Adapting the Community of Inquiry Survey for an Online Graduate Program: Implications for Online Programs

A cohort-based online professional doctorate program that consisted of both online coursework and research activities was designed using Garrison et al's community of inquiry (CoI) framework. The evaluation of the program proved a challenge because all existing CoI assessment methods in the past have dealt with online courses, not with online programs. In the absence of a validated instrument for measuring the success of the community of inquiry design at a program level, the CoI survey for online courses was adapted and used with the second cohort of online students (n = 18). This article presents (a) an extension of the construct's cognitive, teaching, and social presence for online programs, and (b) an instrument to measure student perceptions of a CoI that encompasses asynchronous and synchronous interactions, as well as course-specific and non-course-specific interactions in different learning spaces.

[1]  Karen Swan,et al.  Developing a community of inquiry instrument: Testing a measure of the Community of Inquiry framework using a multi-institutional sample , 2008, Internet High. Educ..

[2]  Kara Dawson,et al.  Applying the community of inquiry framework to an online professional practice doctoral program , 2011 .

[3]  A. Hwang,et al.  Does "teaching presence" exist in online MBA courses? , 2006, Internet High. Educ..

[4]  Shaaron Ainsworth,et al.  The effects of self-explaining when learning with text or diagrams , 2003, Cogn. Sci..

[5]  D. Garrison,et al.  Facilitating Cognitive Presence in Online Learning: Interaction Is Not Enough , 2005 .

[6]  Peter Shea,et al.  Online instructional effort measured through the lens of teaching presence in the community of inquiry framework: A re-examination of measures and approach , 2010 .

[7]  A. P. Rovai Sense of community, perceived cognitive learning, and persistence in asynchronous learning networks , 2002, Internet High. Educ..

[8]  J. B. Arbaugh,et al.  An Investigation of Epistemological and Social Dimensions of Teaching in Online Learning Environments , 2006 .

[9]  J. Arbaugh How Much Does “Subject Matter” Matter? A Study of Disciplinary Effects in On-Line MBA Courses , 2005 .

[10]  D. Randy Garrison,et al.  Role Adjustment for Learners in an Online Community of Inquiry: Identifying the Challenges of Incoming Online Learners , 2007, Int. J. Web Based Learn. Teach. Technol..

[11]  Matthew Hughes,et al.  Assessing social presence in online discussion groups: a replication study , 2007 .

[12]  D. Garrison,et al.  The Development of a Community of Inquiry over Time in an Online Course: Understanding the Progression and Integration of Social, Cognitive and Teaching Presence. , 2008 .

[13]  D. Randy Garrison,et al.  Critical Thinking and Computer Conferencing: A Model and Tool to Assess Cognitive Presence , 2001 .

[14]  Somaiya Naidu Learning and Teaching with Technology : Principles and Practices , 2003 .

[15]  D. Garrison,et al.  Exploring causal relationships among teaching, cognitive and social presence: Student perceptions of the community of inquiry framework , 2010, Internet High. Educ..

[16]  Marta Cleveland-Innes,et al.  Role adjustment for learners in an online community of inquiry : Identifying the needs of novice online learners , 2007 .

[17]  D. Garrison,et al.  Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education , 2001 .

[18]  Ronald A. Phipps,et al.  What''s the Difference? A Review of Contemporary Research on the Effectiveness of Distance Learning , 1999 .

[19]  P. Shea,et al.  A study of teaching presence and student sense of learning community in fully online and web-enhanced college courses , 2006, Internet High. Educ..

[20]  Peter Shea,et al.  A re-examination of the community of inquiry framework: Social network and content analysis , 2010, Internet High. Educ..

[21]  Peter Shea,et al.  Cognitive presence and online learner engagement: a cluster analysis of the community of inquiry framework , 2009, J. Comput. High. Educ..

[22]  D. Garrison,et al.  Assessing Social Presence In Asynchronous Text-based Computer Conferencing , 1999 .

[23]  Eric Deeson,et al.  Handbook of distance education , 2004, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[24]  Douglas Archibald,et al.  Fostering the development of cognitive presence: Initial findings using the community of inquiry survey instrument , 2010, Internet High. Educ..

[25]  Thomas A. Brush,et al.  Student perceptions of collaborative learning, social presence and satisfaction in a blended learning environment: Relationships and critical factors , 2008, Comput. Educ..

[26]  Nike Arnold,et al.  Future Foreign Language Teachers' Social and Cognitive Collaboration in an Online Environment , 2006 .

[27]  D. Randy Garrison,et al.  Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education , 1999, Internet High. Educ..

[28]  J. B. Arbaugh,et al.  Subject matter effects and the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework: An exploratory study , 2010, Internet High. Educ..

[29]  Petrea Redmond,et al.  A flexible framework for online collaborative learning , 2006, Internet High. Educ..

[30]  C. Gunawardena,et al.  Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computer‐mediated conferencing environment , 1997 .

[31]  Shaaron Ainsworth,et al.  The effects of self‐explaining when learning with text or diagrams , 2003 .

[32]  I. E. Allen,et al.  Learning on Demand: Online Education in the United States, 2009. , 2010 .