Towards the standardization of Enterococcus culture methods for waterborne antibiotic resistance monitoring: A critical review of trends across studies

[1]  J. Corander,et al.  The global dissemination of hospital clones of Enterococcus faecium , 2021, Genome medicine.

[2]  J. Corander,et al.  Apparent nosocomial adaptation of Enterococcus faecalis predates the modern hospital era , 2021, Nature Communications.

[3]  B. Li,et al.  Hospital Wastewater as a Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance Genes: A Meta-Analysis , 2020, Frontiers in Public Health.

[4]  M. Guida,et al.  A global multinational survey of cefotaxime-resistant coliforms in urban wastewater treatment plants. , 2020, Environment international.

[5]  T. Schwartz,et al.  Evaluation of antibiotic resistance dissemination by wastewater treatment plant effluents with different catchment areas in Germany , 2020, Scientific Reports.

[6]  J. Kreyenschmidt,et al.  Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial residues in wastewater and process water from German pig slaughterhouses and their receiving municipal wastewater treatment plants. , 2020, The Science of the total environment.

[7]  M. Momba,et al.  Environmental resistome risks of wastewaters and aquatic environments deciphered by shotgun metagenomic assembly. , 2020, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[8]  D. Church,et al.  Surveillance of Enterococcus spp. reveals distinct species and antimicrobial resistance diversity across a One-Health continuum , 2020, Scientific Reports.

[9]  M. Momba,et al.  Comparative genomics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. revealed common resistome determinants from hospital wastewater to aquatic environments. , 2020, The Science of the total environment.

[10]  D. Sano,et al.  Understanding human health risks caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in water environments: Current knowledge and questions to be answered , 2020 .

[11]  J. Frye,et al.  Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus from the Upper Oconee Watershed, Georgia , 2019, Journal of applied microbiology.

[12]  J. Edwards,et al.  Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with adult healthcare-associated infections: Summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2015–2017 , 2019, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.

[13]  Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019 , 2019 .

[14]  F. Baquero,et al.  Defining and combating antibiotic resistance from One Health and Global Health perspectives , 2019, Nature Microbiology.

[15]  K. Mcdermott,et al.  Comparison of biochemical and genotypic speciation methods for vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from urban wastewater treatment plants. , 2019, Journal of microbiological methods.

[16]  J. Corander,et al.  Detection of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium hospital-adapted lineages in municipal wastewater treatment plants indicates widespread distribution and release into the environment , 2019, Genome research.

[17]  Gabriella Caruso,et al.  Water quality assessment of transitional and coastal marine Sicilian waters (Italy): Ecological and epidemiological significance of multiple antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus spp. , 2019, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science.

[18]  D. Zühlke,et al.  A Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Enterococcus faecalis , 2019, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[19]  J. Corander,et al.  Genomic Surveillance of Enterococcus faecium Reveals Limited Sharing of Strains and Resistance Genes between Livestock and Humans in the United Kingdom , 2018, mBio.

[20]  Keith A Jolley,et al.  Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST.org website and their applications , 2018, Wellcome open research.

[21]  T. Pitkänen,et al.  Categorical performance characteristics of method ISO 7899-2 and indicator value of intestinal enterococci for bathing water quality monitoring. , 2018, Journal of water and health.

[22]  O. Ukoumunne,et al.  Exposure to and colonisation by antibiotic-resistant E. coli in UK coastal water users: Environmental surveillance, exposure assessment, and epidemiological study (Beach Bum Survey). , 2018, Environment international.

[23]  M. Ouellette,et al.  Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. , 2017, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[24]  Mohamed O Ahmed,et al.  Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Perspectives of Human and Animal Health. , 2017, Microbial drug resistance.

[25]  V. Oravcová,et al.  Vancomycin-resistant enterococci with vanA gene in treated municipal wastewater and their association with human hospital strains. , 2017, The Science of the total environment.

[26]  E. Kristiansson,et al.  Untreated urban waste contaminates Indian river sediments with resistance genes to last resort antibiotics. , 2017, Water research.

[27]  H. Hur,et al.  Environmental Escherichia coli: ecology and public health implications—a review , 2017, Journal of applied microbiology.

[28]  A. İlki,et al.  Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in stool specimens submitted for Clostridium difficile toxin testing , 2017, Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology].

[29]  Tetsuya Hayashi,et al.  Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Genotyping of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Collected from an Urban River Basin in the Provincial City of Miyazaki, Japan , 2017 .

[30]  Margaret A Dudeck,et al.  Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Associated With Healthcare-Associated Infections: Summary of Data Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011–2014 , 2016, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.

[31]  C. Bezuidenhout,et al.  Antibiotic resistance, efflux pump genes and virulence determinants in Enterococcus spp. from surface water systems , 2016, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[32]  R. Shanker,et al.  Multiplex PCR based genotypic characterization of pathogenic vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis recovered from an Indian river along a city landscape , 2016, SpringerPlus.

[33]  W. Hoogenboezem,et al.  Screening municipal wastewater effluent and surface water used for drinking water production for the presence of ampicillin and vancomycin resistant enterococci. , 2016, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[34]  Malbert R. C. Rogers,et al.  Global Emergence and Dissemination of Enterococci as Nosocomial Pathogens: Attack of the Clones? , 2016, Front. Microbiol..

[35]  Xin He,et al.  Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible Enterococcus spp. in reclaimed water used for spray irrigation. , 2016, Environmental research.

[36]  T. Davis,et al.  Rapid Devices and Instruments for the Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria , 2016 .

[37]  B. Willey,et al.  Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci , 2016 .

[38]  A. Boudabous,et al.  Diversity of enterococcal species and characterization of high-level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci of samples of wastewater and surface water in Tunisia. , 2015, The Science of the total environment.

[39]  N. Singhal,et al.  MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis , 2015, Front. Microbiol..

[40]  Jun Lin,et al.  Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance , 2015, Front. Microbiol..

[41]  Yoshihiro Suzuki,et al.  Identification of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis as vanC-type Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) from sewage and river water in the provincial city of Miyazaki, Japan , 2015, Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering.

[42]  C. Arias,et al.  Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in enterococci , 2014, Expert review of anti-infective therapy.

[43]  L. J. Bessa,et al.  High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in river water, upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant. , 2014, Journal of water and health.

[44]  D. Zimbler,et al.  Patterns and persistence of antibiotic resistance in faecal indicator bacteria from freshwater recreational beaches , 2014, Journal of applied microbiology.

[45]  M. Gilmore,et al.  Enterococci as Indicators of Environmental Fecal Contamination -- Enterococci: From Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection , 2014 .

[46]  M. Gilmore,et al.  Enterococcal Disease, Epidemiology, and Implications for Treatment -- Enterococci: From Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection , 2014 .

[47]  A. Sapkota,et al.  Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at four U.S. wastewater treatment plants that provide effluent for reuse. , 2014, The Science of the total environment.

[48]  S. Rogers,et al.  Hierarchal clustering yields insight into multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from a cattle feedlot wastewater treatment system , 2014, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.

[49]  E. Sadowy,et al.  Drug-resistant and hospital-associated Enterococcus faecium from wastewater, riverine estuary and anthropogenically impacted marine catchment basin , 2014, BMC Microbiology.

[50]  J. Surmacz-Górska,et al.  Resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. to selected antimicrobial agents present in municipal wastewater. , 2013, Journal of water and health.

[51]  G. Toranzos,et al.  Antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus isolated from tropical recreational waters. , 2013, Journal of water and health.

[52]  P. Maeng,et al.  Detection and genotyping of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in Korean aquatic environmental samples. , 2013, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[53]  S. Weisberg,et al.  Comparison of Enterococcus Species Diversity in Marine Water and Wastewater Using Enterolert and EPA Method 1600 , 2013, Journal of environmental and public health.

[54]  M. Mazari-Hiriart,et al.  Comparison of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated from Water and Clinical Samples: Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genetic Relationships , 2013, PloS one.

[55]  G. Usup,et al.  High-level aminoglycoside resistance and virulence characteristics among Enterococci isolated from recreational beaches in Malaysia , 2013, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.

[56]  R. Leclercq,et al.  Changes in Enterococcal Populations and Related Antibiotic Resistance along a Medical Center-Wastewater Treatment Plant-River Continuum , 2013, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[57]  Arjun Srinivasan,et al.  Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Associated with Healthcare-Associated Infections Summary of Data Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009–2010 , 2013, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.

[58]  Y. Iinuma.  [Enterococcus]. , 2020, Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine.

[59]  V. Harwood,et al.  Enterococci in the Environment , 2012, Microbiology and Molecular Reviews.

[60]  Xin He,et al.  Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Detected at Four U.S. Wastewater Treatment Plants , 2012, Environmental health perspectives.

[61]  L. Rice,et al.  Intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms in enterococcus , 2012, Virulence.

[62]  M. Hargreaves,et al.  Antibiotic resistance and virulence traits in clinical and environmental Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates. , 2012, Systematic and applied microbiology.

[63]  Cesar A. Arias,et al.  The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance , 2012, Nature Reviews Microbiology.

[64]  Syed A Hashsham,et al.  Criteria for Selection of Surrogates Used To Study the Fate and Control of Pathogens in the Environment , 2012, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[65]  G. Igrejas,et al.  Commensal gut bacteria: distribution of Enterococcus species and prevalence of Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups in animals and humans in Portugal , 2012, Annals of Microbiology.

[66]  A. Hendrickx,et al.  Intra- and Interspecies Genomic Transfer of the Enterococcus faecalis Pathogenicity Island , 2011, PloS one.

[67]  Nicholas J Ashbolt,et al.  Evaluating the importance of faecal sources in human-impacted waters. , 2011, Water research.

[68]  E. Topp,et al.  Distribution of selected virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus species isolated from the South Nation River drainage basin, Ontario, Canada , 2011, Journal of applied microbiology.

[69]  P. Fedorka-Cray,et al.  Prevalence, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from US dairy cattle , 2011, Letters in applied microbiology.

[70]  S. Weisberg,et al.  Comparison of Enterococcus species selectivity using Enterolert and EPA Method 1600 , 2011 .

[71]  G. Igrejas,et al.  Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci from Portuguese wastewater treatment plants , 2010, Journal of basic microbiology.

[72]  M. Hargreaves,et al.  Genotyping of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates by Use of a Set of Eight Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms , 2010, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[73]  Kelli L. Palmer,et al.  Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci Lack CRISPR-cas , 2010, mBio.

[74]  Timothy Bartrand,et al.  Estimated human health risks from exposure to recreational waters impacted by human and non-human sources of faecal contamination. , 2010, Water research.

[75]  K. Jankowska,et al.  Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from surface water. , 2010, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[76]  L. Hancock,et al.  Mechanism of chromosomal transfer of Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island, capsule, antimicrobial resistance, and other traits , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[77]  T. Mikalsen,et al.  Mobile genetic elements and their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. , 2010, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[78]  J. J. Borrego,et al.  Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters? , 2010, Journal of water and health.

[79]  A. Papa,et al.  Characterization of vanA‐type Enterococcus faecium isolates from urban and hospital wastewater and pigs , 2009, Journal of applied microbiology.

[80]  M. Boissinot,et al.  Analytical limits of three beta-glucosidase-based commercial culture methods used in environmental microbiology, to detect enterococci. , 2009, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[81]  A. Hidrón,et al.  Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Associated With Healthcare-Associated Infections: Annual Summary of Data Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006–2007 , 2008, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.

[82]  H. Taylor,et al.  Presence of vancomycin and ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium of epidemic clonal complex-17 in wastewaters from the south coast of England. , 2008, Environmental microbiology.

[83]  A. J. F. C. de Oliveira,et al.  Antimicrobial resistance and species composition of Enterococcus spp. isolated from waters and sands of marine recreational beaches in Southeastern Brazil. , 2008, Water research.

[84]  M. Yiangou,et al.  Molecular characterization of low-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci found in coastal water of Thermaikos Gulf, Northern Greece. , 2008, Water research.

[85]  Janetta Top,et al.  Emergence of Clonal Complex 17 Enterococcus faecium in The Netherlands , 2007, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[86]  F. Rahimi,et al.  Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcal Species in Sewage Treatment Plants in Iran , 2007 .

[87]  F. Curriero,et al.  Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococci and Fecal Indicators in Surface Water and Groundwater Impacted by a Concentrated Swine Feeding Operation , 2007, Environmental health perspectives.

[88]  O. Stine,et al.  Widespread distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in a confined animal feeding facility. , 2007, International journal of antimicrobial agents.

[89]  Janetta Top,et al.  Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Enterococcus faecalis Reveals Hospital-Adapted Genetic Complexes in a Background of High Rates of Recombination , 2006, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[90]  V. V. Sukhodolets,et al.  Speciation in bacteria: Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene for closely related Enterococcus species , 2006, Russian Journal of Genetics.

[91]  Alfred P. Dufour,et al.  Rapidly Measured Indicators of Recreational Water Quality Are Predictive of Swimming-Associated Gastrointestinal Illness , 2005, Environmental health perspectives.

[92]  A. Blanch,et al.  Distribution and persistence of fecal bacterial populations in liquid and dewatered sludge from a biological treatment plant. , 2005, The Journal of general and applied microbiology.

[93]  D. Ferguson,et al.  Enumeration and speciation of enterococci found in marine and intertidal sediments and coastal water in southern California , 2005, Journal of applied microbiology.

[94]  C. Gallert,et al.  Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in raw and biologically treated sewage and in groundwater below leaking sewers , 2005, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[95]  D. Gevers,et al.  Application of multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) for rapid identification of Enterococcus species based on rpoA and pheS genes. , 2005, Microbiology.

[96]  W. Kneifel,et al.  Comparison of Selective Media for the Enumeration of Probiotic Enterococci from Animal Feed , 2005 .

[97]  L. Peixe,et al.  Environmental Contamination with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci from Hospital Sewage in Portugal , 2005, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[98]  J. Morris,et al.  Multilocus Sequence Typing versus Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates , 2005, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[99]  P. Courvalin,et al.  Detection of the van Alphabet and Identification of Enterococci and Staphylococci at the Species Level by Multiplex PCR , 2004, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[100]  H. Goossens,et al.  Development of a Multiplex PCR for the Detection of asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl Genes in Enterococci and Survey for Virulence Determinants among European Hospital Isolates of Enterococcus faecium , 2004, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[101]  P. Fedorka-Cray,et al.  Use of a Genus- and Species-Specific Multiplex PCR for Identification of Enterococci , 2004, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[102]  Paul Oeth,et al.  MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry , 2004, Molecular biotechnology.

[103]  A. Dalsgaard,et al.  Occurrence, Structure, and Mobility of Tn1546-Like Elements in Environmental Isolates of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci , 2004, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[104]  S. Zanetti,et al.  Comparison of the incidence of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance between Enterococcus faecium strains of dairy, animal and clinical origin. , 2003, International journal of food microbiology.

[105]  A. Blanch,et al.  Comparison of enterococcal populations related to urban and hospital wastewater in various climatic and geographic European regions , 2003, Journal of applied microbiology.

[106]  J. Colford,et al.  Do U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2003, Environmental health perspectives.

[107]  T. D. Read,et al.  Role of Mobile DNA in the Evolution of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis , 2003, Science.

[108]  S. Gradus,et al.  Enterococci as Indicators of Lake Michigan Recreational Water Quality: Comparison of Two Methodologies and Their Impacts on Public Health Regulatory Events , 2003, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[109]  Michael S. Gilmore,et al.  Modulation of virulence within a pathogenicity island in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis , 2002, Nature.

[110]  D. Tribe,et al.  Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Enterococcus faecium , 2002, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[111]  A. Dalsgaard,et al.  Dissemination of vancomycin-resistant enterococci harboring vanA through disposal of waste derived from industrial production of vancomycin. , 2002, Microbial drug resistance.

[112]  C. Saint,et al.  Development of glucosidase agar for the confirmation of water-borne Enterococcus. , 2001, Water research.

[113]  A. Tsakris,et al.  Antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci isolated from coastal bathing waters. , 2001, Journal of medical microbiology.

[114]  V. Harwood,et al.  Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Wastewater and Chicken Feces in the United States , 2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[115]  M. Gasson,et al.  Molecular Screening of EnterococcusVirulence Determinants and Potential for Genetic Exchange between Food and Medical Isolates , 2001, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[116]  P. Gomez,et al.  Identification and antibiotic resistance of faecal enterococci isolated from water samples. , 2001 .

[117]  M. T. Tejedor Junco,et al.  Identification and antibiotic resistance of faecal enterococci isolated from water samples. , 2001, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[118]  G. Fitzgerald,et al.  A rapid PCR based method to distinguish between Lactococcus and Enterococcus. , 2000, Systematic and applied microbiology.

[119]  V. Harwood,et al.  Classification of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Indicator Bacteria by Discriminant Analysis: Use in Predicting the Source of Fecal Contamination in Subtropical Waters , 2000, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[120]  H. Kumon,et al.  Simple and Reliable Multiplex PCR Assay for Surveillance Isolates of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[121]  P. Trieu-Cuot,et al.  Sequencing the Gene Encoding Manganese-Dependent Superoxide Dismutase for Rapid Species Identification of Enterococci , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[122]  R. Szewzyk,et al.  [Antibiotic resistance in the environment]. , 2000, Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene.

[123]  P. H. Roy,et al.  Development of a PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Enterococci , 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[124]  Awwa,et al.  Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater , 1999 .

[125]  S. Abbott,et al.  Evaluation of Enterolert® for the enumeration of enterococci in the marine environment , 1998 .

[126]  Karl F. Eckner,et al.  Comparison of Membrane Filtration and Multiple-Tube Fermentation by the Colilert and Enterolert Methods for Detection of Waterborne Coliform Bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Enterococci Used in Drinking and Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in Southern Sweden , 1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[127]  J. Messer,et al.  A Rapid, Specific Membrane Filtration Procedure for Enumeration of Enterococci in Recreational Water , 1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[128]  A. Prüss.  Review of epidemiological studies on health effects from exposure to recreational water. , 1998, International journal of epidemiology.

[129]  B. Murray,et al.  Diversity among multidrug-resistant enterococci. , 1998, Emerging infectious diseases.

[130]  C. Fricker,et al.  Use of defined substrate technology and a novel procedure for estimating the numbers of enterococci in water , 1996 .

[131]  Gary E. Budnick,et al.  Evaluation of Enterolert for enumeration of enterococci in recreational waters , 1996, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[132]  J. J. Borrego,et al.  Modification of kanamycin-esculin-azide agar to improve selectivity in the enumeration of fecal streptococci from water samples , 1995, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[133]  N Woodford,et al.  Current perspectives on glycopeptide resistance , 1995, Clinical microbiology reviews.

[134]  J. J. Borrego,et al.  Evaluation of media for the enumeration of faecal streptococci from natural water samples , 1995 .

[135]  P. Courvalin,et al.  Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR , 1995, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[136]  S. Hammonds.  Antibiotic resistance profiling. , 1995, Methods in molecular biology.

[137]  P. Courvalin,et al.  Analysis of genes encoding D-alanine-D-alanine ligase-related enzymes in Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus flavescens , 1994, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[138]  R. Moellering.  Emergence of Enterococcus as a significant pathogen. , 1992, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[139]  M. Arthur,et al.  Sequence of the vanC gene of Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 encoding a D-alanine:D-alanine ligase-related protein necessary for vancomycin resistance. , 1992, Gene.

[140]  S. Amyes,et al.  Antibiotic resistance in bacteria. , 1992, Journal of medical microbiology.

[141]  B. Murray.  The life and times of the Enterococcus , 1990, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[142]  M. Collins,et al.  Identification of Enterococcus species isolated from human infections by a conventional test scheme , 1989, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[143]  G. M. Hardy,et al.  Comparison of selective media for the enumeration and identification of fecal streptococci from natural sources. , 1980, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[144]  M. Brodsky,et al.  Evaluation of Pfizer selective enterococcus and KF media for recovery of fecal streptococci from water by membrane filtration , 1976, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[145]  M. Levin,et al.  Membrane filter technique for enumeration of enterococci in marine waters. , 1975, Applied microbiology.

[146]  M. Levin,et al.  Membrane Filter Technique for Enumeration of Enterococci in Marine Waters , 1975 .