Karl Pearson Chi-Square Test The Dawn of Statistical Inference

Specification or stochastic modeling of data is an important step in statistical analysis of data. Karl Pearson was the first to recognize this problem and introduce a criterion, in a paper published in 1900, to examine whether the observed data support a given specification. He called it chi-square goodnessof-fit test, which motivated research in testing of hypotheses and estimation of unknown parameters and led to the development of statistics as a separate discipline. Efron (1995) says, “Karl Pearson’s famous chi-square paper appeared in the spring of 1900, an auspicious beginning to a wonderful century for the field of statistics.”

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