Effects of Manual versus Voice-Activated Dialing during Simulated Driving

We measured driving performance (lane-keeping errors, driving times, and glances away from the road scene) in a video driving simulator for 24 volunteers who each drove alone on a 10.6-km multicurved course while simultaneously placing calls on a mobile phone subscribed to a voice-activated dialing system. Driving performance also was measured for the same distance while participants manually dialed phone numbers and while they drove without dialing. There were 22% fewer lane-keeping errors (p<.01) and 56% fewer glances away from [he road scene (p<.01) when they used voice-activated dialing as compared to manual dialing. Significantly longer driving times in both of the dialing conditions as compared to the No Dialing condition are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that drivers decrease driving speed to compensate for the demands of the secondary phone tasks.

[1]  W. Berg,et al.  Effect of the Intensity of Wireless Telephone Conversations on Reaction Time in a Braking Response , 2000, Perceptual and motor skills.

[2]  A Wetherell,et al.  The efficacy of some auditory-vocal subsidiary tasks as measures of the mental load on male and female drivers. , 1981, Ergonomics.

[3]  I. Brown,et al.  Interference between concurrent tasks of driving and telephoning. , 1969, The Journal of applied psychology.

[4]  D. E Haigney,et al.  Concurrent mobile (cellular) phone use and driving performance: task demand characteristics and compensatory processes , 2000 .

[5]  K A Brookhuis,et al.  The effects of mobile telephoning on driving performance. , 1991, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[6]  David L. Strayer,et al.  Driven to Distraction: Dual-Task Studies of Simulated Driving and Conversing on a Cellular Telephone , 2001, Psychological science.

[7]  J M Violanti,et al.  Cellular phones and traffic accidents: an epidemiological approach. , 1996, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[8]  Matthew P. Reed,et al.  Comparison of driving performance on-road and in a low-cost simulator using a concurrent telephone dialling task , 1999 .

[9]  Heikki Summala,et al.  Driving experience and time-sharing during in-car tasks on roads of different width , 1998 .

[10]  R. Tibshirani,et al.  Association between cellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[11]  A J McKnight,et al.  The effect of cellular phone use upon driver attention. , 1993, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[12]  H Alm,et al.  The effects of a mobile telephone task on driver behaviour in a car following situation. , 1995, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[13]  Dario D. Salvucci.  Predicting the effects of in-car interface use on driver performance: an integrated model approach , 2001, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[14]  S J Westerman,et al.  Mobile (cellular) phone use and driving: a critical review of research methodology , 2001, Ergonomics.

[15]  Valdimar Briem,et al.  Behavioural effects of mobile telephone use during simulated driving. , 1995 .