A dynamic model of expert-novice co-adaptation during language learning and acquisition

The development of L1 and L2 are described as co-adaptation between an expert and a novice, based on the framework of complex dynamic systems. We present three dynamic models. The first focuses on L1 and describes the caregivers’ adaptation to the language level of the child, and the child's acquisition of the language as a form of adaptation to the level embodied in the language of the caregivers. The other models focus on L2 acquisition in the context of formally organized learning. The second model, scaffolding, is a coupled model of changing expert support and novice learning. The third model conceives of L2 teaching and learning as a process of joint action of two agents with common and competing concerns.