Gait analysis in prosthetics: opinions, ideas and conclusions.

A review was performed of the literature of the last eleven years (1990-2000) with the topic: "clinical use of instrumented gait analysis in patients wearing a prosthesis of the lower limb". To this end a literature search was performed in Embase, Medline and Recal. Forty-five (45) articles were identified for study from which 34 were reviewed. The reviews were divided into five subtopics: 1) adaptive strategies in gait (12 studies); 2) the influence of different parts of the prosthesis on gait (12 studies); 3) pressure measurements in the socket in gait studies (4 studies); 4) the influence of the mass of the prostheses on gait (5 studies); 5) energy considerations in gait (2 studies). A considerable part of the studies concerned the adaptive strategies of the amputee in walking and running and the evaluation of different prosthetic feet. All aspects and outcomes were reviewed concerning the clinical relevance.

[2]  J. Engsberg,et al.  Normative ground reaction force data for able-bodied and below-knee-amputee children during walking. , 1993, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[3]  Lang Yang.  The influence of limb alignment on the gait of above-knee amputees , 1991, Journal of biomechanics.

[4]  A. Hof,et al.  The relationship between comfortable and most metabolically efficient walking speed in persons with unilateral above-knee amputation. , 1993, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[5]  J. Czerniecki,et al.  Mechanical work adaptations of above-knee amputee ambulation. , 1996, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[6]  A W Buis,et al.  Conventional patellar-tendon-bearing (PTB) socket/stump interface dynamic pressure distributions recorded during the prosthetic stance phase of gait of a transtibial amputee , 1998, Prosthetics and orthotics international.

[7]  E. Ayyappa,et al.  Influence of prosthetic foot design on sound limb loading in adults with unilateral below-knee amputations. , 1994, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[8]  D. Sanderson,et al.  Joint kinetics in unilateral below-knee amputee patients during running. , 1996, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[9]  Y Setoguchi,et al.  Dynamics of below-knee child amputee gait: SACH foot versus Flex foot. , 1993, Journal of biomechanics.

[10]  J. Czerniecki,et al.  BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF PROSTHETIC FEET ON BELOW-KNEE AMPUTEE WALKING , 1991, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.

[11]  M S Pinzur,et al.  Dynamic electromyography in active and limited walking below-knee amputees. , 1991, Orthopedics.

[12]  M. Nash,et al.  Energy expenditure of trans-tibial amputees during ambulation at self-selected pace , 1994, Prosthetics and orthotics international.

[13]  Radcliffe Cw,et al.  Functional considerations in the fitting of above-knee prostheses. , 1955 .

[14]  J. Czerniecki,et al.  Effect of prosthetic mass on swing phase work during above-knee amputee ambulation. , 1997, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.

[15]  J B Bussmann,et al.  Effects of prosthetic mass and mass distribution on kinematics and energetics of prosthetic gait: a systematic review. , 1999, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[16]  D. Winter.  Biomechanics of Human Movement , 1980 .

[17]  J. Lehmann,et al.  Comprehensive analysis of dynamic elastic response feet: Seattle Ankle/Lite Foot versus SACH foot. , 1993, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[18]  S B Sepic,et al.  Gait patterns of above-knee amputees using constant-friction knee components. , 1980, Bulletin of prosthetics research.

[19]  S G Zachariah,et al.  Effects of changes in cadence, prosthetic componentry, and time on interface pressures and shear stresses of three trans-tibial amputees. , 2000, Clinical biomechanics.

[20]  A W Buis,et al.  Socket/stump interface dynamic pressure distributions recorded during the prosthetic stance phase of gait of a trans-tibial amputee wearing a hydrocast socket , 1999, Prosthetics and orthotics international.

[21]  Center of mass location and segment angular orientation of below-knee-amputee and able-bodied children during walking. , 1992, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[22]  J G Buckley,et al.  Sprint kinematics of athletes with lower-limb amputations. , 1999, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[23]  K Oberg,et al.  Prosthetic gait pattern in unilateral above-knee amputees. , 1973, Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[24]  C. Ekdahl,et al.  Gait in male trans-tibial amputees: A comparative study with healthy subjects in relation to walking speed , 1994, Prosthetics and orthotics international.

[25]  Electromyographic study of muscular activity in the amputation stump while walking with PTB- and PTB-suction prosthesis. , 1975, Upsala journal of medical sciences.

[26]  W D Spence,et al.  A methodology for studying the effects of various types of prosthetic feet on the biomechanics of trans-femoral amputee gait. , 1999, Journal of biomechanics.

[27]  J. Czerniecki,et al.  Joint moment and muscle power output characteristics of below knee amputees during running: the influence of energy storing prosthetic feet. , 1991, Journal of biomechanics.

[28]  E. Stålberg,et al.  Neurophysiological studies on muscle function in the stump of above-knee amputees. , 1973, Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[29]  W C Whiting,et al.  Stride kinematics and knee joint kinetics of child amputee gait. , 1982, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[30]  A L Hof,et al.  Gait analysis of transfemoral amputee patients using prostheses with two different knee joints. , 1996, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.