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In Brief Marine biodiversity is in rapid decline, and the international community recognizes the need for increased conservation efforts. We identify 8.5 million km of new conservation priority areas and show that at least 26% of the ocean needs effective conservation to preservemarine biodiversity. With a post2020 global biodiversity agreement currently under development, our analysis demonstrates the overall scale of conservation action required and helps identify areas on which local and regional conservation efforts should focus.

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