Municipal sewage sludge characteristics and waste water treatment plant effectiveness under warm climate conditions

The present paper deals with the characterization of the municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and the effectiveness of the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) under warm climate condition. The WWTP effectiveness is more than 98.5% for the BOD5, 90% for COD, 95% for SS, 70% for TN, 99% for NH4, while the TP efficiency rang from 15.17% to 99.12%. The total kWh/kgBOD5/month is from 1.97 to 3.13, while the total kWh/m3 of wastewater influent range from 0.62 to 1.36. The yearly chemical consumption (chlorine, polymer, lime) depends at the end from the season. The sludge does not present significant concentration of metals and the evaluation with sequential extraction showed that the metals are associated with inert forms while the application of the, Generalized acid neutralization capacity (GANC) test indicated that by increasing the leach ate pH, the heavy metal concentration decreases.

[1]  N. Gray,et al.  Aerobic digestion of pharmaceutical and domestic wastewater sludges at ambient temperature , 2000 .

[2]  I. Oliver,et al.  Temporal trends of total and potentially available element concentrations in sewage biosolids: a comparison of biosolid surveys conducted 18 years apart. , 2005, The Science of the total environment.

[3]  G. Castillo,et al.  Metal availability and uptake by sorghum plants grown in soils amended with sludge from different treatments. , 2006, Chemosphere.

[4]  V. Adams Water and Wastewater Examination Manual , 1990 .

[5]  R. Sarsby,et al.  Problems in Defining the Geotechnical Behaviour of Wastewater Sludges , 2000 .

[6]  Xiaoming Li,et al.  Total concentrations and speciation of heavy metals in municipal sludge from Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in middle-south region of China. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[7]  A. Aydilek,et al.  Consolidation Characteristics of Wastewater Sludge , 2000 .

[8]  S. Sterrett,et al.  Utilization of sewage sludge compost as a soil conditioner and fertilizer for plant growth , 1984 .

[9]  G. O'Connor,et al.  Effects of pasture‐applied biosolids on forage and soil concentrations over a grazing season in north Florida. II. microminerals , 2000 .

[10]  A. T. Lombardi,et al.  An evaluation into the potential of biological processing for the removal of metals from sewage sludges. , 1999, Critical reviews in microbiology.

[11]  M. T. Moreira,et al.  A comparison of municipal wastewater treatment plants for big centres of population in Galicia (Spain) , 2007 .

[12]  P. Warman Effects of Fertilizer, Pig Manure, and Sewage Sludge on Timothy and Soils , 1986 .

[13]  M. Stenstrom,et al.  TREATMENT OF LOW STRENGTH WASTEWATER USING THE ANAEROBIC FILTER , 1982 .

[14]  Antonis Zorpas,et al.  Environmental management systems as sustainable tools in the way of life for the SMEs and VSMEs. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[15]  M. Stenstrom,et al.  Treatment of low strength domestic wastewater using the anaerobic filter , 1983 .

[16]  A. Tessier,et al.  Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals , 1979 .

[17]  Jean-Marie Mouchel,et al.  Efficiency evaluation of sewage treatment plants with different technologies in Delhi (India) , 2009, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[18]  Antonis A. Zorpas,et al.  Operation description and physicochemical characteristics of influent, effluent and the tertiary treatment from a sewage treatment plant of the Eastern Region of Cyprus under warm climates , 2010 .

[19]  P. Lowe The Development of a Sludge Disposal Strategy for the Hong Kong Territories , 1993 .

[20]  P. L'hermite,et al.  The Influence of Sewage Sludge Application on Physical and Biological Properties of Soils , 1983, Springer Netherlands.

[21]  G. O'Connor,et al.  Effects of residual and reapplied biosolids on forage and soil concentrations over a grazing season in North Florida. I. Macrominerals, crude protein, and in vitro digestibility , 2001 .

[22]  P. Chamorro,et al.  Speciation of metals in sewage sludge for agricultural uses , 1998 .

[23]  M. Loizidou,et al.  Dewatered anaerobically‐stabilized primary sewage sludge composting: Metal leachability and uptake by natural Clinoptilolite , 1999 .

[24]  Aharon Abeliovich,et al.  THE FATE OF HEAVY METALS IN WASTEWATER STABILIZATION PONDS , 1987 .

[25]  A. E. Greenberg,et al.  Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater seventh edition , 2013 .

[26]  P. J. Matthews Sewage Sludge Disposal in the UK: A New Challenge for the Next Twenty Years (Abridged) , 1992 .

[27]  Gatze Lettinga,et al.  Anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage under moderate climatic (Dutch) conditions using upflow reactors at increased superficial velocities. , 1992 .

[28]  W. C. Termeer,et al.  Evaluation of sewage sludge, septic waste and sludge compost applications to corn and forage: Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B content of crops and soils. , 2005, Bioresource technology.

[29]  D. Arapoglou,et al.  Waste paper and clinoptilolite as a bulking material with dewatered anaerobically stabilized primary sewage sludge (DASPSS) for compost production. , 2003, Waste management.

[30]  H. D. Stensel,et al.  Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse , 2002 .

[31]  R. R. Dague,et al.  Low Temperature Effects on Anaerobic Microbial Kinetic Parameters , 1998 .

[32]  M. Loizidou,et al.  Heavy metals fractionation before, during and after composting of sewage sludge with natural zeolite. , 2008, Waste management.

[33]  E. El-Bestawy Treatment of mixed domestic–industrial wastewater using cyanobacteria , 2008, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology.

[34]  Irene M.C. Lo,et al.  Geotechnical characterization of dewatered sewage sludge for landfill disposal , 2002 .

[35]  M. Sánchez-Díaz,et al.  Application of sewage sludge improves growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant activities of nodulated alfalfa plants under drought conditions , 2010 .

[36]  B. O’Kelly Effect of biodegradation on the consolidation properties of a dewatered municipal sewage sludge. , 2008, Waste management.

[37]  Andrew M. Dixon,et al.  Assessing the environmental impact of two options for small-scale wastewater treatment: comparing a reedbed and an aerated biological filter using a life cycle approach , 2003 .

[38]  E. Epstein Land Application of Sewage Sludge and Biosolids , 2002 .

[39]  Thomas L. Theis,et al.  Optimal Design for Anaerobic Pretreatment of Municipal Wastewater , 1998 .

[40]  J. W. Morris,et al.  Municipal wastewater treatment with the anaerobic attached microbial film expanded bed process , 1981 .

[41]  J N Lester,et al.  Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater in temperate climates: treatment plant modelling with economic considerations. , 2001, Water research.

[42]  Yang-sheng Liu,et al.  Evolution of heavy metal speciation during the aerobic composting process of sewage sludge. , 2007, Chemosphere.