What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic

All rights reserved. This product and related documentation are protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or related documentation may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX ® and Berkeley 4. respectively. Third-party font software in this product is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun's font suppliers. The OPEN LOOKand Sun™ Graphical User Interfaces were developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun's licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun's written license agreements.

[1]  I. Bennett Goldberg.  27 bits are not enough for 8-digit accuracy , 1967, CACM.

[2]  Donald Ervin Knuth,et al.  The Art of Computer Programming , 1968 .

[3]  G. Forsythe,et al.  Computer solution of linear algebraic systems , 1969 .

[4]  G. Forsythe,et al.  Computer solution of linear algebraic systems , 1969 .

[5]  T. J. Dekker,et al.  A floating-point technique for extending the available precision , 1971 .

[6]  William Kahan,et al.  A Survey of Error Analysis , 1971, IFIP Congress.

[7]  J. S. Walther,et al.  A unified algorithm for elementary functions , 1899, AFIPS '71 (Spring).

[8]  J. Uhlig.  C. Forsythe and C. B. Moler, Computer Solution of Linear Algebraic Systems. (Series in Automatic Computation) XI + 148 S. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1967. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Preis geb. 54 s. net , 1972 .

[9]  Pat H. Sterbenz,et al.  Floating-point computation , 1973 .

[10]  Donald E. Knuth,et al.  Evading the Drift in Floating-Point Addition , 1975, Inf. Process. Lett..

[11]  Earl E. Swartzlander,et al.  The Sign/Logarithm Number System , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[12]  David A. H. Jacobs,et al.  The State of the Art in Numerical Analysis. , 1978 .

[13]  W. S. Brown.  A Simple but Realistic Model of Floating-Point Computation , 1981, TOMS.

[14]  William Kahan,et al.  The Near Orthogonality of Syntax, Semantics, and Diagnostics in Numerical Programming Environments, , 1982 .

[15]  Jerome Toby Coonen.  Contributions to a proposed standard for binary floating-point arithmetic (computer arithmetic) , 1984 .

[16]  James Demmel.  Underflow and the Reliability of Numerical Software , 1984 .

[17]  David G. Hough,et al.  A Proposed Radix- and Word-length-independent Standard for Floating-point Arithmetic , 1984, IEEE Micro.

[18]  William Kahan,et al.  Anomalies in the IBM ACRITH package , 1985, 1985 IEEE 7th Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (ARITH).

[19]  Peter Kornerup,et al.  Finite Precision Rational Arithmetic: Slash Number Systems , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[20]  W. Miranker,et al.  The arithmetic of the digital computer: A new approach , 1986 .

[21]  Alfred V. Aho,et al.  Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools , 1986, Addison-Wesley series in computer science / World student series edition.

[22]  Bjarne Stroustrup,et al.  C++ Programming Language , 1986, IEEE Softw..

[23]  Ulrich W. Kulisch,et al.  Arithmetic for vector processors , 1987, 1987 IEEE 8th Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (ARITH).

[24]  Ramon E. Moore.  Reliability in computing: the role of interval methods in scientific computing , 1988 .

[25]  Charles Farnum,et al.  Compiler support for floating‐point computation , 1988, Softw. Pract. Exp..

[26]  Greg Nelson,et al.  Systems programming in modula-3 , 1991 .

[27]  David Goldberg,et al.  What every computer scientist should know about floating-point arithmetic , 1991, CSUR.