Chapter 4 Finite Element Methods

examples for estimators are (26) and (27), which involve dual norms of the residual (25). Notice carefully that R := F − a(ũ, ·) is a bounded linear functional in V , written R ∈ V ∗, and hence the dual norm ‖R‖V ∗ := sup v∈V \{0} R(v) ‖v‖a = sup v∈V \{0} a(e, v) ‖v‖a = ‖e‖a 0 and interested in a stopping criterion (of successively adapted mesh refinements)

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