Handwritten word image matching based on Heat Kernel Signature

Keyword Spotting is an alternative method for retrieving query words, without Optical Character Recognition (OCR), by calculating the similarity between features of word images rather than ASCII content. However, because of unconstrained writing styles with large variations, the retrieving results are always not very satisfactory.

[1]  Niklas Peinecke,et al.  Laplace-Beltrami spectra as 'Shape-DNA' of surfaces and solids , 2006, Comput. Aided Des..

[2]  David G. Lowe,et al.  Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[3]  Iasonas Kokkinos,et al.  Scale-invariant heat kernel signatures for non-rigid shape recognition , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[4]  Giuseppe Patanè,et al.  wFEM heat kernel: Discretization and applications to shape analysis and retrieval , 2013, Comput. Aided Geom. Des..

[5]  Raif M. Rustamov,et al.  Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions for deformation invariant shape representation , 2007 .

[6]  R. Manmatha,et al.  Features for word spotting in historical manuscripts , 2003, Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[7]  Ulrich Pinkall,et al.  Computing Discrete Minimal Surfaces and Their Conjugates , 1993, Exp. Math..

[8]  F. Perronnin,et al.  Local gradient histogram features for word spotting in unconstrained handwritten documents , 2008 .

[9]  Leonidas J. Guibas,et al.  A concise and provably informative multi-scale signature based on heat diffusion , 2009 .

[10]  BengioSamy,et al.  Offline Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Texts Using HMMs and Statistical Language Models , 2004 .

[11]  Edward M. Riseman,et al.  Word spotting: a new approach to indexing handwriting , 1996, Proceedings CVPR IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[12]  Tony Lindeberg,et al.  Feature Detection with Automatic Scale Selection , 1998, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[13]  Josep Lladós,et al.  Browsing Heterogeneous Document Collections by a Segmentation-Free Word Spotting Method , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[14]  Xi Zhang,et al.  Segmentation-Free Keyword Spotting for Handwritten Documents Based on Heat Kernel Signature , 2013, 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[15]  Il-Seok Oh,et al.  Segmentation-free word spotting using SIFT , 2012, 2012 IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation.

[16]  Samy Bengio,et al.  Offline recognition of unconstrained handwritten texts using HMMs and statistical language models , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[17]  Matthijs C. Dorst.  Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints , 2011 .

[18]  Andreas Keller,et al.  HMM-based Word Spotting in Handwritten Documents Using Subword Models , 2010, 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[19]  R. Manmatha,et al.  Word spotting for historical documents , 2006, International Journal of Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR).

[20]  Horst Bunke,et al.  The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition , 2002, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition.

[21]  Francesc Moreno-Noguer,et al.  Deformation and illumination invariant feature point descriptor , 2011, CVPR 2011.

[22]  Christopher G. Harris,et al.  A Combined Corner and Edge Detector , 1988, Alvey Vision Conference.