The effects of thionyl chloride on the properties of graphene and graphene–carbon nanotube composites

Anionic dopants have been used to reduce the overall sheet resistance of carbon nanotube and graphene films for transparent conductor applications. These enhanced electronic properties are attributed to an increased number of p-type charge carriers. While there have been many reports of its use, there is little reported insight into the chemical interactions of a commonly used dopant, thionyl chloride (SOCl2), with pristine graphene and its chemically converted derivatives. Here, we explore the effects of thionyl chloride on the physical and chemical properties of graphene and hybrid graphene–carbon nanotube films, focusing on how the changes in conductivity correlate to the morphology of chemically converted graphene and carbon nanotube composites.

[1]  Kwang S. Kim,et al.  Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes. , 2010, Nature nanotechnology.

[2]  G. Tulevski,et al.  Chemical doping of large-area stacked graphene films for use as transparent, conducting electrodes. , 2010, ACS nano.

[3]  Young Hee Lee,et al.  Enhancing the conductivity of transparent graphene films via doping , 2010, Nanotechnology.

[4]  R. Kaner,et al.  Graphene, a promising transparent conductor , 2010 .

[5]  M. Dresselhaus,et al.  Perspectives on carbon nanotubes and graphene Raman spectroscopy. , 2010, Nano letters.

[6]  Philip Kim,et al.  Charge transfer chemical doping of few layer graphenes: charge distribution and band gap formation. , 2009, Nano letters.

[7]  Kang L. Wang,et al.  Chemically induced folding of single and bilayer graphene. , 2009, Chemical communications.

[8]  Yang Yang,et al.  Low-temperature solution processing of graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid materials for high-performance transparent conductors. , 2009, Nano letters.

[9]  Yang Yang,et al.  High-throughput solution processing of large-scale graphene. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[10]  G. Eda,et al.  Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[11]  K. Novoselov,et al.  Graphene-based liquid crystal device. , 2008, Nano letters.

[12]  A. Benayad,et al.  Tailoring electronic structures of carbon nanotubes by solvent with electron-donating and -withdrawing groups. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[13]  A. Ferrari,et al.  Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: Disorder, electron phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects , 2007 .

[14]  Young Hee Lee,et al.  Effect of acid treatment on carbon nanotube-based flexible transparent conducting films. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[15]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[16]  Husnu Emrah Unalan,et al.  Conducting and transparent single-wall carbon nanotube electrodes for polymer-fullerene solar cells , 2005 .

[17]  David Tománek,et al.  Effect of SOCl2 treatment on electrical and mechanical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube networks. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films , 2004, Science.

[19]  John R. Reynolds,et al.  Transparent, Conductive Carbon Nanotube Films , 2004, Science.

[20]  A. Rinzler,et al.  Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes for p-Type Ohmic Contacts to GaN Light-Emitting Diodes , 2004 .

[21]  M. Itkis,et al.  Dissolution of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes , 1999 .

[22]  A. M. Rao,et al.  Evidence for charge transfer in doped carbon nanotube bundles from Raman scattering , 1997, Nature.