Tennis Technologies: De-Skilling and Re-Skilling Players and the Implications for the Game

Among different kinds of performance-altering technologies in elite sport it is important to include those that dehumanize performance, improve safety and reduce harm, increase spectatorship and increase participation. This essay explores whether tennis racket technology de-skills and/or re-skills elite male tennis players and the implications of such technology for the game. I reflect critically on the empirical work of scientists and technologists that relates to performance-altering technologies and service dominance in elite male tennis. In particular, I also intend to explore the extent of effect the proposal to abolish the second service will have on the game. I conclude that allowing ‘one serve only’ would change the fundamental character of the game. Maintaining the status quo of two serves (potentially) per point retains the strategic and cognitive complexity of the game. It is imperative that technological and technical innovations do not compromise the nature of the good game.

[1]  W. Bean Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy , 1961 .

[2]  S. Wood,et al.  The Degradation of work? : skill, deskilling and the labour process , 1983 .

[3]  R. Jacoby Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century , 1976, Telos.

[4]  Steve Haake,et al.  Tennis Science and Technology , 2000 .

[5]  What Counts As Part of a Game? A Look at Skills , 2000 .

[6]  G. Foster,et al.  A Sporting Chance: Relationships Between Technological Change and Concepts of Fair Play in Fishing , 1986 .

[7]  Can Cheaters Play the Game , 1981 .

[8]  Michael Walzer,et al.  Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad , 1994 .

[9]  F. D’Agostino The Ethos of Games , 1981 .

[10]  Jan R. Magnus,et al.  How to reduce the service dominance in tennis? Empirical results from four years at Wimbledon , 2000 .

[11]  J. Rintala SPORT AND TECHNOLOGY: HUMAN QUESTIONS IN A WORLD OF MACHINES , 1995 .

[12]  Steven P. Vallas,et al.  The Nature of Work , 1936 .

[13]  A. Kraak Uneven capitalist development: A case study of deskilling and reskilling in South Africa's metal industry , 1987 .

[14]  N. J. Johnson,et al.  Foul Play: Drug Abuse in Sports , 1986 .

[15]  H. Braverman Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century , 1996 .

[16]  Roger Gardner,et al.  On Performance-Enhancing Substances and the Unfair Advantage Argument , 1989 .

[17]  Heinz Kraft,et al.  Speed Training for Tennis , 2001 .

[18]  Rachel Jones Fair play , 2003, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[19]  A. Schneider,et al.  Fair Play as Respect for the Game , 1998 .

[20]  Murray L. Wax,et al.  After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. , 1981 .

[21]  Stephen Wood,et al.  The Degradation of Work? Skill, Deskilling and the Labour Process , 1983 .

[22]  DESKILLING ENGINEERS? THE LABOR PROCESS, LABOR MARKETS, AND LABOR SEGMENTATION* , 1984 .

[23]  Tudor O. Bompa,et al.  Theory and Methodology of Training: The Key to Athletic Performance , 1983 .

[24]  I. Scheffler Conditions of Knowledge: An Introduction to Epistemology and Education , 1983 .

[25]  A Sporting Chance,et al.  A sporting chance , 2007, Nature.

[26]  M. McNamee,et al.  Fair Play and the Ethos of Sports: An Eclectic Philosophical Framework , 2000 .

[27]  A. Edel,et al.  After virtue, a study in moral theory , 1983 .

[28]  W. Morgan The Logical Incompatibility Thesis and Rules: A Reconsideration of Formalism as an Account of Games , 1987 .

[29]  G. Ryle,et al.  The concept of mind. , 2004, The International journal of psycho-analysis.

[30]  S. Loland,et al.  Fair Play in Sport: A Moral Norm System , 2001 .