The design and development of Bijak Seni, a teaching and learning module that incorporates computational thinking skills in visual art education for secondary school

Computational Thinking (CT) is an applicable skill most often set for computer science subjects. However, in this research, the CT skills were introduced in a Visual Art Education classroom. A teaching and learning module called Bijak Seni (Smart Art) was designed and developed based on the ADDIE Model to incorporate elements of CT into the teaching and learning of drawing and painting at the secondary level. The six elements of CT included were Logical Reasoning, Algorithms, Decompose, Pattern Recognition, Abstraction and Evaluation. This module also supported critical thinking and discovery learning among students. It also provided footnotes for teachers and students to help them at every stage of CT. Presented in the form of a sketch and workbook, this module was printed in colour and A3 size. There were also Learning Objectives stated at every level. Students were given ample space to write and scribble for ideas. A survey conducted among Visual Art Education experts, teachers and students showed that the application of CT in the Bijak Seni Module helped students understand the requirements of the tasks in the Visual Art Education exam. 95.9% of students agreed that applying the CT process helped them to improve their drawing and painting skills. The module also helped them to identify important requirements of the questions, break down the complexity of the required tasks, analysed the drawings made, develop ideas to define the key requirements of the questions, and select the best media and method to deliver their drawing and painting, to meet the objectives and requirements of the examination questions. Furthermore, Bijak Seni Module can also be applied in any art classroom at any level to improve the teaching and learning of drawing and painting based on certain given standards or requirements.