Impact of Event Scale-revised.

The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) is a self-report measure of current subjective distress in response to a specific traumatic event (Weiss and Marmar 1997). The 22item scale is comprised of 3 subscales representative of the major symptom clusters of post-traumatic stress: intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal (American Psychiatric Association 1994). The intrusion subscale includes 8 items related to intrusive thoughts, nightmares, intrusive feelings, and imagery associated with the traumatic event. The avoidance subscale includes 8 items related to avoidance of feelings, situations, and ideas. The hyperarousal subscale includes 6 items related to difficulty concentrating, anger and irritability, psychophysiological arousal upon exposure to reminders and hypervigilance.