Prostate specific antigen. Its role in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most valuable clini‐1 tool available for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. Serum PSA can detect twice as many prostate cancers as digital rectal examination can, and nearly two thirds of these detected tumors are organ‐confined and potentially curable. While the diagnostic, routine digital rectal examination has no clinically significant effect on s serum PSA concentration, finasteride therapy causes a 50% lowering of the serum PSA value. The new concepts of PSA velocity, free versus complexed PSA, and age‐specific reference ranges all appear to improve further the clinic utility of PSA as a detector of early, potentially curable prostate cancers in men who are most likely to benefit from therapeutic intervention.

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