Expression of LIF and LIFR in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement.

OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and LIF receptor (LIFR) are expressed in periodontal tissue and that their expression may be upregulated during orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forces of 0.3 N were applied to move the upper left first molars mesially in 24 rats. These forces were kept constant for 3, 7, and 14 days and followed by animal sacrifice. The contralateral molars served as control. The rate of tooth movement was measured by Image J software. Paraffin-embedded sections of the upper jaws were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical analysis to test the LIF and LIFR expression. RESULTS Loaded teeth showed a significantly higher rate of tooth movement. The periodontium of the moved teeth experienced tissue remodeling, while there was no obvious change in the contralateral controls. Furthermore, LIF and LIFR were expressed in the periodontal tissue, and there were statistically significant differences between the loaded and unloaded teeth at 3 and 14 days. LIF presented significantly higher expression on the tension side compared with the pressure side at 3 days. CONCLUSION Both LIF and LIFR exist in the periodontal tissue, and continuous orthodontic forces induce the upregulation of LIF/LIFR production, suggesting that LIF/LIFR may play important roles in periodontium remodeling.

[1]  P. Novaes,et al.  Immunolocalization of CSF-1, RANKL and OPG in the enamel-related periodontium of the rat incisor and their implications for alveolar bone remodeling. , 2009, Archives of oral biology.

[2]  Z. Davidovitch,et al.  On a Path to Unfolding the Biological Mechanisms of Orthodontic Tooth Movement , 2009, Journal of dental research.

[3]  Suzanne Zeitouni,et al.  Leukemia inhibitory factor secretion is a predictor and indicator of early progenitor status in adult bone marrow stromal cells. , 2009, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[4]  E. Wagner,et al.  Osteoclast size is controlled by Fra-2 through LIF/LIF-receptor signalling and hypoxia , 2008, Nature.

[5]  U. Lerner,et al.  IL-1β and TNF-α Regulate IL-6-type Cytokines in Gingival Fibroblasts , 2008 .

[6]  G. Garlet,et al.  Differential expression of osteoblast and osteoclast chemmoatractants in compression and tension sides during orthodontic movement. , 2008, Cytokine.

[7]  G. Wise,et al.  Mechanisms of Tooth Eruption and Orthodontic Tooth Movement , 2008, Journal of dental research.

[8]  U. Lerner,et al.  IL-1beta and TNF-alpha regulate IL-6-type cytokines in gingival fibroblasts. , 2008, Journal of dental research.

[9]  G. Garlet,et al.  Cytokine expression pattern in compression and tension sides of the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement in humans. , 2007, European journal of oral sciences.

[10]  J. Aubin,et al.  LIF Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation at Least in Part by Regulation of HAS2 and Its Product Hyaluronan , 2007, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[11]  E. Berggreen,et al.  Interleukin-1α and tumor necrosis factor-α expression during the early phases of orthodontic tooth movement in rats , 2006 .

[12]  Reem A. Kanaan,et al.  Transforming growth factor beta1, bone connection. , 2006, Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research.

[13]  C. Rhee,et al.  Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Sp1 in human fibrosarcoma cells. , 2006, Molecular cancer research : MCR.

[14]  E. Berggreen,et al.  Interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression during the early phases of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. , 2006, European journal of oral sciences.

[15]  Min Liu,et al.  MKK3/6—p38 MAPK negatively regulates murine MMP-13 gene expression induced by IL-1β and TNF-α in immortalized periodontal ligament fibroblasts , 2005 .

[16]  C. Bourauel,et al.  Early Responses of Periodontal Ligament Cells to Mechanical Stimulus in vivo , 2005, Journal of dental research.

[17]  A. Mauviel,et al.  Crosstalk mechanisms between the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and Smad signaling downstream of TGF-β: implications for carcinogenesis , 2005, Oncogene.

[18]  J. Aubin,et al.  GP130/OSMR is the only LIF/IL‐6 family receptor complex to promote osteoblast differentiation of calvaria progenitors , 2005, Journal of cellular physiology.

[19]  Min Liu,et al.  MKK3/6-p38 MAPK negatively regulates murine MMP-13 gene expression induced by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in immortalized periodontal ligament fibroblasts. , 2005, Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology.

[20]  T. Aigner,et al.  IL-1β induction of IL-6 and LIF in normal articular human chondrocytes involves the ERK, p38 and NFκB signaling pathways , 2004 .

[21]  T. Aigner,et al.  IL-1beta induction of IL-6 and LIF in normal articular human chondrocytes involves the ERK, p38 and NFkappaB signaling pathways. , 2004, Cytokine.

[22]  H. Mitani,et al.  Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 Genes in the Periodontal Ligament during Tooth Movement in Rats , 2003, Journal of dental research.

[23]  P. Gallagher,et al.  Fluid shear stress inhibits TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis in osteoblasts: A role for fluid shear stress‐induced activation of PI3‐kinase and inhibition of caspase‐3 , 2003, Journal of cellular physiology.

[24]  U. Lerner,et al.  IL-6, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, and Oncostatin M Stimulate Bone Resorption and Regulate the Expression of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, and Receptor Activator of NF-κB in Mouse Calvariae1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[25]  J. Aubin,et al.  Biphasic effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on osteoblastic differentiation * , 2001, Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement.

[26]  S. Melmed,et al.  Leukemia-inhibitory factor-neuroimmune modulator of endocrine function. , 2000, Endocrine reviews.

[27]  D. Heymann,et al.  Presence of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and LIF-receptor chain (gp190) in osteoclast-like cells cultured from human giant cell tumour of bone. Ultrastructural distribution. , 1999, Cytokine.

[28]  E. Canalis,et al.  Leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M stimulate collagenase-3 expression in osteoblasts. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[29]  I. Reid,et al.  Leukemia inhibitory factor is mitogenic to osteoblasts. , 1997, Bone.

[30]  H. Donahue,et al.  Regulation of cytokine expression in osteoblasts by parathyroid hormone: Rapid stimulation of interleukin‐6 and leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA , 1993, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[31]  D. Hilton,et al.  Osteoblasts display receptors for and responses to leukemia‐inhibitory factor , 1990, Journal of cellular physiology.

[32]  G. Rodan,et al.  Leukemia inhibitory factor suppresses proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and type I collagen messenger ribonucleic acid level and enhances osteopontin mRNA level in murine osteoblast-like (MC3T3E1) cells. , 1990, Endocrinology.

[33]  Y. Ishimi,et al.  Differentiation-inducing factor purified from conditioned medium of mitogen-treated spleen cell cultures stimulates bone resorption. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.