Co‐operation in cell transformation between BK virus and the human C‐harvey‐ras oncogene

Early‐passage hamster embryo cells were transformed by recombinant DNA molecules containing BK virus (BKV) earlyregion gene and either the activated c‐Ha‐ras oncogene (pBK/c‐rasA) or the normal c‐Ha‐ras proto‐oncogene (pBK/c‐rasN). The recombinant DNAs had a greater transforming ability and converted hamster cells to a more malignant phenotype than the single genes transfected separately. pBK/c‐rasA was significantly more powerful than pBK/c‐rasN in conferring to cells all the characteristics of transformation. Transfected DNA sequences were integrated mostly as single insertions into cellular DNA. Specific c‐Ha‐ras p21 and BKV T antigen were detected in transformed cells. Although stimulation of c‐Ha‐ras expression by BKV enhancers cannot be excluded in recombinants, super‐transfection and co‐transfection experiments in hamster embryo cells and pre‐neoplastic cell lines showed that BKV early‐region and c‐Ha‐ras co‐operate in transformation by contributing separate and independent functions.

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