,et al.  Selective Plasma Etching of Polyphenolic Composite in O2/Ar Plasma for Improvement of Material Tracking Properties , 2016 .

[98]  A. P. Souto,et al.  Functionalization of wool fabric with phase-change materials microcapsules after plasma surface modification , 2013 .

[99]  Dominique Debarnot,et al.  Film Chemistry Control and Growth Kinetics of Pulsed Plasma-Polymerized Aniline , 2011 .

[100]  Christophe Chazelas,et al.  Multi-structural TiO2 film synthesised by an atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition microwave torch , 2016 .

[101]  Minoru Seki,et al.  Low-pressure plasma-etching of bulk polymer materials using gas mixture of CF4 and O2 , 2013 .

[102]  C. Kan,et al.  Improving the pilling property of knitted wool fabric with atmospheric pressure plasma treatment , 2013 .

[103]  Jae-Eung Oh,et al.  Influence of growth parameters on the optical properties of selective area grown GaN nanorods by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy , 2014 .

[104]  Peter Awakowicz,et al.  Silicon oxide barrier films deposited on PET foils in pulsed plasmas: influence of substrate bias on deposition process and film properties , 2013 .

[105]  S. S. Islam,et al.  MWCNT-conducting polymer composite based ammonia gas sensors: A new approach for complete recovery process , 2014 .

[106]  M. Hande,et al.  Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human cells. , 2009, ACS nano.

[107]  K. Bobzin,et al.  Mechanical properties and oxidation behaviour of (Al,Cr)N and (Al,Cr,Si)N coatings for cutting tools deposited by HPPMS , 2008 .

[108]  K. Landfester,et al.  Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted on plasma-activated poly(ethylene oxide): thermal response and interaction with proteins. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[109]  E. Gogolides,et al.  Optical properties of high aspect ratio plasma etched silicon nanowires: fabrication-induced variability dramatically reduces reflectance , 2015, Nanotechnology.

[110]  Lei Jiang,et al.  Bio-inspired design of multiscale structures for function integration , 2011 .

[111]  M. Zilberman,et al.  Antibiotic-eluting medical devices for various applications. , 2008, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[112]  Marija Gorjanc,et al.  Functionalization of Polyester Fabric by Ar/N2 Plasma and Silver , 2010 .

[113]  R. Greger,et al.  Acrylic Fabrics Treated with Plasma for Outdoor Applications , 2001 .

[114]  Xu Hao,et al.  Thermosensitive Behavior and Antibacterial Activity of Cotton Fabric Modified with a Chitosan-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel , 2016, Polymers.

[115]  Biswajit Saha,et al.  Tuning of electrical and optical properties of polyaniline incorporated functional paper for flexible circuits through oxidative chemical polymerization , 2016 .

[116]  Masuhiro Kogoma,et al.  Appearance of stable glow discharge in air, argon, oxygen and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure using a 50 Hz source , 1993 .

[117]  I. Khalakhan,et al.  In situ coupling of chitosan onto polypropylene foils by an Atmospheric Pressure Air Glow Discharge with a liquid cathode. , 2016, Carbohydrate polymers.

[118]  Lydie Ploux,et al.  Tunable antibacterial coatings that support mammalian cell growth. , 2010, Nano letters.

[119]  Heung-Sik Tae,et al.  Humidity-independent conducting polyaniline films synthesized using advanced atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization with in-situ iodine doping , 2017 .

[120]  Jana Beranová,et al.  Antibacterial nanocomposite coatings produced by means of gas aggregation source of silver nanoparticles , 2016 .

[121]  Khalil Arshak,et al.  A review of gas sensors employed in electronic nose applications , 2004 .

[122]  Jose Maria Kenny,et al.  Sensitivity to NO2 and cross-sensitivity analysis to NH3, ethanol and humidity of carbon nanotubes thin film prepared by PECVD , 2003 .

[123]  Horn-Sen Tzou,et al.  SENSORS AND ACTUATORS , 2001 .

[124]  W. Park,et al.  Enhancing the quality of transferred single-layer graphene with poly(4-vinylphenol) interlayer on flexible substrates , 2016 .

[125]  Yang Li,et al.  Nanorings and nanocrescents formed via shaped nanosphere lithography: a route toward large areas of infrared metamaterials , 2013, Nanotechnology.

[126]  Tae Gwan Park,et al.  Surface-functionalized electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering and drug delivery. , 2009, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[127]  S. Agarwal,et al.  Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications , 2008 .

[128]  Chanseok Lee,et al.  Ultrasensitive mechanical crack-based sensor inspired by the spider sensory system , 2014, Nature.

[129]  Seung Yol Jeong,et al.  Enhanced Sensitivity of a Gas Sensor Incorporating Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube–Polypyrrole Nanocomposites , 2004 .

[130]  Vincent T. Remcho,et al.  urface modification-assisted bonding of polymer-based microfluidic devices , 2009 .

[131]  S. Konstantinidis,et al.  High power pulsed magnetron sputtering: A review on scientific and engineering state of the art , 2010 .

[132]  Thierry Czerwiec,et al.  Low-pressure, high-density plasma nitriding: mechanisms, technology and results , 1998 .

[133]  Fabienne Poncin-Epaillard,et al.  Polyaniline as a new sensitive layer for gas sensors , 2003 .

[134]  L. Peña,et al.  Cell attachment and biocompatibility of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) treated with glow-discharge plasma of mixed ammonia and oxygen , 2003, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[135]  Carles Corbella,et al.  Surface Modification of Polypropylene (PP) by Argon Ions and UV Photons , 2013 .

[136]  Mohan V. Jacob,et al.  Electron-blocking hole-transport polyterpenol thin films , 2012 .

[137]  Jörg Friedrich,et al.  The Plasma Chemistry of Polymer Surfaces: Advanced Techniques for Surface Design , 2012 .

[138]  Claudio Colleoni,et al.  Plasma enhanced CVD of SiOxCyHz, thin film on different textile fabrics: Influence of exposure time on the abrasion resistance and mechanical properties , 2010 .

[139]  Mark A. Baker,et al.  Remote plasma sputtering of indium tin oxide thin films for large area flexible electronics , 2011 .

[140]  Chongjun Jin,et al.  Inverted hemispherical mask colloidal lithography , 2009, Nanotechnology.

[141]  Andrei Choukourov,et al.  Does Cross‐Link Density of PEO‐Like Plasma Polymers Influence their Resistance to Adsorption of Fibrinogen? , 2012 .

[142]  E. Hoek,et al.  A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment , 2010 .

[143]  Haiying Du,et al.  Preparation of modified MWCNTs-doped PANI nanorods by oxygen plasma and their ammonia-sensing properties , 2013, Journal of Materials Science.

[144]  Peter Kingshott,et al.  Highly Ordered Nanometer‐Scale Chemical and Protein Patterns by Binary Colloidal Crystal Lithography Combined with Plasma Polymerization , 2011 .

[145]  Joyanti Chutia,et al.  Controlled antibiotic-releasing Antheraea assama silk fibroin suture for infection prevention and fast wound healing. , 2016, Surgery.

[146]  Kenneth G. Budinski,et al.  Resistance to particle abrasion of selected plastics , 1997 .

[147]  Andrei Choukourov,et al.  Preparation of biomimetic nano-structured films with multi-scale roughness , 2016 .

[148]  Dirk J Gouma,et al.  The Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Prevention of Wound Infection After Lichtenstein Open Mesh Repair of Primary Inguinal Hernia: A Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial , 2004, Annals of surgery.

[149]  Walter J. Hamburger,et al.  Mechanics of Abrasion of Textile Materials , 1945 .

[150]  James L. Walsh,et al.  10 ns pulsed atmospheric air plasma for uniform treatment of polymeric surfaces , 2007 .

[151]  Jan Bastiaan Bouwstra,et al.  Towards Roll-to-Roll Deposition of High Quality Moisture Barrier Films on Polymers by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Assisted Process , 2015 .

[152]  Weiping Cai,et al.  Gold binary-structured arrays based on monolayer colloidal crystals and their optical properties. , 2014, Small.

[153]  S. A. Starostin,et al.  Morphological description of ultra smooth organo-silicon layers synthesized using atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge assisted PECVD , 2013 .

[154]  Chun Huang,et al.  Electrospun Microfibrous Membranes with Atmospheric‐Pressure Plasma Surface Modification for the Application in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells , 2013 .

[155]  Bao-Lian Su,et al.  Superhydrophobic surfaces: from natural to biomimetic to functional. , 2011, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[156]  Jae Bong Choi,et al.  Cellular responses of vascular endothelial cells on surface modified polyurethane films grafted electrospun PLGA fiber with microwave-induced plasma at atmospheric pressure , 2010 .

[157]  Sudhir Bhatt,et al.  Radio-frequency plasma polymerized biodegradable carrier for in vivo release of cis-platinum , 2016, Oncotarget.

[158]  Liqiang Guo,et al.  Flexible Oxide-Based Thin-Film Transistors on Plastic Substrates for Logic Applications , 2015 .

[159]  Françoise Massines,et al.  Atmospheric Pressure Low Temperature Direct Plasma Technology: Status and Challenges for Thin Film Deposition , 2012 .

[160]  Francesco Fracassi,et al.  Aerosol-assisted atmospheric cold plasma deposition and characterization of superhydrophobic organic-inorganic nanocomposite thin films. , 2014, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[161]  M.C.M. van de Sanden,et al.  On the formation mechanisms of the diffuse atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge in CVD processes of thin silica-like films , 2009 .

[162]  M. Meyyappan,et al.  Plasma jet printing for flexible substrates , 2016 .

[163]  Christophe Leys,et al.  Incorporation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/chitosan microgel onto plasma functionalized cotton fibre surface , 2009 .

[164]  Joseph H. Koo,et al.  Flame-Retardant Polyamide 6/Carbon Nanotube Nanofibers: Processing and Characterization , 2015 .

[165]  Rikizo Hatakeyama,et al.  Rapid synthesis of water-soluble gold nanoparticles with control of size and assembly using gas–liquid interfacial discharge plasma , 2012 .

[166]  Y. Huttel,et al.  The ultimate step towards a tailored engineering of core@shell and core@shell@shell nanoparticles. , 2014, Nanoscale.

[167]  Joëlle Levalois-Grützmacher,et al.  Atmospheric pressure plasma-initiated chemical vapor deposition (AP-PiCVD) of poly(diethylallylphosphate) coating: a char-forming protective coating for cellulosic textile. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[168]  Y. X. Wang,et al.  Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B : Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms , 2018 .

[169]  Dong Xiang,et al.  Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Sensitivity and Influencing Factors , 2010, Sensors.

[170]  C James Kirkpatrick,et al.  Polyester vascular prostheses coated with a cyclodextrin polymer and activated with antibiotics: cytotoxicity and microbiological evaluation. , 2008, Acta biomaterialia.

[171]  J. Chang,et al.  Physics and chemistry of plasma pollution control technology , 2008 .

[172]  Jan Schäfer,et al.  Liquid assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition with a non-thermal plasma jet at atmospheric pressure , 2017 .

[173]  Yanfeng Gao,et al.  A multi-functional textile that combines self-cleaning, water-proofing and VO2-based temperature-responsive thermoregulating , 2017 .

[174]  Livia Visai,et al.  Poly-l-Lactic Acid Nanofiber-Polyamidoamine Hydrogel Composites: Preparation, Properties, and Preliminary Evaluation as Scaffolds for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Culturing. , 2016, Macromolecular bioscience.

[175]  Shadpour Mallakpour,et al.  Preparation and characterization of thermal-responsive non-woven poly (propylene) materials grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide/ β-cyclodextrin , 2013 .

[176]  Karl Leo,et al.  Integration of molecular-layer-deposited aluminum alkoxide interlayers into inorganic nanolaminate barriers for encapsulation of organic electronics with improved stress resistance , 2015 .

[177]  Bahattin Koc,et al.  3D Hybrid Bioprinting of Macrovascular Structures , 2013 .

[178]  F. Cui,et al.  A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. , 2000, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[179]  Rosendo Sanjines,et al.  Advantages of highly ionized pulse plasma magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) of silver for improved E-coli inactivation , 2012 .

[180]  K. Junge,et al.  Titanium coating of a polypropylene mesh for hernia repair: Effect on biocompatibilty , 2005, Hernia.

[181]  Bharat Bhushan,et al.  Multifunctional surface structures of plants: An inspiration for biomimetics , 2009 .

[182]  Clifford Goodman,et al.  Market Research Reports , 1988 .

[183]  D. Hutmacher,et al.  Scaffold development using 3D printing with a starch-based polymer , 2002 .

[184]  Mohan V. Jacob,et al.  Sustainable Life Cycles of Natural-Precursor-Derived Nanocarbons. , 2016, Chemical reviews.

[185]  Peter Awakowicz,et al.  Permeation barrier coating and plasma sterilization of PET bottles and foils , 2009 .

[186]  Jennifer A. Lewis,et al.  3D Printing: 3D‐Printing of Lightweight Cellular Composites (Adv. Mater. 34/2014) , 2014 .

[187]  Marija Gorjanc,et al.  Creating cellulose fibres with excellent UV protective properties using moist CF4 plasma and ZnO nanoparticles , 2014, Cellulose.

[188]  A. Richard Horrocks,et al.  Flame retardant challenges for textiles and fibres: New chemistry versus innovatory solutions , 2011 .

[189]  Petr Slobodian,et al.  Plasma-enabled sensing of urea and related amides on polyaniline , 2016, Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering.

[190]  Jian-Ping Wang,et al.  Direct Gas‐Phase Synthesis of Heterostructured Nanoparticles through Phase Separation and Surface Segregation , 2008 .

[191]  M. Mičušík,et al.  Palladium-free hydrogen sensor based on oxygen-plasma-treated polyaniline thin film , 2012 .

[192]  Thierry Belmonte,et al.  Photocatalytic anatase titanium dioxide thin films deposition by an atmospheric pressure blown arc discharge , 2014 .

[193]  A. Wendt.  Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing , 1997 .

[194]  C S Pundir,et al.  Fabrication of polyphenol biosensor based on laccase immobilized on copper nanoparticles/chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyaniline-modified gold electrode. , 2011, Journal of biotechnology.

[195]  Peng Jiang,et al.  Templated Nanodimple Arrays with Tunable Nanostructures for Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis , 2013 .

[196]  Ming Yu,et al.  Self-healing of the superhydrophobicity by ironing for the abrasion durable superhydrophobic cotton fabrics , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[197]  Christian Oehr,et al.  Plasma processes and polymers , 2004 .

[198]  Qiang Chen,et al.  A review of plasma-liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis , 2015 .

[199]  V. J. Law,et al.  Compact atmospheric pressure plasma self-resonant drive circuits , 2012 .

[200]  Leslie Eadie,et al.  Biomimicry in textiles: past, present and potential. An overview , 2011, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[201]  Yen Chang,et al.  A novel drug-eluting stent spray-coated with multi-layers of collagen and sirolimus. , 2005, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[202]  Horst A von Recum,et al.  Electrospinning: applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[203]  Mikko Söderlund,et al.  Roll-to-roll atomic layer deposition process for flexible electronics encapsulation applications , 2014 .

[204]  Philip Smith,et al.  The appropriate use of antibiotics in surgery: a review of surgical infections. , 2007, Current problems in surgery.

[205]  Jean Coudane,et al.  Multilayer, degradable coating as a carrier for the sustained release of antibiotics: preparation and antimicrobial efficacy in vitro. , 2012, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[206]  Krasimir Vasilev,et al.  Plasma deposition of organic polymer films for solar cell applications , 2016 .

[207]  Davide Fabiani,et al.  Plasma Processing of Electrospun Li‐Ion Battery Separators to Improve Electrolyte Uptake , 2016 .

[208]  B. Fox,et al.  Adhesion of polymers. , 2009 .

[209]  Seeram Ramakrishna,et al.  Electrospun nanofibrous filtration membrane , 2006 .

[210]  David B. Graves,et al.  Real-time measurements of plasma photoresist modifications: The role of plasma vacuum ultraviolet radiation and ions , 2012 .

[211]  Andrea Valsesia,et al.  Plasmonic resonances in nanostructured gold/polymer surfaces by colloidal lithography , 2010 .

[212]  T. Hamamoto,et al.  Journal of Controlled Release Original Article Γ-polyglutamic Acid-coated Vectors for Effective and Safe Gene Therapy , 2017 .

[213]  Jan Hanuš,et al.  Superhydrophobic fluorine-free hierarchical coatings produced by vacuum based method , 2016 .

[214]  Kwang-Ho Kwon,et al.  Effects of O2 plasma treatment on NH3 sensing characteristics of multiwall carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite films , 2009 .

[215]  Younan Xia,et al.  Functionalization of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers with Pt nanoparticles and nanowires for catalytic applications. , 2008, Nano letters.

[216]  pLuciano Fratocchip,et al.  Additive manufacturing technologies as a reshoring enabler , 2019 .

[217]  Yasuharu Ohgoe,et al.  Antibacterial property of DLC film coated on textile material , 2010 .

[218]  Hongkai Wu,et al.  Direct, one-step molding of 3D-printed structures for convenient fabrication of truly 3D PDMS microfluidic chips , 2015 .

[219]  Stephan Steinhauer,et al.  Nanoparticle design by gas-phase synthesis , 2016 .

[220]  Jan Bastiaan Bouwstra,et al.  Atmospheric pressure roll‐to‐roll plasma enhanced CVD of high quality silica‐like bilayer encapsulation films , 2017 .

[221]  Jianguo Tang,et al.  Strategies for chemical modification of graphene and applications of chemically modified graphene , 2012 .

[222]  Nicolas Gherardi,et al.  Influence of the voltage waveform during nanocomposite layer deposition by aerosol-assisted atmospheric pressure Townsend discharge , 2016 .

[223]  Stephan Reuter,et al.  Correlation of structural properties of commercial DLC-coatings to their tribological performance in biomedical applications , 2006 .

[224]  Satoru Kidoaki,et al.  Time-programmed dual release formulation by multilayered drug-loaded nanofiber meshes. , 2010, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[225]  Mitsuo Matsudaira,et al.  Mechanical Property and Anti-Felting Property of Wool Fabric Treated with Low-Temperature Plasma , 2006 .

[226]  Chao Liu,et al.  Numerical study of physical properties of resistive wall modes in tokamaks , 2013 .

[227]  F. Faupel,et al.  Plasma-polymerized HMDSO coatings to adjust the silver ion release properties of Ag/polymer nanocomposites , 2013, Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

[228]  Carles Corbella,et al.  Chemical and Physical Sputtering of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) , 2013 .

[229]  Elena P Ivanova,et al.  Plasma-enhanced synthesis of bioactive polymeric coatings from monoterpene alcohols: a combined experimental and theoretical study. , 2010, Biomacromolecules.

[230]  U. Kogelschatz,et al.  Filamentary, patterned, and diffuse barrier discharges , 2002 .

[231]  Miguel Holgado,et al.  Silicon nanopillar arrays with SiO2 overlayer for biosensing application , 2014 .

[232]  Iole Venditti,et al.  Chemiresistive polyaniline-based gas sensors: A mini review , 2015 .

[233]  S. Thenmozhi,et al.  Electrospun nanofibers: New generation materials for advanced applications , 2017 .

[234]  R. Shishoo,et al.  Plasma technologies for textiles , 2007 .

[235]  Dinkar S. Patil,et al.  High photosensitivity with enhanced photoelectrical contribution in hybrid nanocomposite flexible UV photodetector , 2014 .

[236]  Enric Bertran,et al.  Modifying surface properties of diamond-like carbon films via nanotexturing , 2011 .

[237]  N. Dumitrascu,et al.  Polythiophene films obtained by polymerization under atmospheric pressure plasma conditions , 2016 .

[238]  Jorge S. Benítez-Read,et al.  A high voltage resonant inverter for dielectric discharge barrier cell plasma applications , 2000 .

[239]  V. Dutschk,et al.  Modification of polyamide fibres to improve their biocompatibility , 2000 .

[240]  Othmar Marti,et al.  Plasmonic nanostructures fabricated using nanosphere-lithography, soft-lithography and plasma etching , 2011, Beilstein journal of nanotechnology.

[241]  Chengying Tang,et al.  Doping composite of polyaniline and reduced graphene oxide with palladium nanoparticles for room-temperature hydrogen-gas sensing , 2016 .

[242]  M. Aono,et al.  Moiré Nanosphere Lithography. , 2015, ACS nano.

[243]  Pietro Favia,et al.  Plasma Deposition of Thermo‐Responsive Thin Films from N‐Vinylcaprolactam , 2014 .

[244]  Anthony Shoji Hall,et al.  Wafer-scale fabrication of plasmonic crystals from patterned silicon templates prepared by nanosphere lithography. , 2013, Nano letters.

[245]  Hyuneui Lim,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of moth-eye mimicking nanostructured convex lens , 2016 .

[246]  A. Bandyopadhyay,et al.  Bone tissue engineering using 3D printing , 2013 .

[247]  Ravi S Kane,et al.  Antifouling Coatings: Recent Developments in the Design of Surfaces That Prevent Fouling by Proteins, Bacteria, and Marine Organisms , 2011, Advanced materials.

[248]  Alexandru Vlad,et al.  Direct Transcription of Two‐Dimensional Colloidal Crystal Arrays into Three‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals , 2013 .

[249]  Pavel Vojtek,et al.  Atmospheric-pressure diffuse coplanar surface discharge for surface treatments , 2002 .

[250]  Ravindra P. Joshi,et al.  Electrical breakdown of water in microgaps , 2008 .

[251]  H. Wagner,et al.  Systematic investigation of the barrier discharge operation in helium, nitrogen, and mixtures: discharge development, formation and decay of surface charges , 2014 .

[252]  Teiji Tsuruta,et al.  Reactive and functional polymers : Changing features but conception unchanged , 2007 .

[253]  Hans Fredriksson,et al.  Patterning of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and glassy carbon surfaces by nanolithography and oxygen plasma etching , 2009 .

[254]  James L. Walsh,et al.  Numerical investigation of the spatiotemporal distribution of chemical species in an atmospheric surface barrier-discharge , 2016 .

[255]  Kong,et al.  Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors , 2000, Science.

[256]  B D Ratner,et al.  Plasma polymerized N-isopropylacrylamide: synthesis and characterization of a smart thermally responsive coating. , 2001, Biomacromolecules.

[257]  Jenny Alongi,et al.  Current emerging techniques to impart flame retardancy to fabrics: An overview , 2014 .

[258]  J. Schneider,et al.  A novel pulsed magnetron sputter technique utilizing very high target power densities , 1999 .

[259]  Ray-Hua Horng,et al.  Deposition and characterization of ultra-high barrier coatings for flexible electronic applications , 2010 .

[260]  Pietro Favia,et al.  Plasma‐Aided Micro‐ and Nanopatterning Processes for Biomedical Applications , 2006 .

[261]  Wei Jiang,et al.  High-temperature tribological performance of hybrid PTFE/Nomex fabric/phenolic composite , 2014 .

[262]  Gabriel Loget,et al.  Fabrication of broadband antireflective plasmonic gold nanocone arrays on flexible polymer films. , 2013, Nano letters.

[263]  A M James Shapiro,et al.  Sirolimus drug-eluting, hydrogel-impregnated polypropylene mesh reduces intra-abdominal adhesion formation in a mouse model. , 2011, Surgery.

[264]  M. K. Browne,et al.  Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Open Groin Hernia Repair , 1997, World Journal of Surgery.

[265]  F. Samson,et al.  Ophthalmic lens coatings , 1996 .

[266]  Nahed Dokhane,et al.  Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells , 2017 .

[267]  Pak Kin Wong,et al.  Template‐Guided Self‐Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots Using Plasma Lithography , 2009 .

[268]  Thierry Belmonte,et al.  Low-Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processes for “Green” Third Generation Photovoltaics , 2016 .

[269]  Darrell H. Reneker,et al.  Beaded nanofibers formed during electrospinning , 1999 .

[270]  N. K. Myshkin,et al.  Tribology of polymers: Adhesion, friction, wear, and mass-transfer , 2005 .

[271]  M. Wertheimer,et al.  Plasma surface modification of polymers for improved adhesion: a critical review , 1993 .

[272]  Miroslav Jelinek,et al.  DLC coating of textile blood vessels using PLD , 2008 .

[273]  Jan Čech,et al.  Permanent hydrophilization of outer and inner surfaces of polytetrafluoroethylene tubes using ambient air plasma generated by surface dielectric barrier discharges , 2014 .

[274]  Andrea Valsesia,et al.  Electrochemical properties of polymeric nanopatterned electrodes , 2007 .

[275]  T. Akiyama,et al.  Nanomaterial synthesis using plasma generation in liquid , 2015 .

[276]  A. Sharma,et al.  Spatial atmospheric atomic layer deposition of InxGayZnzO for thin film transistors. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[277]  Michael Keidar,et al.  Plasma treatment for next-generation nanobiointerfaces. , 2015, Biointerphases.

[278]  Thomas Riedl,et al.  Stress Management in Thin-Film Gas-Permeation Barriers. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[279]  Sophie Lerouge,et al.  Plasma-Etching for Controlled Modification of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Electrospun PET Scaffolds , 2015 .

[280]  Hyung-Kee Seo,et al.  Iodine doped polyaniline thin film for heterostructure devices via PECVD technique: Morphological, structural, and electrical properties , 2011, Macromolecular Research.

[281]  Shams Mohajerzadeh,et al.  3D micro- and nano-machining of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films on SiO2/Si and glass substrates , 2015 .

[282]  M Sheikhzadeh,et al.  Modeling the efficiency and heat gain of a phase change material cooling vest: The effect of ambient temperature and outer isolation , 2016 .

[283]  Seeram Ramakrishna,et al.  Electrospun biomimetic nanocomposite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/chitosan for bone tissue engineering. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[284]  M. Meyyappan,et al.  Plasma nanoscience: from nano-solids in plasmas to nano-plasmas in solids , 2013, 1306.6711.

[285]  K. L. Mittal,et al.  Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of polymers : relevance to adhesion , 2013 .

[286]  Yeongtae Choi,et al.  Fast spatial atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 at low temperature (<100 °C) as a gas permeation barrier for flexible organic light-emitting diode displays , 2016 .

[287]  Davide Fabiani,et al.  Atmospheric Pressure Non‐Equilibrium Plasma Treatment to Improve the Electrospinnability of Poly(L‐Lactic Acid) Polymeric Solution , 2014 .

[288]  Ionut Jepu,et al.  Surface Modification of the Polyimide Films by Electrical Discharges in Water , 2013 .

[289]  Byung-Hoon Kim,et al.  Cell Proliferation on Macro/Nano Surface Structure and Collagen Immobilization of 3D Polycaprolactone Scaffolds. , 2016, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[290]  Changsheng Zhao,et al.  Immobilization of silver nanoparticles onto sulfonated polyethersulfone membranes as antibacterial materials. , 2010, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[291]  Vittorio Colombo,et al.  Solid‐State Crosslinking of Polysaccharide Electrospun Fibers by Atmospheric Pressure Non‐Equilibrium Plasma: A Novel Straightforward Approach , 2015 .

[292]  Ying-Hung Chen,et al.  Antibacterial silver coating on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric by using high power impulse magnetron sputtering , 2013 .

[293]  V. Singh,et al.  MWCNT–polymer composites as highly sensitive and selective room temperature gas sensors , 2011, Nanotechnology.

[294]  Cédric Labay,et al.  Relevance of Surface Modification of Polyamide 6.6 Fibers by Air Plasma Treatment on the Release of Caffeine , 2012 .

[295]  Fengnian Xia,et al.  Utilization of a buffered dielectric to achieve high field-effect carrier mobility in graphene transistors. , 2009, Nano letters.

[296]  Kitty Baert,et al.  Photocatalytic TiO2 thin films synthesized by the post-discharge of an RF atmospheric plasma torch , 2016 .

[297]  D. Jocić,et al.  Polymer-Based Smart Coatings for Comfort in Clothing , 2016 .

[298]  Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll,et al.  Spatial atmospheric atomic layer deposition: a new laboratory and industrial tool for low-cost photovoltaics , 2014 .

[299]  Carlo Luca Romanò,et al.  Antibacterial coating of implants in orthopaedics and trauma: a classification proposal in an evolving panorama , 2015, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.

[300]  António Pedro Souto,et al.  Plasma Treatment in Textile Industry , 2015 .

[301]  M. Hande,et al.  Anti-proliferative activity of silver nanoparticles , 2009, BMC Cell Biology.