Validation of an integral sliding mode control for optimal control of a three blade variable speed variable pitch wind turbine

Abstract Reduction in cost of wind energy requires most efficient control technology which can able to extract optimum power from the wind. This paper mainly focuses on the control of variable speed variable pitch wind turbine (VSVPWT) for maximization of extracted power at below rated wind speed (region 2) and regulation of extracted power when operating at above rated wind speed (region 3). To extract maximum power at below rated wind speed torque control is used whereas to regulate rated power at above rated wind speed pitch control is used. In this paper a nonlinear control i.e. integral sliding mode control (ISMC) is proposed for region 2 whereas a conventional proportional–integral (PI) control is adapted for region 3 of a VSVPWT. The proposed controller is combined with modified Newton Raphson (MNR) wind speed estimator to estimate the wind speed. The stability of the proposed ISMC is analyzed using Lyapunov stability criterion and the control law is derived for region 2 which is also adapted for the transition period between region 2 and region 3 (region 2.5). The dynamic simulations are tested with nonlinear FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) wind turbine (WT). The simulation results of ISMC are presented and the control performance is compared with conventional SMC and existing controllers such as aerodynamic torque feed forward control (ATF) and Indirect speed control (ISC). It is seen that especially in region 2.5, ISMC gives better performance compared to all other controllers.

[1]  Y. D. Song,et al.  Variable speed control of wind turbines using nonlinear and adaptive algorithms , 2000 .

[2]  Poul Ejnar Sørensen,et al.  Control design for a pitch-regulated, variable speed wind turbine , 2005 .

[3]  Houria Siguerdidjane,et al.  Nonlinear Control of a Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Using a Two-Mass Model , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[4]  Maureen Hand,et al.  Multivariable control strategy for variable speed, variable pitch wind turbines , 2007 .

[5]  Ervin Bossanyi,et al.  Wind Energy Handbook , 2001 .

[6]  Ronilson Rocha.  A sensorless control for a variable speed wind turbine operating at partial load , 2011 .

[7]  Qingsong Xu.  Enhanced discrete-time sliding mode strategy with application to piezoelectric actuator control , 2013 .

[8]  Saravanakumar Rajendran,et al.  A review of estimation of effective wind speed based control of wind turbines , 2015 .

[9]  Maureen Hand,et al.  Nonlinear Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines for Generator Torque Limiting and Power Optimization , 2006 .

[10]  Li-Chou Tai,et al.  Intelligent Control of a Large Variable Speed Wind Turbine , 2012 .

[11]  Reza Shahnazi,et al.  An optimal fuzzy PI controller to capture the maximum power for variable-speed wind turbines , 2012, Neural Computing and Applications.

[12]  Hongze Xu,et al.  Active disturbance rejection based pitch control of variable speed wind turbine , 2011, Proceedings of the 30th Chinese Control Conference.

[13]  Kathryn E. Johnson,et al.  Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART) Commissioning and Baseline Data Collection , 2002 .

[14]  Mohamed El Hachemi Benbouzid,et al.  High-Order Sliding-Mode Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[15]  Hamidreza Jafarnejadsani,et al.  Adaptive Control of a Variable-Speed Variable-Pitch Wind Turbine Using Radial-Basis Function Neural Network , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[16]  Guoqiang Hu,et al.  Wind Turbine Power Capture Control With Robust Estimation , 2010 .

[17]  Jakob Stoustrup,et al.  Linear parameter varying control of wind turbines covering both partial load and full load conditions , 2009 .

[18]  Ahmet Serdar Yilmaz,et al.  Pitch angle control in wind turbines above the rated wind speed by multi-layer perceptron and radial basis function neural networks , 2009, Expert Syst. Appl..

[19]  Afef Fekih,et al.  Pitch control design for optimum energy capture in variable-speed wind turbines , 2013, 10th International Multi-Conferences on Systems, Signals & Devices 2013 (SSD13).

[20]  L.Y. Pao,et al.  Control of variable-speed wind turbines: standard and adaptive techniques for maximizing energy capture , 2006, IEEE Control Systems.

[21]  Qingsong Xu.  Digital Sliding-Mode Control of Piezoelectric Micropositioning System Based on Input–Output Model , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[22]  A. Mullane,et al.  Modeling of the wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator for grid integration studies , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[23]  Luis T. Aguilar,et al.  Maximizing the performance of variable speed wind turbine with nonlinear output feedback control , 2012 .

[24]  Xinsheng Huang,et al.  Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of Rigid-Flexible Multibody Systems With Bounded Inputs , 2011 .

[25]  Kathryn E. Johnson,et al.  Control of variable-speed wind turbines , 2006 .

[26]  Abdellatif Khamlichi,et al.  Advanced control based on extended Kalman filter for variable speed wind turbine , 2011 .