Biodiesel a Partir de Microalgas

RESUMEN La situacion actual debida al agotamiento de los combustibles fosiles, incremento del precio del petroleo y dificultades ambientales, demanda urgentemente fuentes alternas de energia siendo una opcion promisoria el biodiesel; biocombustible producido primordialmente a partir de aceites provenientes de plantas oleaginosas, cuya disponibilidad desafortunadamente, es incapaz de sustituir el mercado de petrodiesel en Mexico y el mundo. El uso de microalgas para la produccion de biodiesel es una alternativa ventajosa debido al elevado contenido de lipidos y perfil idoneo para la obtencion del biocombustible que estas ofrecen. Aunado a lo anterior, otros atributos de las microalgas son su elevada eficiencia fotosintetica, su capacidad de crecer tanto en aguas marinas, dulces, residuales y salobres, asi como su velocidad de crecimiento relativamente alta. No obstante, los sistemas de cultivo de microalgas actualmente presentan ciertas limitantes tales como la escasez de informacion para su escalamiento, la dificultad para el mantenimiento de monocultivos, los elevados costos de operacion para la produccion y recoleccion de la biomasa de microalgas, entre otros. Ante estos inconvenientes, la optimizacion de los sistemas de cultivo de microalgas es imprescindible. El proposito de esta revision es el de proporcionar un panorama general y critico de esta alternativa bioenergetica, mediante el analisis de los fundamentos de la

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