........................................................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary .........................................................................................................................v Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Alternative Ignition Systems................................................................................................2 Ignition Fundamentals .........................................................................................................3 Radio Frequency Electrostatic Ignition System (RFEIS) ....................................................3 Project Objectives ............................................................................................................................4 Project Approach .............................................................................................................................5 Project Outcomes .............................................................................................................................8 Outcome 1. Designed RFEIS ............................................................................................ 8 Outcome 2. Finite Element Modeling ............................................................................... 8 Outcome 3. Combustion Test Chamber Results ............................................................... 9 Outcome 4. Durability Development .............................................................................. 12 Outcome 5. Measured NOx Emissions ........................................................................... 12 Outcome 6. Stable Engine Operation............................................................................... 12 Outcome 7. Test Results of Single Cylinder Engine with Lean Air-Fuel Ratio.............. 12 Outcome 8. Test Results of Single Cylinder Engine with EGR ...................................... 14 Outcome 9. Projected Capital and Life Cycle Costs........................................................ 17 Conclusions....................................................................................................................................17 Combustion Test Chamber ............................................................................................... 17 Single Cylinder Lean Tests............................................................................................... 17 Single Cylinder EGR Tests............................................................................................... 17 Recommendations..........................................................................................................................18 Public Benefits to California..........................................................................................................18 References......................................................................................................................................19 Glossary .........................................................................................................................................19
[1]
Turgut Sarpkaya,et al.
Torque and Cavitation Characteristics of Butterfly Valves
,
1961
.
[2]
Ray E. Hooley.
Sparks and Flames: Ignition in Engines--An Historical Approach
,
1999
.
[3]
Takeyoshi Kimura,et al.
Hydrodynamic characteristics of a butterfly valve — Prediction of torque characteristics
,
1995
.
[4]
Turgut Sarpkaya,et al.
Oblique impact of a bounded stream on a plane lamina
,
1959
.
[5]
A. Rosenfeld,et al.
Estimates of Improved Productivity and Health from Better Indoor Environments
,
1997
.
[6]
ePET LEAP2A.
Reporting period
,
1999
.