Design and Implementation of Distance Measuring Digital Hardware

In many Engineering Fields, distance to target is fundamental and very important information, and often estimated or measured by using sound. To measure the distance to the target, time delay between reflected waves from transmitted wave is often used. This paper presents a system for real time obstacle detection and distance estimation. This is position detection using ultrasonic sensors. It uses ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement. This ultrasonic sensor hardware gives the distance in terms of pulse width. This pulse width corresponds to the distance from the system to the target. This is an obstacle detection system with a non-contact type ultrasonic distance measuring device that includes ultrasonic pulse generator, the ultrasonic burst is generated at frequency of 40 KHz. That burst can be transmitted by using ultrasonic transmitter. The transmitted signal reflected from the obstacle and received by ultrasonic receiver. The time delay between transmitted signal and received signal corresponds to the distance. This hardware system can be interfaced to the FPGA (SPARTAN 3E) board. Then distance can be displayed in millimetres. The system proposed detects the obstacle with a distance from 20 cm to 1 meter and sends back the value to the user. The pulse width to distance conversion can be obtained by implementing the FSM in HDL. The report details the implementation of distance measurement system using the ultrasonic waves. As the human ear's audible perception range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, it is insensitive to ultrasonic waves, and hence the ultrasound waves can be used for applications in industries/vehicles without hindering human activity. They are widely used as range meters and proximity detectors in industries also it can be used in parking assistance system. The distance can be measured using pulse echo and phase measurement method. Here the pulse echo method is used. The measurement unit uses a continuous signal in the transmission frequency range of ultrasonic transducers. The signal is transmitted by an ultrasonic transducer, reflected by an obstacle and received by another transducer where the signal is detected. The time delay of the transmitted and the received signal corresponds to the distance between the system and the obstacle. The system designed comprises of independent, battery a powered transmitter and receiver section that makes use of a pair of matched ultrasonic transducers. The Ultrasonic sensor circuit used to obtain the pulse width through the hardware circuit it corresponds the distance. An algorithm is …