Standing Postural Sway Controlled by Concurrent Dual Attention-Demanding Task with Numerical Subtraction

選択的注意をはじめとする認知過程が立位姿勢制御におよぼす効果を検証する目的から,健常者に対して,静止立位のみを維持する単一注意要求課題,および静止立位の維持(第1課題)と視覚・聴覚性提示による引き算(第2課題)を同時に遂行する同時二重注意要求課題を課し,各課題遂行中の立位姿勢動揺を解析した。同時二重注意要求課題遂行中における立位姿勢動揺は,単一注意要求課題のそれに比べて有意に減少し,同時二重注意要求課題の遂行が立位姿勢の安定化制御に対して促進性に作用することが認められた。こうした現象を背後で支えるメカニズムについて、選択的注意における資源依存型処理過程とデータ依存型処理過程の側面から論議した。

[1]  G. Andersson,et al.  Effect of cognitive load on postural control , 2002, Brain Research Bulletin.

[2]  M. Woollacott,et al.  Attentional demands and postural control: the effect of sensory context. , 2000, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[3]  N Lavie,et al.  Effect of articulatory and mental tasks on postural control. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[4]  G. Andersson,et al.  A dual-task study of interference between mental activity and control of balance. , 1998, The American journal of otology.

[5]  C. Bard,et al.  Attentional demands for static and dynamic equilibrium , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[6]  M. Woollacott,et al.  Cognitive influence on postural stability: a neuromuscular analysis in young and older adults. , 2000, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[7]  W Poewe,et al.  Influence of Concurrent Tasks on Gait: A Dual-Task Approach , 1995, Perceptual and motor skills.

[8]  M. Woollacott,et al.  The effects of two types of cognitive tasks on postural stability in older adults with and without a history of falls. , 1997, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[9]  Daniel G Bobrow,et al.  On data-limited and resource-limited processes , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[10]  A M Wing,et al.  Age differences in postural stability are increased by additional cognitive demands. , 1996, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[11]  M. Woollacott,et al.  Attention and the control of posture and gait: a review of an emerging area of research. , 2002, Gait & posture.

[12]  L. Nyberg,et al.  “Stops walking when talking” as a predictor of falls in elderly people , 1997, The Lancet.

[13]  J. Kaye,et al.  Talking while walking , 1997, Neurology.

[14]  E. C. Cmm,et al.  on the Recognition of Speech, with , 2008 .

[15]  I. Melzer,et al.  Age-Related Changes of Postural Control: Effect of Cognitive Tasks , 2001, Gerontology.

[16]  N Teasdale,et al.  On the cognitive penetrability of posture control. , 1993, Experimental aging research.