On the modelling of bubble plumes in a liquid pool

Abstract Turbulent, bubble plumes are investigated numerically using the commercial, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code CFX-F3D. A six-equation, two-fluid model approach is adopted, in which interphase momentum exchange models include buoyancy, drag, added mass, lift and turbulent dispersion effects. Particular attention is paid to turbulence modelling, in which generation and dissipation resulting from interaction between bubbles and liquid are specifically taken into account within the context of an extended k  −  ϵ turbulence model. Results from a number of calculations are presented and compared against published, experimental bubble plume data. It is suggested that existing bubble/liquid interaction models for plumes may be grouped into three categories: those which produce lateral bubble spreading, those which diffuse the ambient liquid velocity field, and those which couple the plume to the surrounding liquid and thereby ultimately govern the pool mixing behaviour.

[1]  Donald A. Drew,et al.  The virtual mass and lift force on a sphere in rotating and straining inviscid flow , 1987 .

[2]  J. K. Brimacombe,et al.  Measurement of physical characteristics of bubbles in gas-liquid plumes: Part II. Local properties of turbulent air-water plumes in vertically injected jets , 1987 .

[3]  Gordon A. Irons,et al.  The impact of bubble dynamics on the flow in plumes of ladle water models , 1995 .

[4]  Manabu Iguchi,et al.  Measurement of bubble characteristics in a molten iron bath at 1600 °C using an electroresistivity probe , 1995 .

[5]  W. J. Turner,et al.  Applicability of the standard k-ϵ turbulence model to gas-stirred baths , 1988 .

[6]  T. L. Cook,et al.  VORT: A computer code for bubbly two-phase flow , 1984 .

[7]  R. Lahey,et al.  Phase distribution in bubbly two-phase flow in vertical ducts , 1994 .

[8]  Malcolm R. Davidson,et al.  Numerical calculations of two-phase flow in a liquid bath with bottom gas injection: The central plume , 1990 .

[9]  T. B. King,et al.  Fluid dynamics of vertical submerged gas jets in liquid metal processing systems , 1982 .

[10]  Donald A. Drew,et al.  Phase Distribution Mechanisms in Turbulent Two-Phase Flow in Channels of Arbitrary Cross Section , 1981 .

[11]  D. J. Weber,et al.  Characteristics of round vertical gas bubble jets , 1985 .

[12]  M. P. Schwarz.  Simulation of gas injection into liquid melts , 1996 .

[13]  Donald A. Drew,et al.  Phase-distribution mechanisms in turbulent low-quality two-phase flow in a circular pipe , 1982, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[14]  J. K. Brimacombe,et al.  Plume characteristics and liquid circulation in gas injection through a porous plug , 1990 .

[15]  G. A. Irons,et al.  A combined laser Doppler anemometry and electrical probe diagnostic for bubbly two-phase flow , 1991 .

[16]  M. Kawakami,et al.  Dispersion of bubbles in molten iron and the nitrogen transfer in the bubble dispersion zone at 1 250.DEG.C. , 1985 .

[17]  M. Ishii.  Thermo-fluid dynamic theory of two-phase flow , 1975 .

[18]  Mamoru Ishii,et al.  Two-fluid model and hydrodynamic constitutive relations , 1984 .

[19]  Julian Szekely,et al.  The modeling of gas-bubble driven circulations systems. , 1990 .

[20]  Francis H. Harlow,et al.  Turbulence in multiphase flow , 1988 .

[21]  Roderick I. L. Guthrie,et al.  The Physical and Mathematical Modelling of Gas Stirred Ladle Systems , 1995 .

[22]  F. Durst,et al.  Bubble-driven liquid flows , 1986, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[23]  Gordon A. Irons,et al.  Measurement and modeling of turbulence in the gas/liquid two-phase zone during gas injection , 1993 .

[24]  G. Wallis.  One Dimensional Two-Phase Flow , 1969 .

[25]  Manabu Iguchi,et al.  Bubble and liquid flow characteristics in a vertical bubbling jet , 1995 .

[26]  Gordon A. Irons,et al.  Measurements of the internal structure of gas-liquid plumes , 1992 .

[27]  D. B. Spalding,et al.  A two-fluid model of turbulence and its application to heated plane jets and wakes , 1984 .

[28]  J. Szekely,et al.  A Comparison of Experimentally Measured and Theoretically Calculated Velocity Fields in a Water Model of an Argon Stirred Ladle. , 1993 .

[29]  Roderick I. L. Guthrie,et al.  Numerical computation of flow and mixing in ladle metallurgy steelmaking operations (C.A.S. method) , 1986 .

[30]  Michio Sadatomi,et al.  Momentum and heat transfer in two-phase bubble flow—I. Theory , 1981 .

[31]  J. K. Brimacombe,et al.  Measurement of physical characteristics of bubbles in gas-liquid plumes: Part I. An improved electroresistivity probe technique , 1987 .