Changes within the GH/IGF-I/IGFBP axis in critical illness.

[1]  A. Sommer,et al.  Effects of combined recombinant insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein-3 in type 2 diabetic patients on glycemic control and distribution of IGF-I and IGF-II among serum binding protein complexes. , 2007, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[2]  D. Dunger,et al.  Therapeutic aspects of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor‐I treatment on visceral fat and insulin sensitivity in adults , 2007, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism.

[3]  Miet Schetz,et al.  Intensive Insulin Therapy in Mixed Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Units , 2006, Diabetes.

[4]  K. Ho,et al.  Modulation of growth hormone action by sex steroids , 2006, Clinical endocrinology.

[5]  C. Longcope,et al.  Increases in serum estrogen levels during major illness are caused by increased peripheral aromatization. , 2006, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[6]  D. Clemmons Clinical utility of measurements of insulin-like growth factor 1 , 2006, Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology &Metabolism.

[7]  Andrzej Bartke,et al.  Targeted disruption of growth hormone receptor interferes with the beneficial actions of calorie restriction , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  P. Déchelotte,et al.  L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide–supplemented total parenteral nutrition reduces infectious complications and glucose intolerance in critically ill patients: The French controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study* , 2006, Critical care medicine.

[10]  K. Kangawa,et al.  Drug Insight: the functions of ghrelin and its potential as a multitherapeutic hormone , 2006, Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology &Metabolism.

[11]  A. Dona,et al.  Activity of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Axis in Critically Ill Children , 2005, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[12]  C. Kenyon The Plasticity of Aging: Insights from Long-Lived Mutants , 2005, Cell.

[13]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Regulation of the somatotropic axis by intensive insulin therapy during protracted critical illness. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[14]  K. Nakao,et al.  Alterations of plasma ghrelin levels in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced wasting syndrome and effects of ghrelin treatment on the syndrome. , 2003, Endocrinology.

[15]  Oksana Gavrilova,et al.  Insulin resistance in the liver-specific IGF-1 gene-deleted mouse is abrogated by deletion of the acid-labile subunit of the IGF-binding protein-3 complex: relative roles of growth hormone and IGF-1 in insulin resistance. , 2003, Diabetes.

[16]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Growth hormone modulation of the rat hepatic bile transporter system in endotoxin-induced cholestasis. , 2003, Endocrinology.

[17]  J. Veldhuis A Tripeptidyl Ensemble Perspective of Interactive Control of Growth Hormone Secretion , 2003, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[18]  G. Brabant Insulin-like growth factor-I: marker for diagnosis of acromegaly and monitoring the efficacy of treatment. , 2003, European journal of endocrinology.

[19]  P. Sönksen,et al.  The role of the growth hormone–insulin‐like growth factor axis in glucose homeostasis , 2003, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[20]  C. Hinds,et al.  Anabolic strategies in critical illness. , 2002, Current opinion in pharmacology.

[21]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 during protracted critical illness. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[22]  R. Baxter,et al.  Cellular actions of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. , 2002, Endocrine reviews.

[23]  G. Berghe Dynamic neuroendocrine responses to critical illness , 2002, Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology.

[24]  A. Avenell,et al.  Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: A systematic review of the evidence* , 2002, Critical care medicine.

[25]  W. Hop,et al.  Acute stress response in children with meningococcal sepsis: important differences in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis between nonsurvivors and survivors. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[26]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  The combined administration of GH‐releasing peptide‐2 (GHRP‐2), TRH and GnRH to men with prolonged critical illness evokes superior endocrine and metabolic effects compared to treatment with GHRP‐2 alone , 2002, Clinical endocrinology.

[27]  C. Lang,et al.  Role of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the catabolic response to injury and infection , 2002, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[28]  E. Ruokonen,et al.  Dangers of growth hormone therapy in critically ill patients , 2002, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[29]  F. Dominici,et al.  Growth Hormone-Induced Alterations in the Insulin-Signaling System , 2002, Experimental biology and medicine.

[30]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  A novel in vivo rabbit model of hypercatabolic critical illness reveals a biphasic neuroendocrine stress response. , 2002, Endocrinology.

[31]  M Schetz,et al.  Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[32]  D. Heyland,et al.  Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. , 2001, JAMA.

[33]  C. Pichard,et al.  Management of catabolism in metabolically stressed patients: a literature survey about growth hormone application , 2001, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[34]  G. Ooi,et al.  The acid-labile subunit (ALS) of the 150 kDa IGF-binding protein complex: an important but forgotten component of the circulating IGF system. , 2001, The Journal of endocrinology.

[35]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Safety aspects of pharmacological GH therapy in adults. , 2001, Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.

[36]  J. Frystyk,et al.  Liver-specific igf-1 gene deletion leads to muscle insulin insensitivity. , 2001, Diabetes.

[37]  X. Leverve Inter-organ substrate exchanges in the critically ill , 2001, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[38]  A. Revhaug,et al.  High-dose growth hormone does not affect proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma) release from activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells or after minimal to moderate surgical stress. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[39]  G. V. Berghe,et al.  Novel insights into the neuroendocrinology of critical illness , 2000 .

[40]  D. Clemmons,et al.  Assessment of growth parameters and life span of GHR/BP gene-disrupted mice. , 2000, Endocrinology.

[41]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Changes in Intermediary Metabolism in Severe Surgical Illness , 2000, World Journal of Surgery.

[42]  R. Baxter Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins: interactions with IGFs and intrinsic bioactivities. , 2000, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[43]  R. Barrow,et al.  Recombinant human growth hormone treatment in pediatric burn patients and its role during the hepatic acute phase response , 2000, Critical care medicine.

[44]  P. Carroll,et al.  Effects of glutamine supplementation, GH, and IGF-I on glutamine metabolism in critically ill patients. , 2000, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[45]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  A paradoxical gender dissociation within the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis during protracted critical illness. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[46]  M. Nakazato,et al.  Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach , 1999, Nature.

[47]  P. Carroll Protein metabolism and the use of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in the critically ill patient. , 1999, Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.

[48]  Y. Mao,et al.  Endotoxin-Induced Inhibition of Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling in Rat Liver in Vivo1. , 1999, Endocrinology.

[49]  M. Haymond,et al.  Body Composition as a Clinical Endpoint in the Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency , 1999, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[50]  P. Cohen,et al.  Novel aspects of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. , 1999, Molecular genetics and metabolism.

[51]  N R Webster,et al.  Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[52]  R. Baxter,et al.  Parenteral amino acid intake alters the anabolic actions of insulin-like growth factor I in rats. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[53]  D. Leroith,et al.  Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[54]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Reactivation of pituitary hormone release and metabolic improvement by infusion of growth hormone-releasing peptide and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with protracted critical illness. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[55]  R. Baxter The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF-binding protein axis in critical illness. , 1999, Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.

[56]  C. Hinds Administration of growth hormone to catabolic patients. , 1999, Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.

[57]  J. Ketelslegers,et al.  GH insensitivity induced by endotoxin injection is associated with decreased liver GH receptors. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[58]  J. A. Scarlett,et al.  Inhibitory effect of a growth hormone receptor antagonist (G120K-PEG) on renal enlargement, glomerular hypertrophy, and urinary albumin excretion in experimental diabetes in mice. , 1999, Diabetes.

[59]  Wilmore Dw The use of growth hormone in severely ill patients. , 1999 .

[60]  R. Baxter,et al.  Thrity-day monitoring of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in intensive care unit patients , 1998 .

[61]  J. Veldhuis,et al.  Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. , 1998, Endocrine reviews.

[62]  R. Barrow,et al.  Growth hormone treatment in pediatric burns: a safe therapeutic approach. , 1998, Annals of surgery.

[63]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Leptin levels in protracted critical illness: effects of growth hormone-secretagogues and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[64]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Clinical review 95: Acute and prolonged critical illness as different neuroendocrine paradigms. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[65]  Stephen Twigg,et al.  Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-binding Protein 5 Forms an Alternative Ternary Complex with IGFs and the Acid-labile Subunit* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[66]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Neuroendocrinology of prolonged critical illness: effects of exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its combination with growth hormone secretagogues. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[67]  R. Baxter The binding protein's binding protein--clinical applications of acid-labile subunit (ALS) measurement. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[68]  R. Michel,et al.  Coordinated expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms and metabolic enzymes within overloaded rat muscle fibers. , 1997, The American journal of physiology.

[69]  D. Prough,et al.  Acute alterations in growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis in humans injected with endotoxin. , 1997, The American journal of physiology.

[70]  M. Rechler,et al.  Growth hormone stimulates transcription of the gene encoding the acid-labile subunit (ALS) of the circulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex and ALS promoter activity in rat liver. , 1997, Molecular endocrinology.

[71]  J. Wernerman,et al.  Measurement of human growth hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based assay: demonstration of reduced expression after elective surgery. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[72]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  The somatotropic axis in critical illness: effect of continuous growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and GH-releasing peptide-2 infusion. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[73]  M. Tauber,et al.  Effect of intraperitoneal insulin delivery on growth hormone binding protein, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding protein-3 in IDDM , 1996, Diabetologia.

[74]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Pituitary responsiveness to GH‐releasing hormone, GH‐releasing peptide‐2 and thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone in critical illness , 1996, Clinical endocrinology.

[75]  J. Holly,et al.  Critical illness is associated with low circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, alterations in insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, and induction of an insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 protease. , 1996, Critical care medicine.

[76]  Patrick R. Griffin,et al.  A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone Release , 1996, Science.

[77]  U. Keller,et al.  Metabolic actions of growth hormone: direct and indirect. , 1996, Bailliere's clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[78]  B. Angelin,et al.  Growth hormone potentiates the in vivo biological activities of endotoxin in the rat , 1996, European journal of clinical investigation.

[79]  W. Blum,et al.  The differential regulation of the circulating levels of the insulin‐like growth factors and their binding proteins (IGFBP) 1, 2 and 3 after elective abdominal surgery , 1996, Clinical endocrinology.

[80]  R. Baxter Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins as glucoregulators. , 1995, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[81]  M. Cronin,et al.  Adaptation of the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I axis to chronic and severe calorie or protein malnutrition. , 1995, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[82]  G. Striker,et al.  Effects of streptozotocin treatment in growth hormone (GH) and GH antagonist transgenic mice. , 1995, Endocrinology.

[83]  G. Van den Berghe,et al.  Growth hormone secretion in critical illness: effect of dopamine. , 1994, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[84]  K. Brismar,et al.  Increased proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus serum, with elevation of a 29-kilodalton (kDa) glycosylated IGFBP-3 fragment contained in the approximately 130- to 150-kDa ternary complex. , 1994, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[85]  M. Binoux,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 is functionally altered in pregnancy plasma. , 1994, Endocrinology.

[86]  L. Phillips,et al.  Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein 1 gene transcription by hormones and provision of amino acids in rat hepatocytes. , 1993, Molecular endocrinology.

[87]  K. Alberti,et al.  A low dose euglycemic infusion of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I rapidly suppresses fasting-enhanced pulsatile growth hormone secretion in humans. , 1993, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[88]  E. Smith,et al.  Androgen-stimulated pubertal growth: the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in the treatment of short stature and delayed puberty. , 1993, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[89]  R. Valcavi,et al.  Effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and growth hormone- and IGF-binding proteins. , 1993, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[90]  R. S. V. STRACK VAN SCHIJNDEL,et al.  Effects of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Patients With Severe Sepsis , 1992, Annals of surgery.

[91]  J. Nauta,et al.  Pulsatile hormone secretion during severe sepsis: accuracy of different blood sampling regimens. , 1992, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[92]  D. Clemmons,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 proteolysis is induced after elective surgery. , 1992, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[93]  K. Alberti,et al.  Augmented growth hormone (GH) secretory burst frequency and amplitude mediate enhanced GH secretion during a two-day fast in normal men. , 1992, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[94]  J. Holly,et al.  The induction of a specific protease for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in the circulation during severe illness. , 1991, The Journal of endocrinology.

[95]  J. Miell,et al.  Critically ill patients have high basal growth hormone levels with attenuated oscillatory activity associated with low levels of insulin–like growth factor‐I , 1991, Clinical endocrinology.

[96]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Effect of exogenous growth hormone on whole-body and isolated-limb protein kinetics in burned patients. , 1991, Archives of surgery.

[97]  D. Clemmons,et al.  Dietary carbohydrate content determines responsiveness to growth hormone in energy-restricted humans. , 1989, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[98]  A. Beddoe,et al.  Aggressive nutritional support does not prevent protein loss despite fat gain in septic intensive care patients. , 1987, The Journal of trauma.

[99]  F. Momany,et al.  On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to specifically release growth hormone. , 1984, Endocrinology.

[100]  D. Clemmons,et al.  Dietary components that regulate serum somatomedin-C concentrations in humans. , 1983, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[101]  B. Caillou,et al.  Thyroid inclusions in cervical lymph nodes. , 1962, Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism.

[102]  F. Cerra,et al.  Septic Autocannibalism: A Failure of Exogenous Nutritional Support , 1980, Annals of surgery.