A Gibbs thermodynamic potential of sea ice

Abstract A thermodynamic potential function for air-free sea ice, specific Gibbs free energy (free enthalpy) G(s,t,p), has been computed in terms of sea ice salinity s, temperature t and pressure p. Its numerical application is restricted to brine salinities up to 40 g/kg and to applied pressures not exceeding 10 MPa. Using the assumption of brine–ice equilibrium the Gibbs potential is derived from Gibbs free energies of seawater and of pure water ice. Explicit mathematical expressions are deduced theoretically for various thermodynamic properties of sea ice including, e.g., specific heat at constant pressure, isothermal compressibility, isobaric thermal volume expansion coefficient, isochoric pressure coefficient, and temperature of maximum volume. Care is taken for pressure dependencies of all properties and for appropriate salinity root expansions due to Debye–Huckel theory of electrolytic solutions. Simplified computation formulas are proposed for some important quantities.

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