Dynamic Capabilities of an Energy Storage-Embedded DFIG System

Power electronic-based wind turbine generators (WTGs) are capable of providing inertial response to the grid by releasing kinetic energy from the turbine blade; thus, as conventional power plants are retired, the reduction of online inertia can be compensated by designing frequency controls for the WTGs. Deployment of energy storage technology for renewable generations has been increased to have the renewables centralized with a system operator as an independent power supply by making up for their nature of generation. In addition, the cost of energy storage has dropped over time and global research activities on energy storage have been funded by private industries and governments. This paper investigates the opportunity of deploying an energy storage on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based WTG to respond to the system frequency, and then explores dynamic capabilities of the energy storage-embedded DFIG to boost its contribution while the frequency response is being provided by the power system's online inertia; thus, enabling an effective delivery of ancillary services to the system. To do this, the dynamic models of DFIG and energy storage are combined and simulated under the different operating conditions of a DFIG, such as subsynchronous, synchronous, and supersynchronous operations, using the PSCAD.

[1]  Suryanarayana Doolla,et al.  Inertia Design Methods for Islanded Microgrids Having Static and Rotating Energy Sources , 2016 .

[2]  E. Muljadi,et al.  Energy storage opportunities and capabilities of a type 3 wind turbine generator , 2016, 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[3]  S. Santoso,et al.  Understanding inertial and frequency response of wind power plants , 2012, 2012 IEEE Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications.

[4]  Yazan M. Alsmadi,et al.  Detailed Investigation and Performance Improvement of the Dynamic Behavior of Grid-Connected DFIG-Based Wind Turbines Under LVRT Conditions , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[5]  Jinyu Wen,et al.  Coordinated Control Strategy of Wind Turbine Generator and Energy Storage Equipment for Frequency Support , 2015 .

[6]  Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy,et al.  Frequency stability and control of a power system with large PV plants using PMU information , 2013, 2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS).

[7]  Sheng Yang,et al.  Novel sensorless generator control and grid fault ride-through strategies for variable-speed wind turbines and implementation on a new real-time simulation platform , 2010 .

[8]  Chunghun Kim,et al.  Coordinated control of wind turbine and energy storage system for reducing wind power fluctuation , 2017 .

[9]  Mariana Santos Matos Cavalca,et al.  Dynamic Analysis of Small Wind Turbines Frequency Support Capability in a Low-Power Wind-Diesel Microgrid , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[10]  A. Mullane,et al.  Frequency control and wind turbine technologies , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[11]  Joydeep Mitra,et al.  Energy storage to improve reliability of wind integrated systems under frequency security constraint , 2017, 2017 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[12]  Joseph H. Eto,et al.  Use of Frequency Response Metrics to Assess the Planning and Operating Requirements for Reliable Integration of Variable Renewable Generation , 2011 .

[13]  Eduard Muljadi,et al.  Flexible IQ–V Scheme of a DFIG for Rapid Voltage Regulation of a Wind Power Plant , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[14]  R. W. De Doncker,et al.  Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines , 2002 .

[15]  A. Mooradian,et al.  Frequency Stability and Control Characteristics of (GaAl)As Semiconductor Lasers , 1982 .

[16]  Yongzheng Zhang,et al.  Sensorless Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind by DFIG Using Rotor Position Phase Lock Loop (PLL) , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[17]  Geng Yang,et al.  Two-Level Damping Control for DFIG-Based Wind Farm Providing Synthetic Inertial Service , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[18]  L.-A. Dessaint,et al.  A Generic Battery Model for the Dynamic Simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2007, 2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[19]  Luis Marroyo,et al.  Ride Through of Wind Turbines With Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under Symmetrical Voltage Dips , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[20]  Eric Allen,et al.  Tracking the Eastern Interconnection frequency governing characteristic , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[21]  Eduard Muljadi,et al.  Temporary Frequency Support of a DFIG for High Wind Power Penetration , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[22]  C. M. Shepherd.  Design of Primary and Secondary Cells II . An Equation Describing Battery Discharge , 1965 .

[23]  Wei Qiao,et al.  Constant Power Control and Fault-Ride-Through Enhancement of DFIG Wind Turbines with Energy Storage , 2009, 2009 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[24]  Jon Clare,et al.  Doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters and its application to variable-speed wind-energy generation , 1996 .

[25]  C. Concordia,et al.  Load shedding on an isolated system , 1995 .

[26]  Eduard Muljadi,et al.  Power capacity specification for energy storage in wind application using probability- based method , 2011, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[27]  N. D. Hatziargyriou,et al.  Frequency Control in Autonomous Power Systems With High Wind Power Penetration , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.