The Influence of ENSO on Northern Midlatitude Ozone during the Winter to Spring Transition

AbstractThe influence of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on northern midlatitude ozone during the period January–March (JFM) is investigated using various observations and a chemistry–climate model. The analysis reveals that, during El Nino events, there are noticeable anomalously high total ozone column (TOC) values over the North Pacific, the southern United States, northeastern Africa, and East Asia but anomalously low values in central Europe and over the North Atlantic. La Nina events have almost the opposite effects on TOC anomalies. The longitudinal dependence of midlatitude ozone anomalies associated with ENSO events during the period JFM is found to be related to planetary waves. Planetary waves excited by tropical convection propagate into the middle latitudes and give rise to longwave trains (Pacific–North American pattern) and shortwave trains along the North African–Asian jet. These wave trains affect ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) by modulating the midlatitu...

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