An architecture for ink annotations on Web documents

There have been recent improvements in document technologies like the standardization of object interfaces to access and manipulate the properties of Web documents. There has also been significant progress in pen based computing for recognition of digital ink in desktops, tablets and handheld devices. These have necessitated a need for further research on annotation architectures for digital documents, specifically pen-based annotation systems. This paper presents an attempt to leverage the new standards of DHTML and W3C DOM that are being gradually implemented by popular browsers, to build a prototype of an ink annotation system with common components across browsers. One of the primary goals in this study is to semantically link ink data with underlying document elements like text and images. The system has three components: a) ink capture and rendering b) Ink Understanding, which recognizes and associates ink with the underlying document; and c) Ink storage and retrieval.

[1]  Marja-Riitta Koivunen,et al.  Annotea: an open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations , 2001, WWW '01.

[2]  Bo Yu,et al.  A domain-independent system for sketch recognition , 2003, GRAPHITE '03.

[3]  Proceedings Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition , 2003, Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[4]  David Bargeron,et al.  Robust annotation positioning in digital documents , 2001, CHI.

[5]  Robert Wilensky,et al.  Robust intra-document locations , 2000, Comput. Networks.

[6]  Robert Wilensky,et al.  Multivalent Annotations , 1997, ECDL.

[7]  Anoop Gupta,et al.  Using Web annotations for asynchronous collaboration around documents , 2000, CSCW '00.

[8]  Mark D. Gross,et al.  Distributed architectures for pen-based input and diagram recognition , 1996, AVI '96.

[9]  Toshio Hirotsu,et al.  Cmew/U-a multimedia Web annotation sharing system , 1999, Proceedings of IEEE. IEEE Region 10 Conference. TENCON 99. 'Multimedia Technology for Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure' (Cat. No.99CH37030).

[10]  Bill N. Schilit,et al.  Beyond paper: supporting active reading with free form digital ink annotations , 1998, CHI.

[11]  Alan Borning,et al.  Annotating digital documents for asynchronous collaboration , 2002 .

[12]  Eric Prud'hommeaux,et al.  Annotea: an open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations , 2002, Comput. Networks.

[13]  D. Flannanghan.  JavaScript: The definitive guide , 1999 .

[14]  Venu Vasudevan,et al.  On Web annotations: promises and pitfalls of current Web infrastructure , 1999, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences. 1999. HICSS-32. Abstracts and CD-ROM of Full Papers.

[15]  Richard O. Duda,et al.  Pattern classification and scene analysis , 1974, A Wiley-Interscience publication.

[16]  James A. Landay,et al.  SATIN: a toolkit for informal ink-based applications , 2000, UIST '00.

[17]  Anoop Gupta,et al.  A Common Annotation Framework , 2001 .

[18]  Laurent Denoue,et al.  An annotation tool for Web browsers and its applications to information retrieval , 2000, RIAO.

[19]  Kaj Grønbæk,et al.  Fluid annotations through open hypermedia: using and extending emerging web standards , 2002, WWW '02.