DRP: An energy‐efficient routing protocol for underwater sensor networks

Summary The features of transmissions in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) include lower transmission rate, longer delay time, and higher power consumption when compared with terrestrial radio transmissions. The negative effects of transmission collisions deteriorate in such environments. Existing UWSN routing protocols do not consider the transmission collision probability differences resulting from different transmission distances. In this paper, we show that collision probability plays an important role in route selection and propose an energy-efficient routing protocol (DRP), which considers the distance-varied collision probability as well as each node's residual energy. Considering these 2 issues, DRP can find a path with high successful transmission rate and high-residual energy. In fact, DRP can find the path producing the longest network lifetime, which we have confirmed through theoretical analysis. To the best of our knowledge, DRP is the first UWSN routing protocol that uses transmission collision probability as a factor in route selection. Simulation results verify that DRP extends network lifetime, increases network throughput, and reduces end-to-end delay when compared with solutions without considering distance-varied collision probability or residual energy.

[1]  E Gallimore,et al.  The WHOI micromodem-2: A scalable system for acoustic communications and networking , 2010, OCEANS 2010 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE.

[2]  Brian Neil Levine,et al.  A survey of practical issues in underwater networks , 2006, MOCO.

[3]  Jiejun Kong,et al.  The challenges of building mobile underwater wireless networks for aquatic applications , 2006, IEEE Network.

[4]  Mohammed Feham,et al.  Energy efficient routing for Mobile underwater wireless sensor networks , 2015, 2015 12th International Symposium on Programming and Systems (ISPS).

[5]  Yang Qi-liang,et al.  A reliable and efficient routing protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems.

[6]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  Acoustic (Underwater) Communications , 2003 .

[7]  Dongkyun Kim,et al.  DFR: Directional flooding-based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks , 2008, OCEANS 2008.

[8]  Azzedine Boukerche,et al.  Geographic and Opportunistic Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[9]  Mohammad S. Obaidat,et al.  Effects of Wind-Induced Near-Surface Bubble Plumes on the Performance of Underwater Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks , 2016, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[10]  Mohsen Guizani,et al.  Routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks , 2015, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[11]  Sudip Misra,et al.  Performance analysis of distributed underwater wireless acoustic sensor networks systems in the presence of internal solitons , 2016, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[12]  Mohammed Feham,et al.  Geographic routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2014, ArXiv.

[13]  Chao Li,et al.  Improving Both Energy and Time Efficiency of Depth-Based Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[14]  Peng Xie,et al.  VBF: Vector-Based Forwarding Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2006, Networking.

[15]  Mohammad S. Obaidat,et al.  Oceanic forces and their impact on the performance of mobile underwater acoustic sensor networks , 2017, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[16]  Kuo-Feng Ssu,et al.  An energy-efficient routing protocol in underwater sensor networks , 2008, 2008 3rd International Conference on Sensing Technology.

[17]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  Shallow-Water Acoustic Networks† , 2003 .

[18]  Mario Marchese,et al.  Statistical fingerprint‐based intrusion detection system (SF‐IDS) , 2017, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[19]  Mario Gerla,et al.  The Meandering Current Mobility Model and its Impact on Underwater Mobile Sensor Networks , 2008, IEEE INFOCOM 2008 - The 27th Conference on Computer Communications.

[20]  Jun-Hong Cui,et al.  Improving the Robustness of Location-Based Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2007, OCEANS 2007 - Europe.

[21]  Yuh-Shyan Chen,et al.  A mobicast routing protocol in underwater sensor networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[22]  Joongseok Park,et al.  Maximum Lifetime Routing In Wireless Sensor Networks ∗ , 2005 .

[23]  Dongkyun Kim,et al.  A reliable and energy‐efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks , 2014, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[24]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Maximum lifetime routing in wireless sensor networks , 2004, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[25]  Sudip Misra,et al.  Game-Theoretic Topology Controlfor Opportunistic Localization in Sparse Underwater Sensor Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[26]  Alagan Anpalagan,et al.  Localization in terrestrial and underwater sensor-based m2m communication networks: architecture, classification and challenges , 2017, Int. J. Commun. Syst..

[27]  U. Qasim,et al.  Cooperative partner nodes selection criteria for cooperative routing in underwater WSNs , 2015, 2015 5th National Symposium on Information Technology: Towards New Smart World (NSITNSW).

[28]  Dongkyun Kim,et al.  An energy-efficient routing protocol for UWSNs using physical distance and residual energy , 2011, OCEANS 2011 IEEE - Spain.

[29]  Yunsi Fei,et al.  QELAR: A Machine-Learning-Based Adaptive Routing Protocol for Energy-Efficient and Lifetime-Extended Underwater Sensor Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[30]  Yuan Li,et al.  Research challenges and applications for underwater sensor networking , 2006, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2006. WCNC 2006..

[31]  Sudip Misra,et al.  Tic-Tac-Toe-Arch: a self-organising virtual architecture for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2013, IET Wirel. Sens. Syst..

[32]  Michel Barbeau,et al.  Location-free link state routing for underwater acoustic sensor networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE 28th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE).

[33]  S. Singh,et al.  The WHOI micro-modem: an acoustic communications and navigation system for multiple platforms , 2005, Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE.

[34]  Mohammad S. Obaidat,et al.  Optimizing Energy through Parabola Based Routing in Underwater Sensor Networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011.

[35]  Jun-Hong Cui,et al.  DBR: Depth-Based Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2008, Networking.

[36]  Dongkyun Kim,et al.  DFR: an efficient directional flooding-based routing protocol in underwater sensor networks , 2012, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[37]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Pressure Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2010, 2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[38]  Chih-Min Chao,et al.  Multiple-Rendezvous Multichannel MAC Protocol Design for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems.

[39]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  State of the art in protocol research for underwater acoustic sensor networks , 2006, MOCO.

[40]  Tor Arne Reinen,et al.  The underwater GPS problem , 2011, OCEANS 2011 IEEE - Spain.