Ecological Climatology: Terrestrial Plant Ecology
暂无分享,去创建一个
[1] Sean C. Thomas,et al. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum , 2004, Nature.
[2] Richard A. Houghton,et al. Why are estimates of the terrestrial carbon balance so different? , 2003 .
[3] J. Overpeck,et al. Possible role of dust-induced regional warming in abrupt climate change during the last glacial period , 1996, Nature.
[4] D. Beerling,et al. Evolution of leaf-form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the Late Palaeozoic era , 2001, Nature.
[5] J. Prospero,et al. Effect of continental sources on nitrate concentrations over the Pacific Ocean , 1989, Nature.
[6] P. Vitousek. Beyond Global Warming: Ecology and Global Change , 1994 .
[7] Cohmap Members. Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: observations and model simulations. , 1988, Science.
[8] S. Plummer,et al. Burnt area detection at global scale using ATSR‐2: The GLOBSCAR products and their qualification , 2004 .
[9] D. Schimel,et al. CONTINENTAL SCALE VARIABILITY IN ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES: MODELS, DATA, AND THE ROLE OF DISTURBANCE , 1997 .
[10] J. Townshend,et al. Towards an operational MODIS continuous field of percent tree cover algorithm: examples using AVHRR and MODIS data , 2002 .
[11] S. Pickett,et al. Ecosystem Structure and Function along Urban‐Rural Gradients: An Unexploited Opportunity for Ecology , 1990 .
[12] P. Jones,et al. The Effect of Urban Warming on the Northern Hemisphere Temperature Average , 1989 .
[13] E. Davidson,et al. Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change , 2006, Nature.
[14] Frederick Steiner,et al. The living landscape : an ecological approach to landscape planning , 2000 .
[15] J. Walker,et al. Ecohydrological Changes in the Murray-Darling Basin. I. The Number of Trees Cleared Over Two Centuries , 1993 .
[16] Roderick C. Dewar,et al. Carbon Allocation in Trees: a Review of Concepts for Modelling , 1994 .
[17] F. Joos,et al. A first‐order analysis of the potential rôle of CO2 fertilization to affect the global carbon budget: a comparison of four terrestrial biosphere models , 1999 .
[18] Zong-Liang Yang,et al. Preliminary study of spin‐up processes in land surface models with the first stage data of Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes Phase 1(a) , 1995 .
[19] J. Townshend,et al. Global Percent Tree Cover at a Spatial Resolution of 500 Meters: First Results of the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields Algorithm , 2003 .
[20] S. Wofsy,et al. Physiological responses of a black spruce forest to weather , 1997 .
[21] R. Betts. Biogeophysical impacts of land use on present‐day climate: near‐surface temperature change and radiative forcing , 2001 .
[22] I. R. Cowan,et al. Stomatal conductance correlates with photosynthetic capacity , 1979, Nature.
[23] F. Woodward. Leaf Responses to the Environment and Extrapolation to Larger Scales , 1993 .
[24] J. Lean,et al. The effect of increasing solar activity on the Sun's total and open magnetic flux during multiple cycles: Implications for solar forcing of climate , 2002 .
[25] Timothy R. Oke,et al. Towards a prescription for the greater use of climatic principles in settlement planning , 1984 .
[26] E. Davidson,et al. The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures , 1994, Nature.
[27] R. Houghton,et al. Changes in terrestrial carbon storage in the United States. 2: The role of fire and fire management , 2000 .
[28] Taro Takahashi,et al. Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models , 2002, Nature.
[29] R. Bras,et al. A Description of Rainfall Interception over Large Areas. , 1993 .
[30] Jonathan A. Foley,et al. Long-Term Variability in a Coupled Atmosphere–Biosphere Model , 2004 .
[31] D. P. Carrington,et al. Climate sensitivity to wetlands and wetland vegetation in mid-Holocene North Africa , 2001 .
[32] J. Prospero,et al. Atmospheric transport of soil dust from Africa to South America , 1981, Nature.
[33] R. Betts. Offset of the potential carbon sink from boreal forestation by decreases in surface albedo , 2000, Nature.
[34] K. Oleson,et al. A dynamic global vegetation model for use with climate models: concepts and description of simulated vegetation dynamics , 2003 .
[35] J. R. Garratt,et al. Transfer characteristics for a heterogeneous surface of large aerodynamic roughness , 1978 .
[36] Randal D. Koster,et al. Relative contributions of land and ocean processes to precipitation variability , 1995 .
[37] E. F. Bradley,et al. Flux-Gradient Relationships in a Forest Canopy , 1985 .
[38] Albert Rango,et al. Snow Cover and Temperature Relationships in North America and Eurasia , 1983 .
[39] Richard H. Cuenca,et al. Soil water balance in a boreal forest , 1997 .
[40] O. Boucher,et al. Ice-free glacial northern Asia due to dust deposition on snow , 2006 .
[41] Victor Brovkin,et al. Simulation of an abrupt change in Saharan vegetation in the Mid‐Holocene , 1999 .
[42] I. Prentice,et al. The climate and biomes of Europe at 6000 yr BP: Comparison of model simulations and pollen-based reconstructions , 1998 .
[43] F. Bazzaz. 1 – Allocation of Resources in Plants: State of the Science and Critical Questions , 1997 .
[44] R. Siegwolf,et al. Carbon Flux and Growth in Mature Deciduous Forest Trees Exposed to Elevated CO2 , 2005, Science.
[45] Gordon M. Heisler,et al. Rating Winter Crown Density of Deciduous Trees: A Photographic Procedure , 1986, Landscape Journal.
[46] H. Matthews. Implications of CO2 fertilization for future climate change in a coupled climate–carbon model , 2007 .
[47] Compton J. Tucker,et al. Sensitivity of Climate to Changes in NDVI , 2000 .
[48] Steven W. Running,et al. Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): the importance of water availability , 1999 .
[49] Stephen H. Schneider,et al. The Coevolution Of Climate And Life , 1984 .
[50] S. Liess,et al. Impacts of deforestation and afforestation in the Mediterranean region as simulated by the MPI atmospheric GCM , 2001 .
[51] Richard H. Waring,et al. Application of the pipe model theory to predict canopy leaf area. , 1982 .
[52] Ramakrishna R. Nemani,et al. Global vegetation cover changes from coarse resolution satellite data , 1996 .
[53] M. Harmon,et al. Ecology of Coarse Woody Debris in Temperate Ecosystems , 1986 .
[54] I. R. Cowan,et al. Leaf Conductance in Relation to Rate of CO(2) Assimilation: III. Influences of Water Stress and Photoinhibition. , 1985, Plant physiology.
[55] D. Beerling,et al. Reading a CO2 signal from fossil stomata. , 2002, The New phytologist.
[56] Peter S. Curtis,et al. A meta-analysis of elevated CO2 effects on woody plant mass, form, and physiology , 1998, Oecologia.
[57] Marcia L. Branstetter,et al. Continental runoff dynamics in the Community Climate System Model 2 (CCSM2) control simulation , 2003 .
[58] S. Running,et al. A continental phenology model for monitoring vegetation responses to interannual climatic variability , 1997 .
[59] J. P. Grime,et al. Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. , 1980 .
[60] D. Lüthi,et al. The Soil-Precipitation Feedback: A Process Study with a Regional Climate Model , 1999 .
[61] Frederick E. Boland,et al. Analysis of Urban-Rural Canopy Using a Surface Heat Flux/Temperature Model , 1978 .
[62] J. Townshend,et al. African Land-Cover Classification Using Satellite Data , 1985, Science.
[63] D. Lettenmaier,et al. A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models , 1994 .
[64] J. Grace,et al. Temperature and stature: a study of temperatures in montane vegetation , 1987 .
[65] J. Famiglietti,et al. Multiscale modeling of spatially variable water and energy balance processes , 1994 .
[66] Michael Hough. City form and natural process: Towards a new urban vernacular , 1984 .
[67] William James Shuttleworth,et al. Dry Season Micrometeorology of Central Amazonian Ranchland , 1992 .
[68] A. Pitman. The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed for climate models , 2003 .
[69] S. Running,et al. Contribution of increasing CO2 and climate to carbon storage by ecosystems in the United States. , 2000, Science.
[70] W. Rouse,et al. Energy partitioning at treeline forest and tundra sites and its sensitivity to climate change , 1995 .
[71] F. Robertson,et al. Thresholds in atmosphere–soil moisture interactions: Results from climate model studies , 2002 .
[72] Xiangming Xiao,et al. Equilibrium responses of global net primary production and carbon storage to doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide: Sensitivity to changes in vegetation nitrogen concentration , 1997 .
[73] Thomas R. Karl. The Relationship of Soil Moisture Parameterizations to Subsequent Seasonal and Monthly Mean Temperature in the United States , 1986 .
[74] Steven W. Hostetler,et al. Two-Year Simulation of the Great Lakes Region with a Coupled Modeling System , 1995 .
[75] W. Oechel,et al. The Role of Bryophytes in Nutrient Cycling in the Taiga , 1986 .
[76] B. Marticorena,et al. Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1. Design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme , 1995 .
[77] Randal D. Koster,et al. Influence of the Interannual Variability of Vegetation on the Surface Energy Balance—A Global Sensitivity Study , 2002 .
[78] Eric A. Davidson,et al. Biogeochemistry: Soil warming and organic carbon content , 2000, Nature.
[79] Martin Heimann,et al. Global and hemispheric CO2 sinks deduced from changes in atmospheric O2 concentration , 1996, Nature.
[80] A. Weaver,et al. Primary productivity control of simulated carbon cycle–climate feedbacks , 2005 .
[81] Scott D. Miller,et al. DIEL AND SEASONAL PATTERNS OF TROPICAL FOREST CO2 EXCHANGE , 2004 .
[82] Mei Zhao,et al. The impact of land cover change on the atmospheric circulation , 2001 .
[83] J. Kutzbach,et al. Feedbacks between climate and boreal forests during the Holocene epoch , 1994, Nature.
[84] Valéry Masson,et al. A Physically-Based Scheme For The Urban Energy Budget In Atmospheric Models , 2000 .
[85] C. Donald Ahrens,et al. Essentials of Meteorology: An Invitation to the Atmosphere , 1993 .
[86] Wolfgang Lucht,et al. Effects of changes in CO2, climate, and land use on the carbon balance of the land biosphere during the 21st century , 2007 .
[87] R. Avissar,et al. Verification Study of a Numerical Greenhouse Microclimate Model , 1982 .
[88] A. Henderson‐sellers,et al. Sensitivity of global climate model simulations to increased stomatal resistance and CO2 increases , 1995 .
[89] Plant science: Tall storeys , 2004, Nature.
[90] Gregg Marland,et al. Managing soil organic carbon in agriculture: the net effect on greenhouse gas emissions , 2003 .
[91] Rik Leemans,et al. Defining the importance of including transient ecosystem responses to simulate C‐cycle dynamics in a global change model , 2000 .
[92] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. Factors controlling evaporation and energy partitioning beneath a deciduous forest over an annual cycle , 2000 .
[93] M. Watkins,et al. GRACE Measurements of Mass Variability in the Earth System , 2004, Science.
[94] B. Cook,et al. Soil Moisture Feedbacks to Precipitation in Southern Africa , 2006 .
[95] T. Webb,. Is vegetation in equilibrium with climate? How to interpret late-Quaternary pollen data , 1986, Vegetatio.
[96] J. Grace,et al. Climate and the meristem temperatures of plant communities near the tree-line , 1989, Oecologia.
[97] Thomas R. Karl,et al. Drought in the United States: 1895–1981 , 1982 .
[98] Marten Scheffer,et al. Regime Shifts in the Sahara and Sahel: Interactions between Ecological and Climatic Systems in Northern Africa , 2003, Ecosystems.
[99] S. Running,et al. Satellite Evidence of Phenological Differences Between Urbanized and Rural Areas of the Eastern United States Deciduous Broadleaf Forest , 2002, Ecosystems.
[100] E. Boyle,et al. Detecting holocene changes in thermohaline circulation. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[101] R. Dickinson,et al. The land surface climatology of the community land model coupled to the NCAR community climate model , 2002 .
[102] C. Moulin,et al. Impact of human‐induced desertification on the intensification of Sahel dust emission and export over the last decades , 2006 .
[103] Edward V. Browell,et al. The Amazon Boundary-Layer Experiment (ABLE 2B) - A meteorological perspective , 1990 .
[104] D. Legates,et al. Mean seasonal and spatial variability in global surface air temperature , 1990 .
[105] S. Nicholson. An Overview of African Rainfall Fluctuations of the Last Decade , 1993 .
[106] A. Robock,et al. Climate model simulation of winter warming and summer cooling following the 1991 Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption , 1999 .
[107] P. Jarvis. The Interpretation of the Variations in Leaf Water Potential and Stomatal Conductance Found in Canopies in the Field , 1976 .
[108] F. Joos,et al. Solar influence on climate during the past millennium: Results from transient simulations with the NCAR Climate System Model , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[109] J. Jouzel,et al. Extending the Vostok ice-core record of palaeoclimate to the penultimate glacial period , 1993, Nature.
[110] T. Chase,et al. Representing a new MODIS consistent land surface in the Community Land Model (CLM 3.0) , 2007 .
[111] Guiling Wang,et al. Modeling seasonal vegetation variation and its validation against Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations over North America , 2005 .
[112] Matthias Herbst,et al. Calculation and simulation of wind controlled canopy interception of a beech forest in Northern Germany , 1996 .
[113] A. Strahler,et al. The footprint of urban climates on vegetation phenology , 2004 .
[114] J. Townshend,et al. Continuous fields of vegetation characteristics at the global scale at 1‐km resolution , 1999 .
[115] R. Ruess,et al. Contributions of fine root production and turnover to the carbon and nitrogen cycling in taiga forests of the Alaskan interior , 1996 .
[116] P. Jarvis,et al. The Direct Effects of Increase in the Global Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Natural and Commercial Temperate Trees and Forests , 1989 .
[117] T. Oke. Canyon geometry and the nocturnal urban heat island: Comparison of scale model and field observations , 1981 .
[118] Herman H. Shugart,et al. A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest: Contents , 1992 .
[119] J. Prospero. Long‐term measurements of the transport of African mineral dust to the southeastern United States: Implications for regional air quality , 1999 .
[120] James S. Clark,et al. MOLECULAR INDICATORS OF TREE MIGRATION CAPACITY UNDER RAPID CLIMATE CHANGE , 2005 .
[121] Stephen D. Prince,et al. Regional pattern and interannual variations in global terrestrial carbon uptake in response to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 , 2005 .
[122] E. Matthews. Global litter production, pools, and turnover times: Estimates from measurement data and regression models , 1997 .
[123] J. Mccaughey. The albedo of a mature mixed forest and a clear-cut site at Petawawa, Ontario , 1987 .
[124] Wolfgang Cramer,et al. Plant functional types and climatic change: Introduction , 1996 .
[125] G. Meehl,et al. The Importance of Land-Cover Change in Simulating Future Climates , 2005, Science.
[126] C. Lorius,et al. Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2 , 1987, Nature.
[127] P. Ciais,et al. Effect of climate and CO2 changes on the greening of the Northern Hemisphere over the past two decades , 2006 .
[128] Michael G. Bosilovich,et al. Numerical simulation of the 1993 midwestern flood , 1999 .
[129] Robert J. Scholes,et al. The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide , 2001 .
[130] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. Climate and vegetation controls on boreal zone energy exchange , 2000, Global change biology.
[131] J. Kutzbach,et al. Sensitivity of climate to late Cenozoic uplift in southern Asia and the American west: Numerical experiments , 1989 .
[132] J. Peñuelas,et al. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern , 2006 .
[133] F. Bormann. Factors Determining the Role of Loblolly Pine and Sweetgum in Early Old-Field Succession in the Piedmont of North Carolina , 1953 .
[134] S. Dicks,et al. Association of urban temperatures with land use and surface materials , 1987 .
[135] J. Lovelock. The Ages of Gaia: A Biography of Our Living Earth , 1988 .
[136] A. Pitman,et al. The Impact of 200 Years of Land Cover Change on the Australian Near-Surface Climate , 2003 .
[137] Eric F. Wood,et al. A land-surface hydrology parameterization with subgrid variability for general circulation models , 1992 .
[138] Inez Y. Fung,et al. Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modification , 1995 .
[139] T. Oke,et al. Suburban-rural energy balance comparisons in summer for Vancouver, B.C. , 1986 .
[140] A. Watt,et al. Pattern and process in the plant community , 1947 .
[141] W. Post,et al. Conversion from agriculture to grassland builds soil organic matter on decadal timescales. , 2006, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.
[142] Henry J. Oosting,et al. An Ecological Analysis of the Plant Communities of Piedmont, North Carolina , 1942 .
[143] A. Osawa,et al. Allometric Theory Explains Self‐Thinning Relationships of Mountain Beech and Red Pine , 1993 .
[144] R. P. McIntosh. Succession and Ecological Theory , 1981 .
[145] Piers J. Sellers,et al. Amazonian Deforestation and Regional Climate Change , 1991 .
[146] H. Birks,et al. Vegetation and Land-Use History at Diss, Norfolk, U.K. , 1989 .
[147] E. N. Lawrence. Urban climate and day of the week , 1971 .
[148] G. Vourlitis,et al. Ecological research in the large-scale biosphere-atmosphere experiment in Amazonia: early results , 2004 .
[149] W. Cotton,et al. Simulation of St. Louis, Missouri, Land Use Impacts on Thunderstorms , 2003 .
[150] M. Loutre,et al. Insolation and Earth's orbital periods , 1993 .
[151] J. Foley,et al. Combined Effects of Deforestation and Doubled Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on the Climate of Amazonia , 2000 .
[152] Eric F. Wood,et al. Predicting the Discharge of Global Rivers , 2001, Journal of Climate.
[153] A. Friend. The Prediction and Physiological Significance of Tree Height , 1993 .
[154] John A. Eddy,et al. The Maunder Minimum , 1976, Science.
[155] James L. Davis,et al. Land water storage within the Congo Basin inferred from GRACE satellite gravity data , 2006 .
[156] Christopher B. Field,et al. Mapping the land surface for global atmosphere‐biosphere models: Toward continuous distributions of vegetation's functional properties , 1995 .
[157] T. Oke. The urban energy balance , 1988 .
[158] J. Hewlett,et al. A REVIEW OF CATCHMENT EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF VEGETATION CHANGES ON WATER YIELD AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION , 1982 .
[159] P. Dirmeyer,et al. Modeling the Effect of Land Surface Evaporation Variability on Precipitation Variability. Part I: General Response , 2002 .
[160] Claudia Tebaldi,et al. Combinations of Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings in Twentieth-Century Climate , 2004 .
[161] N. Stephenson. Climatic Control of Vegetation Distribution: The Role of the Water Balance , 1990, The American Naturalist.
[162] M. Clark,et al. Relationships between Spring Snow Mass and Summer Precipitation in the Southwestern United States Associated with the North American Monsoon System , 2002 .
[163] Pierre Friedlingstein,et al. A global prognostic scheme of leaf onset using satellite data , 2000 .
[164] P. Friedlingstein,et al. On the contribution of CO2 fertilization to the missing biospheric sink , 1995 .
[165] J. Walsh,et al. Sensitivity of 30-Day Dynamical Forecasts to Continental Snow cover , 1988 .
[166] Stanley A. Changnon,et al. Assessment of Historical Thunderstorm Data for Urban Effects: The Chicago Case , 2001 .
[167] J. Perlwitz,et al. Feedback upon dust emission by dust radiative forcing through the planetary boundary layer , 2004 .
[168] G. Marland,et al. Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil‐fuel use, 1751–1950 , 1999 .
[169] J. Melillo,et al. The potential storage of carbon caused by eutrophication of the biosphere , 1985 .
[170] J. Lean,et al. Simulation of the regional climatic impact of Amazon deforestation , 1989, Nature.
[171] Ü. Rannik,et al. Productivity overshadows temperature in determining soil and ecosystem respiration across European forests , 2001 .
[172] I. Tegen,et al. Radiative Forcing of a Tropical Direct Circulation by Soil Dust Aerosols , 1999 .
[173] Stephen H. Schneider,et al. Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather , 1996 .
[174] Tingjun Zhang. Influence of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime: An overview , 2005 .
[175] C. Nobre,et al. Climatic Effects of Amazonian Deforestation: Some Results from ABRACOS , 1997 .
[176] J. Fritsch,et al. Lake-Aggregate Mesoscale Disturbances. Part II: A Case Study of the Effects on Regional and Synoptic-Scale Weather Systems , 1994 .
[177] C. Körner. CO2 Fertilization: The Great Uncertainty in Future Vegetation Development , 1993 .
[178] Stephen Sitch,et al. Role of land cover changes for atmospheric CO2 increase and climate change during the last 150 years , 2004 .
[179] S. Running,et al. Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity – evidence since the middle of the 20th century , 2006 .
[180] A. Arneth,et al. Evaporation from an eastern Siberian larch forest , 1997 .
[181] N. Mahowald,et al. Global Iron Connections Between Desert Dust, Ocean Biogeochemistry, and Climate , 2005, Science.
[182] Stephen Sitch,et al. Projected Changes in Terrestrial Carbon Storage in Europe under Climate and Land-use Change, 1990–2100 , 2007, Ecosystems.
[183] D. Gutzler. Covariability of Spring Snowpack and Summer Rainfall across the Southwest United States , 2000 .
[184] Randal D. Koster,et al. Impact of Land Surface Initialization on Seasonal Precipitation and Temperature Prediction , 2003 .
[185] Rosenfeld,et al. Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution , 2000, Science.
[186] K. Beven,et al. Testing a physically-based flood forecasting model (TOPMODEL) for three U.K. catchments , 1984 .
[187] K. Thompson. Forests and climate change in America: Some early views , 1990 .
[188] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. A spectral and lag-correlation analysis of turbulence in a deciduous forest canopy , 1988 .
[189] J. Jouzel,et al. The cold event 8200 years ago documented in oxygen isotope records of precipitation in Europe and Greenland , 1998 .
[190] Josep Peñuelas,et al. Changes in N and S Leaf Content, Stomatal Density and Specific Leaf Area of 14 Plant Species during the Last Three Centuries of CO2 Increase , 1990 .
[191] Steward T. A. Pickett,et al. THE APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES TO URBAN AND URBANIZING LANDSCAPES , 2000 .
[192] D. Randall,et al. A Revised Land Surface Parameterization (SiB2) for Atmospheric GCMS. Part I: Model Formulation , 1996 .
[193] T. Oke,et al. Suburban Energy Balance Estimates for Vancouver, B.C., Using the Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance Approach , 1980 .
[194] T. A. Black,et al. Spatial and temporal variability of CO2 concentration and flux in a boreal aspen forest , 1999 .
[195] Ramakrishna R. Nemani,et al. Testing a theoretical climate-soil-leaf area hydrologic equilibrium of forests using satellite data and ecosystem simulation , 1989 .
[196] D. Leathers,et al. The association between extremes in North American snow cover extent and United States temperatures , 1993 .
[197] Dara Entekhabi,et al. Rainfall Variability in Equatorial and Southern Africa: Relationships with Sea Surface Temperatures along the Southwestern Coast of Africa , 1987 .
[198] D. Randall,et al. Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model: Part 2: Simulated CO2 concentrations , 1996 .
[199] John M. Norman,et al. Root mass, net primary production and turnover in aspen, jack pine and black spruce forests in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. , 1997, Tree physiology.
[200] André Berger,et al. Long-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary climatic changes , 1978 .
[201] D. Lettenmaier,et al. Role of antecedent land surface conditions in warm season precipitation over northwestern Mexico , 2007 .
[202] B Huntley,et al. Reconstructing biomes from palaeoecological data: a general method and its application to European pollen data at 0 and 6 ka , 1996 .
[203] H. W. Hunt,et al. Management options for reducing CO2 emissions from agricultural soils , 2000 .
[204] F. Stuart Chapin,et al. Integrated Responses of Plants to Stress , 1991 .
[205] R. Fisher,et al. ORGANIC MATTER PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION IN SLASH PINE (PINUS ELLIOTTII) PLANTATIONS , 1982 .
[206] P. P. Harris,et al. Amazonian climate: results and future research , 2004 .
[207] Climate and history in the late 18th and early 19th centuries , 1992 .
[208] R. Whittaker. Forest Dimensions and Production in the Great Smoky Mountains , 1966 .
[209] R. Dickinson,et al. The Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS): Phases 2 and 3 , 1993 .
[210] J. Kutzbach,et al. Potential role of vegetation feedback in the climate sensitivity of high-latitude regions: A case study at 6000 years B.P. , 1996 .
[211] Jianjun Ge,et al. Impacts of land use/cover classification accuracy on regional climate simulations , 2007 .
[212] Tracy E. Twine,et al. Effects of Land Cover Change on the Energy and Water Balance of the Mississippi River Basin , 2004 .
[213] P. Marks,et al. STAND STRUCTURE AND ALLOMETRY OF TREES DURING SELF-THINNING OF PURE STANDS , 1978 .
[214] A. H. Gordon. Weekdays warmer than weekends? , 1994, Nature.
[215] R. Pielke,et al. An overview of regional land-use and land-cover impacts on rainfall , 2007 .
[216] R. Zweifel,et al. Dynamics of water storage in mature subalpine Picea abies: temporal and spatial patterns of change in stem radius. , 2001, Tree physiology.
[217] Arun Kumar,et al. A retrospective assessment of National Centers for Environmental Prediction climate model-based ensemble hydrologic forecasting in the western United States , 2005 .
[218] J. Harper. Population Biology of Plants , 1979 .
[219] W. Reiners. Twenty years of ecosystem reorganization following experimental deforestation and regrowth suppression , 1992 .
[220] Keith W. Oleson,et al. Landscapes as patches of plant functional types: An integrating concept for climate and ecosystem models , 2002 .
[221] Roger A. Pielke,et al. Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate , 2000, Global change biology.
[222] Leslie A. Viereck,et al. Vegetation, soils, and forest productivity in selected forest types in interior Alaska , 1983 .
[223] Miller,et al. The Anomalous Rainfall over the United States during July 1993: Sensitivity to Land Surface Parameterization and Soil Moisture Anomalies , 1996 .
[224] William P. Lowry. Atmospheric ecology for designers and planners , 1988 .
[225] T. Webb,,et al. Late Quaternary biomes of Canada and the eastern United States , 2000 .
[226] John E. Walsh,et al. Thermodynamic and Hydrological Impacts of Increasing Greenness in Northern High Latitudes , 2006 .
[227] G. Bonan,et al. Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate , 1992, Nature.
[228] R. Waring,et al. Evergreen Coniferous Forests of the Pacific Northwest , 1979, Science.
[229] A. Arneth,et al. Evaporation from a central Siberian pine forest , 1998 .
[230] A. Arnfield. Street Design and Urban Canyon Solar Access , 1990 .
[231] John E. Walsh,et al. Seasonal Snow Cover and Short-Term Climatic Fluctuations over the United States , 1982 .
[232] G. Likens,et al. The biogeochemistry of potassium at Hubbard Brook , 1994 .
[233] D. Pollard,et al. Simulation of the relative impact of land cover and carbon dioxide to climate change from 1700 to 2100 , 2005 .
[234] W. Schlesinger. Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change , 1991 .
[235] M. D. Schwartz. Examining the Spring Discontinuity in Daily Temperature Ranges , 1996 .
[236] Ramakrishna R. Nemani,et al. A generalized, bioclimatic index to predict foliar phenology in response to climate , 2004 .
[237] F. Giorgi,et al. Toward the Simulation of the Effects of the Great Lakes on Regional Climate , 1993 .
[238] S. Running,et al. Leaf Area of Mature Northwestern Coniferous Forests: Relation to Site Water Balance , 1977 .
[239] D. Montgomery,et al. 8 - Soils, Watershed Processes, and Marine Sediments , 2000 .
[240] Ronald M. Welch,et al. Impact of land use on Costa Rican tropical montane cloud forests: Sensitivity of orographic cloud formation to deforestation in the plains , 2006 .
[241] I. Fung,et al. Modeling of mineral dust in the atmosphere: Sources, transport, and optical thickness , 1994 .
[242] S. Running,et al. 8 – Generalization of a Forest Ecosystem Process Model for Other Biomes, BIOME-BGC, and an Application for Global-Scale Models , 1993 .
[243] Paul J. Kramer,et al. The Physiological Ecology of Woody Plants , 1991 .
[244] T. Downing,et al. Global Desertification: Building a Science for Dryland Development , 2007, Science.
[245] G. Miller,et al. Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction , 2005, Science.
[246] Pedro Viterbo,et al. Land-surface, boundary layer, and cloud-field coupling over the southwestern Amazon in ERA-40 , 2005 .
[247] H. Diaz,et al. Urbanization: Its Detection and Effect in the United States Climate Record , 1988 .
[248] R. Dickinson. Land Surface Processes and Climate—Surface Albedos and Energy Balance , 1983 .
[249] K. Kikuzawa. A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Leaf Habit and Leaf Longevity of Trees and Their Geographical Pattern , 1991, The American Naturalist.
[250] D. Tilman. Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities. (MPB-26), Volume 26 , 1988 .
[251] H. L. Penman. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass , 1948, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.
[252] Stan D. Wullschleger,et al. Biochemical Limitations to Carbon Assimilation in C3 Plants—A Retrospective Analysis of the A/Ci Curves from 109 Species , 1993 .
[253] Christopher B. Field,et al. FOREST CARBON SINKS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE , 2002 .
[254] Zong-Liang Yang,et al. Sensitivity of Latent Heat Flux from PILPS Land-Surface Schemes to Perturbations of Surface Air Temperature , 1998 .
[255] T. P. Barnett,et al. High-resolution palaeoclimatic records for the last millennium: interpretation, integration and comparison with General Circulation Model control-run temperatures , 1998 .
[256] S. J. Goetz,et al. Monitoring primary production from Earth observing satellites , 1995 .
[257] D. Walker,et al. Greening of arctic Alaska, 1981–2001 , 2003 .
[258] S. Levin,et al. The role of mosaic phenomena in natural communities. , 1977, Theoretical population biology.
[259] Crystal B. Schaaf,et al. Radiative forcing due to anthropogenic vegetation change based on MODIS surface albedo data , 2005 .
[260] V. Lakshmi,et al. Links between Snow Cover, Surface Skin Temperature, and Rainfall Variability in the North American Monsoon System. , 2003 .
[261] Vivek K. Arora,et al. Estimating changes in global vegetation cover (1850–2100) for use in climate models , 2006 .
[262] Roger A. Pielke,et al. Modelled changes in arctic tundra snow, energy and moisture fluxes due to increased shrubs , 2002 .
[263] Robert H. Whittaker,et al. Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains , 1956 .
[264] Timothy R. Oke,et al. Heat Storage in Urban Areas: Local-Scale Observations and Evaluation of a Simple Model , 1999 .
[265] J. Kennett. Cenozoic evolution of Antarctic glaciation the Circum-Antarctic Ocean and their impact on global paleoceanography , 1977 .
[266] D. Foster. Land-use History and Forest Transformations in Central New England , 1993 .
[267] John Wahr,et al. Estimating Large-Scale Precipitation Minus Evapotranspiration from GRACE Satellite Gravity Measurements , 2006 .
[268] Scott D. Miller,et al. SEASONALITY OF WATER AND HEAT FLUXES OVER A TROPICAL FOREST IN EASTERN AMAZONIA , 2004 .
[269] J. Hurrell,et al. DECADAL VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE ASSOCIATED WITH THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION , 1997 .
[270] A. Weaver,et al. Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Dynamics under Recent and Future Climate Change , 2005 .
[271] J. Kutzbach,et al. Plateau uplift and climatic change , 1991 .
[272] P. Sousounis. Lake-Aggregate Mesoscale Disturbances. Part IV: Development of a Mesoscale Aggregate Vortex , 1998 .
[273] Clemente Gallardo,et al. Sensitivity of the Iberian Peninsula climate to a land degradation , 2003 .
[274] J. Townshend,et al. Development of a MODIS tree cover validation data set for Western Province, Zambia , 2002 .
[275] J. Kutzbach,et al. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya–Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times , 2001, Nature.
[276] Jörg Kaduk,et al. A prognostic phenology scheme for global terrestrial carbon cycle models , 1996 .
[277] Syukuro Manabe,et al. The Influence of Soil Wetness on Near-Surface Atmospheric Variability , 1989 .
[278] R. Shaw,et al. Development of a Coupled Leaf and Canopy Model for the Simulation of Plant-Atmosphere Interaction , 1996 .
[279] Guiling Wang,et al. Biosphere—atmosphere interactions over West Africa. II: Multiple climate equilibria , 2007 .
[280] Syukuro Manabe,et al. The influence of potential evaporation on the variabilities of simulated soil wetness and climate , 1988 .
[281] R. Schnur,et al. Climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis: Results from the C , 2006 .
[282] J. Monteith,et al. Boundary Layer Climates. , 1979 .
[283] Keith Beven,et al. Catchment geomorphology and the dynamics of runoff contributing areas , 1983 .
[284] F. Woodward,et al. Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to global climate change , 1998, Nature.
[285] Pamela A. Matson,et al. HUMAN APPROPRIATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS , 1986 .
[286] H. S. Horn,et al. The Ecology of Secondary Succession , 1974 .
[287] Timothy R. Oke,et al. Towards better scientific communication in urban climate , 2006 .
[288] F. Clements. Scientific Books: Plant Succession. An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation , 2009 .
[289] Roger A. Pielke,et al. The impact of anthropogenic land-cover change on the Florida Peninsula Sea Breezes and warm season sensible weather , 2004 .
[290] George C. Hurtt,et al. Reid's Paradox of Rapid Plant Migration Dispersal theory and interpretation of paleoecological records , 1998 .
[291] L. Picon,et al. Effect of a Change of the Surface Albedo of the Sahel on Climate , 1986 .
[292] R. Mahmood,et al. Impact of Irrigation on Midsummer Surface Fluxes and Temperature under Dry Synoptic Conditions: A Regional Atmospheric Model Study of the U.S. High Plains , 2003 .
[293] J. Townshend,et al. Global land cover classi(cid:142) cation at 1 km spatial resolution using a classi(cid:142) cation tree approach , 2004 .
[294] W. Kurz,et al. 20th century carbon budget of Canadian forests , 1995 .
[295] J. R. Runkle. CANOPY TREE TURNOVER IN OLD‐GROWTH MESIC FORESTS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA , 2000 .
[296] R. Avissar,et al. Intensified soil solarization with closed greenhouses: Numerical and experimental studies , 1987 .
[297] J. Overpeck,et al. Abrupt Climate Change , 2003, Science.
[298] Alan K. Knapp,et al. Physiological Interactions Along Resource Gradients in a Tallgrass Prairie , 1991 .
[299] F. I. Woodward,et al. Stomatal numbers are sensitive to increases in CO2 from pre-industrial levels , 1987, Nature.
[300] Guiling Wang,et al. Impact of Vegetation Feedback on the Response of Precipitation to Antecedent Soil Moisture Anomalies over North America , 2007 .
[301] G. Hollis. The Effect of Urbanization on Floods of Different Recurrence Interval , 1975 .
[302] M. G. Ryan,et al. Hydraulic Limits to Tree Height and Tree Growth , 1997 .
[303] R. Ceulemans,et al. Forest response to elevated CO2 is conserved across a broad range of productivity. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[304] James Marston Fitch,et al. American Building: The Environmental Forces That Shape It , 1975 .
[305] T. Wigley,et al. Variations in solar luminosity and their effect on the Earth's climate , 2006, Nature.
[306] R. Koster,et al. The Rhône-Aggregation Land Surface Scheme Intercomparison Project: An Overview , 2002 .
[307] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to inclusion of inland water surfaces , 1995 .
[308] David M. Lawrence,et al. An annual cycle of vegetation in a GCM. Part II: global impacts on climate and hydrology , 2004 .
[309] H. Douville,et al. Sensitivity of the Asian summer monsoon to an anomalous Eurasian snow cover within the Météo-France GCM , 1996 .
[310] C. Zender,et al. Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology , 2003 .
[311] James N. Galloway,et al. Atmospheric deposition of nutrients to the North Atlantic Basin. , 1996 .
[312] J. Townshend,et al. A new global 1‐km dataset of percentage tree cover derived from remote sensing , 2000 .
[313] I. C. Prentice,et al. A dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere‐biosphere system , 2005 .
[314] Werner Eugster,et al. Historical land use changes and mesoscale summer climate on the Swiss Plateau , 2005 .
[315] Tadahisa Katayama,et al. A comparison of field surveys on the thermal environment in urban areas surroundings a large pond: when filled and when drained , 1991 .
[316] Victor Brovkin,et al. Assessing climate forcings of the Earth system for the past millennium , 2003 .
[317] Andrew D. Friend,et al. ‘The Influence of Land Use Change On Global-Scale Fluxes of Carbon from Terrestrial Ecosystems’ , 2004 .
[318] J. Prospero,et al. Deposition rate of particulate and dissolved aluminum derived from saharan dust in precipitation at Miami, Florida , 1987 .
[319] Mary Jo Brodzik,et al. Recent northern hemisphere snow extent: A comparison of data derived from visible and microwave satellite sensors , 2001 .
[320] P. Rasch,et al. Atmospheric CO2 simulated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: 1. Mean fields and seasonal cycles , 1998 .
[321] P. Reich,et al. Nitrogen limitation constrains sustainability of ecosystem response to CO2 , 2006, Nature.
[322] W. Knorr,et al. Enhanced albedo feedback in North Africa from possible combined vegetation and soil-formation processes , 2006 .
[323] C. Grimmond,et al. Intraurban Differences of Surface Energy Fluxes in a Central European City , 2006 .
[324] R. Betts,et al. The role of ecosystem-atmosphere interactions in simulated Amazonian precipitation decrease and forest dieback under global climate warming , 2004 .
[325] W. Post,et al. Historical variations in terrestrial biospheric carbon storage , 1997 .
[326] G. Marland,et al. A synthesis of carbon sequestration, carbon emissions, and net carbon flux in agriculture: comparing tillage practices in the United States , 2002 .
[327] S. Frolking,et al. The Boreal Climate , 2004 .
[328] John D. Aber,et al. FOLIAGE-HEIGHT PROFILES AND SUCCESSION IN NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS' , 1979 .
[329] P. Crutzen,et al. Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry , 1997 .
[330] Randal D. Koster,et al. The Interplay between Transpiration and Runoff Formulations in Land Surface Schemes Used with Atmospheric Models , 1997 .
[331] G. Likens,et al. The biogeochemistry of calcium at Hubbard Brook , 1998 .
[332] Guiling Wang,et al. Role of vegetation dynamics in enhancing the low‐frequency variability of the Sahel rainfall , 2000 .
[333] P. Crutzen,et al. Biomass Burning in the Tropics: Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogeochemical Cycles , 1990, Science.
[334] James W. Hurrell,et al. The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climate Significance and Environmental Impact , 2003 .
[335] F. Chauvin,et al. Influence of Soil Moisture on the Asian and African Monsoons. Part I: Mean Monsoon and Daily Precipitation , 2001 .
[336] Peter M. Lafleur,et al. Energy balance and evapotranspiration from a subarctic forest , 1992 .
[337] R. Ahas,et al. Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere , 2006 .
[338] J. Hansen,et al. Global temperature change , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[339] John Moncrieff,et al. Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy exchanges of a boreal black spruce forest , 1997 .
[340] Finzi,et al. Net primary production of a forest ecosystem with experimental CO2 enrichment , 1999, Science.
[341] Marc Stieglitz,et al. Advantages of a topographically controlled runoff simulation in a soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model , 2002 .
[342] Roberta E. Martin,et al. GRAZING SYSTEMS, ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES, AND GLOBAL CHANGE , 2004 .
[343] A. Henderson‐sellers,et al. The Compounding Effects of Tropical Deforestation and Greenhouse Warming on Climate , 2001 .
[344] Axel Kleidon,et al. Optimised rooting depth and its impacts on the simulated climate of an atmospheric general circulation model , 1998 .
[345] G. Henderson,et al. Terrestrial Nutrient Cycling , 1989 .
[346] W. Larcher. Physiological Plant Ecology , 1977 .
[347] J. Moncrieff,et al. Fluxes of carbon dioxide and water vapour over an undisturbed tropical forest in south‐west Amazonia , 1995 .
[348] Richard Ellefsen,et al. Mapping and measuring buildings in the canopy boundary layer in ten U.S. cities , 1991 .
[349] Toby N. Carlson,et al. The impact of land use — land cover changes due to urbanization on surface microclimate and hydrology: a satellite perspective , 2000 .
[350] I. C. Prentice,et al. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model , 2003 .
[351] C. Kucharik. Evaluation of a Process-Based Agro-Ecosystem Model (Agro-IBIS) across the U.S. Corn Belt: Simulations of the Interannual Variability in Maize Yield , 2003 .
[352] Limin Yang,et al. Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data , 2000 .
[353] C. Federer,et al. Streamflow Changes after Forest Clearing in New England , 1970 .
[354] C. Elvidge,et al. A Technique for Using Composite DMSP/OLS "City Lights"Satellite Data to Map Urban Area , 1997 .
[355] P. Rowntree,et al. A GCM simulation of the impact of Amazonian deforestation on climate using an improved canopy representation , 1993 .
[356] Gunnar Myhre,et al. Uncertainties in radiative forcing due to surface albedo changes caused by land-use changes , 2003 .
[357] Dara Entekhabi,et al. Hemispheric-scale climate response to Northern Eurasia land surface characteristics and snow anomalies , 2007 .
[358] W. Shuttleworth,et al. Macrohydrology ― the new challenge for process hydrology , 1988 .
[359] Richard H. Cuenca,et al. Variation in soil parameters: Implications for modeling surface fluxes and atmospheric boundary-layer development , 1994 .
[360] R. J. Hanks,et al. Applied Soil Physics , 1992, Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences.
[361] Elfatih A. B. Eltahir,et al. An analysis of the soil moisture‐rainfall feedback, based on direct observations from Illinois , 1997 .
[362] Akira Hoyano,et al. Climatological uses of plants for solar control and the effects on the thermal environment of a building , 1988 .
[363] Claude R. Duguay,et al. Spatial and temporal variations in surface albedo of a subarctic landscape using surface-based measurements and remote sensing , 1997 .
[364] Bas Eickhout,et al. CO2 and albedo climate impacts of extratropical carbon and biomass plantations , 2006 .
[365] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. Response of a Deciduous Forest to the Mount Pinatubo Eruption: Enhanced Photosynthesis , 2003, Science.
[366] D. Beerling,et al. Feedbacks and the coevolution of plants and atmospheric CO2. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[367] Roger A. Pielke,et al. A parameterization of heterogeneous land surfaces for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorology , 1989 .
[368] Randal D. Koster,et al. On the Cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl , 2004, Science.
[369] D. Lawrence,et al. Regions of Strong Coupling Between Soil Moisture and Precipitation , 2004, Science.
[370] Roger A. Pielke,et al. Has the Conversion of Natural Wetlands to Agricultural Land Increased the Incidence and Severity of Damaging Freezes in South Florida , 2004 .
[371] A Lacis,et al. Climate forcings in the industrial era. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[372] J. Noilhan,et al. Key results and implications from phase 1(c) of the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parametrization Schemes , 1999 .
[373] Richard A. Houghton,et al. Changes in terrestrial carbon storage in the United States. 1: The roles of agriculture and forestry. , 2000 .
[374] P. Wilf. Late Paleocene–early Eocene climate changes in southwestern Wyoming: Paleobotanical analysis , 2000 .
[375] D. Verseghy,et al. A comparison of the mosaic and aggregated canopy frameworks for representing surface heterogeneity in the Canadian boreal forest using CLASS: a soil perspective , 2002 .
[376] R. B. Jackson,et al. Progressive nitrogen limitation of ecosystem processes under elevated CO2 in a warm-temperate forest. , 2006, Ecology.
[377] H. Stommel,et al. The Year without a Summer , 1979 .
[378] Chris G. Collier,et al. The impact of urban areas on weather , 2006 .
[379] Franz X. Meixner,et al. Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, trace gases, and aerosols in Amazonia: The LBA‐EUSTACH experiments , 2002 .
[380] S. Running,et al. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes , 1988 .
[381] Graham D. Farquhar,et al. Models of Integrated Photosynthesis of Cells and Leaves , 1989 .
[382] S. Gower,et al. CARBON DYNAMICS OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN DOUGLAS-FIR: INFLUENCE OF WATER AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY' , 1992 .
[383] R. Dickinson,et al. The Community Land Model and Its Climate Statistics as a Component of the Community Climate System Model , 2006 .
[384] Helmut E. Landsberg,et al. Micrometeorological observations in an area of urban growth , 1972 .
[385] F. Chapin,et al. Evidence and Implications of Recent Climate Change in Northern Alaska and Other Arctic Regions , 2004 .
[386] C. Tucker,et al. Enhancement of Interdecadal Climate Variability in the Sahel by Vegetation Interaction. , 1999, Science.
[387] C. Tucker,et al. Tropical Deforestation and Habitat Fragmentation in the Amazon: Satellite Data from 1978 to 1988 , 1993, Science.
[388] J. D. Tarpley,et al. The use of NOAA AVHRR data for assessment of the urban heat island effect , 1993 .
[389] N. Shackleton,et al. The 100,000-year ice-Age cycle identified and found to lag temperature, carbon dioxide, and orbital eccentricity , 2000, Science.
[390] J. R. Runkle. Gap Regeneration in Some Old-growth Forests of the Eastern United States , 1981 .
[391] Sandy P. Harrison,et al. Climate and CO2 controls on global vegetation distribution at the last glacial maximum: analysis based on palaeovegetation data, biome modelling and palaeoclimate simulations , 2003 .
[392] Thomas M. Smith,et al. Plant Functional Types , 1993 .
[393] D. Weller. The Interspecific Size-Density Relationship Among Crowded Plant Stands and Its Implications for the -3/2 Power Rule of Self-Thinning , 1989, The American Naturalist.
[394] P. Ciais,et al. Including Croplands in a Global Biosphere Model: Methodology and Evaluation at Specific Sites , 2004 .
[395] P. K. Snyder,et al. Evaluating the influence of different vegetation biomes on the global climate , 2004 .
[396] J. Hurrell. Influence of variations in extratropical wintertime teleconnections on northern hemisphere temperature , 1996 .
[397] S. P. S. Arya,et al. Introduction to micrometeorology , 1988 .
[398] M. Aubinet,et al. Determinants of terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covariance flux sites , 2007 .
[399] P. Jones,et al. Climate Since A.D. 1500 , 1992 .
[400] James Marston Fitch. American building: The forces that shape it , 1948 .
[401] J. Charney. Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel , 1975 .
[402] Kevin J. McGuire,et al. Potential effects of climate change and urbanization on mean annual streamflow in the United States , 2000 .
[403] Roger A. Pielke,et al. USE OF USGS‐PROVIDED DATA TO IMPROVE WEATHERAND CLIMATE SIMULATIONS , 1997 .
[404] Ann Henderson-Sellers,et al. Tropical deforestation: Modeling local‐ to regional‐scale climate change , 1993 .
[405] J. Finnigan. Turbulence in plant canopies , 2000 .
[406] P. Dirmeyer,et al. Modeling the effects of vegetation on Mediterranean climate during the Roman Classical Period: Part I: Climate history and model sensitivity , 2000 .
[407] M. D. Schwartz,et al. Spring phenology : nature's experiment to detect the effect of Green-up on surface maximum temperatures , 1990 .
[408] C. Tucker,et al. Higher northern latitude normalized difference vegetation index and growing season trends from 1982 to 1999 , 2001, International journal of biometeorology.
[409] F. Woodward,et al. Simulated responses of potential vegetation to doubled‐CO2 climate change and feedbacks on near‐surface temperature , 2000 .
[410] Timothy R. Oke,et al. Comparison of heat fluxes from summertime observations in the suburbs of four North American cities , 1995 .
[411] George M. Hornberger,et al. Topographic effects on flow path and surface water chemistry of the Llyn Brianne catchments in Wales , 1990 .
[412] Donald E. Weller,et al. Self-Thinning Exponent Correlated with Allometric Measures of Plant Geometry , 1987 .
[413] E. Russell,et al. Postglacial Vegetation of Canada. , 1988 .
[414] J. Kutzbach,et al. The Sensitivity of the African-Asian Monsoonal Climate to Orbital Parameter Changes for 9000 Years B.P. in a Low-Resolution General Circulation Model. , 1982 .
[415] Lisa J. Graumlich,et al. Interactive Canopies for a Climate Model , 1998 .
[416] J. Namias. Some Causes of United States Drought , 1983 .
[417] Petra Döll,et al. Global modeling of irrigation water requirements , 2002 .
[418] Herman H. Shugart,et al. Climatic change and the broad-scale distribution of terrestrial ecosystem complexes , 1985 .
[419] D. Ruffieux,et al. The Effect of Building Shadows on the Vertical Temperature Structure of the Lower Atmosphere in Downtown Denver , 1990 .
[420] P. Rowntree,et al. Modelling the effects of albedo change associated with tropical deforestation , 1992 .
[421] M. Clark,et al. Seasonal Shifts in the North American Monsoon , 2007 .
[422] A. Tansley. The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms , 1935 .
[423] Stephen H. Schneider,et al. Scientists of Gaia , 1991 .
[424] D. Greenwood,et al. USING FOSSIL LEAVES AS PALEOPRECIPITATION INDICATORS : AN EOCENE EXAMPLE , 1998 .
[425] R. Forman. Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions , 1995 .
[426] Peter E. Thornton,et al. Recent trends in hydrologic balance have enhanced the terrestrial carbon sink in the United States , 2002 .
[427] Axel Kleidon,et al. A method of determining rooting depth from a terrestrial biosphere model and its impacts on the global water and carbon cycle , 1998 .
[428] Alejandro Flores,et al. Adopting a modern ecological view of the metropolitan landscape: the case of a greenspace system for the New York City region , 1998 .
[429] F. Chapin,et al. Boreal forest and tundra ecosystems as components of the climate system , 1995 .
[430] G. Bonan. Physiological derivation of the observed relationship between net primary production and mean annual air temperature , 1993 .
[431] N. Christensen. Changes in Structure, Pattern and Diversity Associated with Climax Forest Maturation in Piedmont, North Carolina , 1977 .
[432] James T. Teller,et al. Paleohydraulics of the last outburst flood from glacial Lake Agassiz and the 8200 BP cold event , 2004 .
[433] H. Douville,et al. Influence of the temperate and boreal forests on the Northern Hemisphere climate in the Météo-France climate model , 1996 .
[434] Mojib Latif,et al. The Effect of Eurasian Snow Cover on Regional and Global Climate Variations , 1989 .
[435] N. Noblet-Ducoudré,et al. Hot Desert Albedo and Climate Change: Mid-Holocene Monsoon in North Africa , 2001 .
[436] S. McLaughlin,et al. Carbon Dynamics and Productivity , 1989 .
[437] T. Meyers,et al. Testing of a higher-order closure model for modeling airflow within and above plant canopies , 1986 .
[438] Makiko Sato,et al. Potential climate impact of Mount Pinatubo eruption , 1992 .
[439] C. Grimmond. The suburban energy balance: Methodological considerations and results for a mid-latitude west coast city under winter and spring conditions , 1992 .
[440] D. Tilman. Biodiversity: Population Versus Ecosystem Stability , 1995 .
[441] N. Myers. Tropical forests: Present status and future outlook , 1991, Climatic change.
[442] Jason Lowe,et al. Transient Climate Simulations with the HadGEM1 Climate Model: Causes of Past Warming and Future Climate Change , 2006 .
[443] P. de Rosnay,et al. Integrated parameterization of irrigation in the land surface model ORCHIDEE. Validation over Indian Peninsula , 2003 .
[444] Jill Williams,et al. The Correlation between Temperature and Precipitation in the United States and Europe , 1978 .
[445] W. James Shuttleworth,et al. Post-deforestation Amazonian climate: Anglo-Brazilian research to improve prediction , 1991 .
[446] Kung-Sik Chan,et al. Ecological Effects of Climate Fluctuations , 2002, Science.
[447] W. G. Strand,et al. Climate Change Projections for the Twenty-First Century and Climate Change Commitment in the CCSM3 , 2006 .
[448] F. Bormann,et al. Nutrient resorption in northern hardwood forests , 1982 .
[449] Baruch Givoni,et al. Climate considerations in building and urban design , 1998 .
[450] Robert E. Dickinson,et al. The role of root distribution for climate simulation over land , 1998 .
[451] Alan Robock,et al. Global warming in the context of the Little Ice Age , 1999 .
[452] Eric F. Wood,et al. One-dimensional statistical dynamic representation of subgrid spatial variability of precipitation in the two-layer variable infiltration capacity model , 1996 .
[453] M. Hoerling,et al. The Perfect Ocean for Drought , 2003, Science.
[454] C. Federer,et al. Spatial Variation of Net Radiation, Albedo and Surface Temperature of Forests , 1968 .
[455] E. Sucoff. Water Potential in Red Pine: Soil Moisture, Evapotranspiration, Crown Position , 1972 .
[456] W. D. Billings. The Structure and Development of Old Field Shortleaf Pine Stands and Certain Associated Physical Properties of the Soil , 1938 .
[457] G. Dirkx. Wood-pasture in Dutch Common woodlands and the deforestation of the Dutch landscape , 1998 .
[458] J. I. MacPherson,et al. Lake‐induced atmospheric circulations during BOREAS , 1997 .
[459] P. Cox,et al. Global climate change and soil carbon stocks; predictions from two contrasting models for the turnover of organic carbon in soil , 2005 .
[460] G. Wan,et al. ESTIMATING THE SELF-THINNING BOUNDARY LINE AS A DENSITY-DEPENDENT STOCHASTIC BIOMASS FRONTIER , 2000 .
[461] T. Meyers,et al. The budgets of turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stress within and above a deciduous forest , 1991 .
[462] M. Glantz. Drought follows the plow : cultivating marginal areas , 1994 .
[463] Jeremy S. Pal,et al. Pathways Relating Soil Moisture Conditions to Future Summer Rainfall within a Model of the Land-Atmosphere System , 2001 .
[464] P. Reich,et al. Causes and Consequences of Variation in Conifer Leaf Life-Span , 1995 .
[465] G. James Collatz,et al. Regulation of branch-level gas exchange of boreal trees: roles of shoot water potential and vapor pressure difference. , 1997, Tree physiology.
[466] I. C. Prentice,et al. Climatic Control of the High-Latitude Vegetation Greening Trend and Pinatubo Effect , 2002, Science.
[467] Praveen Kumar,et al. A catchment‐based approach to modeling land surface processes in a general circulation model: 1. Model structure , 2000 .
[468] D. Foster,et al. Post-settlement history of human land-use and vegetation dynamics of a Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) woodlot in central New England. , 1992 .
[469] F. Bazzaz. The Physiological Ecology of Plant Succession , 1979 .
[470] T. Phillips,et al. Biogeophysical effects of CO2 fertilization on global climate , 2006 .
[471] Timothy M. Lenton,et al. Daisyworld revisited: quantifying biological effects on planetary self-regulation , 2001 .
[472] J. Kittredge. Forest influences : the effects of woody vegetation on climate, water, and soil, with applications to the conservation of water and the control of floods and erosion , 1948 .
[473] D. Entekhabi,et al. A Large-Ensemble Model Study of the Wintertime AO–NAO and the Role of Interannual Snow Perturbations , 2002 .
[474] E. Barron,et al. Model Simulation of the Cretaceous Ocean Circulation , 1989, Science.
[475] Anthony W. King,et al. In search of the missing carbon sink : a model of terrestrial biospheric response to land-use change and atmospheric CO2 , 1995 .
[476] Thomas C. Peterson,et al. Global rural temperature trends , 1999 .
[477] G. Likens,et al. Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem. , 1979 .
[478] J. Monteith. Evaporation and environment. , 1965, Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology.
[479] J. Grégoire,et al. Lessons to be learned from the comparison of three satellite‐derived biomass burning products , 2004 .
[480] H. Landsberg. Man-Made Climatic Changes , 1975 .
[481] C. S. B. Grimmond,et al. An urban canyon energy budget model and its application to urban storage heat flux modeling , 1998 .
[482] L. Cook,et al. Moth, melanism and clean air. , 1975, Scientific American.
[483] Patricia A. O'Rourke,et al. Simulating the causal elements of urban heat islands , 1980 .
[484] W. Parton,et al. Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in Great Plains grasslands , 1987 .
[485] Patricia A. O'Rourke,et al. Influences of physical structures on urban energy budgets , 1980 .
[486] Vemap Participants. Vegetation/ecosystem modeling and analysis project: Comparing biogeography and biogeochemistry models in a continental-scale study of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change and CO2 doubling , 1995 .
[487] M. Huston,et al. A theory of the spatial and temporal dynamics of plant communities , 1989, Vegetatio.
[488] P. Webster,et al. Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction , 1998 .
[489] Peter U. Clark,et al. The role of the thermohaline circulation in abrupt climate change , 2002, Nature.
[490] Ane Alencar,et al. Simulating the response of land‐cover changes to road paving and governance along a major Amazon highway: the Santarém–Cuiabá corridor , 2004 .
[491] Roger A. Pielke,et al. Vegetation, water, humans and the climate; a new perspective on an interactive system , 2004 .
[492] Andrea N. Hahmann,et al. RCCM2–BATS Model over Tropical South America: Applications to Tropical Deforestation , 1997 .
[493] P. White,et al. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics , 1986 .
[494] Gregory S. Okin,et al. Impact of desert dust on the biogeochemistry of phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems , 2004 .
[495] D. O. Hall,et al. Impact of climate change on grassland production and soil carbon worldwide , 1995 .
[496] J. Connell. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. , 1978, Science.
[497] C. Kucharik,et al. Impact of changing land use practices on nitrate export by the Mississippi River , 2004 .
[498] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. Turbulence structure in a deciduous forest , 1988 .
[499] D. Baldocchi. Turbulent transfer in a deciduous forest. , 1989, Tree physiology.
[500] Christine Wiedinmyer,et al. Simulating biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in the Community Climate System Model , 2003 .
[501] J. Wallace,et al. Evaporation from sparse crops‐an energy combination theory , 2007 .
[502] J. Garratt. The Atmospheric Boundary Layer , 1992 .
[503] S. Gower,et al. Larches: Deciduous Conifers in an Evergreen World , 1990 .
[504] Ann Henderson-Sellers,et al. Global climate sensitivity to tropical deforestation , 1995 .
[505] Josef Cihlar,et al. Annual carbon balance of Canada's forests during 1895–1996 , 2000 .
[506] K. Caldeira,et al. Land use changes and northern hemisphere cooling , 2001 .
[507] Michael T. Coe,et al. Testing the performance of a dynamic global ecosystem model: Water balance, carbon balance, and vegetation structure , 2000 .
[508] S. Vavrus,et al. The role of terrestrial snow cover in the climate system , 2005 .
[509] M. Adams,et al. Long-term impacts of forest treatments on water yield: a summary for northeastern USA , 1993 .
[510] Terry J. Gillespie,et al. Microclimatic Landscape Design: Creating Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency , 1995 .
[511] E. Davidson,et al. Globally significant changes in biological processes of the Amazon Basin: results of the Large‐scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment , 2004 .
[512] R. Balling,et al. The impact of rapid urbanization on pan evaporation in phoenix. Arizona , 1987 .
[513] Bert Bolin,et al. The carbon cycle. , 1970, Scientific American.
[514] Bruce A. McCarl,et al. Trading Water for Carbon with Biological Carbon Sequestration , 2005, Science.
[515] Linda O. Mearns,et al. Investigating the Effect of Seasonal Plant Growth and Development in Three-Dimensional Atmospheric Simulations. Part I: Simulation of Surface Fluxes over the Growing Season , 2001 .
[516] S. Running,et al. Physiological control of water flux in conifers , 1975, Oecologia.
[517] G. Asner,et al. Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future , 2004 .
[518] Robert E. Dickinson,et al. Impacts on regional climate of Amazon deforestation , 1992 .
[519] K. Beven,et al. Toward a generalization of the TOPMODEL concepts:Topographic indices of hydrological similarity , 1996 .
[520] S. Malyshev,et al. The underpinnings of land‐use history: three centuries of global gridded land‐use transitions, wood‐harvest activity, and resulting secondary lands , 2006 .
[521] M. L. Heinselman,et al. Fire and Succession in the Conifer Forests of Northern North America , 1981 .
[522] Roni Avissar,et al. Conceptual aspects of a statistical‐dynamical approach to represent landscape subgrid‐scale heterogeneities in atmospheric models , 1992 .
[523] Y. Sud,et al. Influence of evaporation in semi‐arid regions on the July circulation: A numerical study , 1984 .
[524] K. Beven,et al. A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology , 1979 .
[525] C. Körner,et al. Scaling from Species to Vegetation: The Usefulness of Functional Groups , 1994 .
[526] Todd E. Dawson,et al. Determining water use by trees and forests from isotopic, energy balance and transpiration analyses: the roles of tree size and hydraulic lift. , 1996, Tree physiology.
[527] J. Jouzel,et al. Palaeoclimatological and chronological implications of the Vostok core dust record , 1990, Nature.
[528] Maosheng Zhao,et al. Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set , 2005 .
[529] W. Parton,et al. Implementation of a Two-Way Interactive Atmospheric and Ecological Model and Its Application to the Central United States , 2001 .
[530] C. Potter,et al. Interannual Variability in Terrestrial Net Primary Production: Exploration of Trends and Controls on Regional to Global Scales , 1999, Ecosystems.
[531] J. Overpeck,et al. 2000 Years of Drought Variability in the Central United States , 1998 .
[532] John E. Thornes. “Urban meteorology and air quality”. Meeting 21st March 2001, University of Birmingham , 2001 .
[533] J. Arblaster,et al. Land cover change as an additional forcing to explain the rainfall decline in the south west of Australia , 2006 .
[534] J. Canadell,et al. Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[535] J. Penner,et al. Global estimates of biomass burning emissions based on satellite imagery for the year 2000 , 2004 .
[536] Andrew J. Negri,et al. Rainfall Modification by Major Urban Areas: Observations from Spaceborne Rain Radar on the TRMM Satellite , 2002 .
[537] F. S. Chapin,et al. Fire effects on surface‐atmosphere energy exchange in Alaskan black spruce ecosystems: Implications for feedbacks to regional climate , 2002 .
[538] H. Shugart. A Theory of Forest Dynamics , 1984 .
[539] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. Observational Evidence for Reduction of Daily Maximum Temperature by Croplands in the Midwest United States , 2001 .
[540] Roger A. Pielke,et al. Observational and modeling studies of the impacts of agriculture-related land use change on planetary boundary layer processes in the central U.S. , 2007 .
[541] L. Mahrt,et al. The Nocturnal Surface Inversion and Influence of Clear-Air Radiative Cooling , 1982 .
[542] Roni Avissar,et al. Impact of land use/land cover change on regional hydrometeorology in Amazonia , 2002 .
[543] I. Prentice,et al. Seasonal and interannual variability of the mineral dust cycle under present and glacial climate conditions , 2002 .
[544] C. J. Tucker,et al. Relationship between atmospheric CO2 variations and a satellite-derived vegetation index , 1986, Nature.
[545] P. Ciais,et al. REGIONAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES AS INFERRED FROM ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENTS , 2000 .
[546] Mingkui Cao,et al. Net primary and ecosystem production and carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change , 1998 .
[547] Thomas J. Givnish,et al. Sizes and Shapes of Liane Leaves , 1976, The American Naturalist.
[548] Robert E. Dickinson,et al. Simulating fluxes from heterogeneous land surfaces: Explicit subgrid method employing the biosphere‐atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) , 1994 .
[549] P. Dirmeyer. An Evaluation of the Strength of Land–Atmosphere Coupling , 2001 .
[550] Paul T. Schickedanz,et al. The Effect of Irrigation on Warm Season Precipitation in the Southern Great Plains. , 1984 .
[551] R. Avissar,et al. The local and global effects of Southeast Asian deforestation , 2005 .
[552] Gary O. Robinette,et al. Energy efficient site design , 1983 .
[553] R. Arritt,et al. Nonclassical mesoscale circulations caused by surface sensible heat-flux gradients , 1992 .
[554] A. Henderson-Sellers,et al. Continental vegetation as a dynamic component of a global climate model: a preliminary assessment , 1993 .
[555] Bas Eickhout,et al. Impacts of future land cover changes on atmospheric CO2 and climate , 2005 .
[556] S. Carpenter,et al. Global Consequences of Land Use , 2005, Science.
[557] K. Crawford,et al. The Diurnal Cycle of Land–Atmosphere Interactions across Oklahoma’s Winter Wheat Belt , 2005 .
[558] John W. Williams,et al. DISSIMILARITY ANALYSES OF LATE-QUATERNARY VEGETATION AND CLIMATE IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA , 2001 .
[559] J. Overpeck,et al. Mapping eastern North American vegetation change of the past 18 ka: No-analogs and the future , 1992 .
[560] H. Douville,et al. Importance of vegetation feedbacks in doubled‐CO2 climate experiments , 2000 .
[561] Claude R. Duguay,et al. The Role of Northern Lakes in a Regional Energy Balance , 2005 .
[562] Zong-Liang Yang,et al. Effects of Frozen Soil on Snowmelt Runoff and Soil Water Storage at a Continental Scale , 2006 .
[563] Robert A. Berner,et al. A model for atmospheric CO 2 over Phanerozoic time , 1991 .
[564] Pang-Ning Tan,et al. Continental-scale comparisons of terrestrial carbon sinks estimated from satellite data and ecosystem modeling 1982–1998 , 2003 .
[565] S. Schneider,et al. The Genesis Strategy: Climate and Global Survival , 1976 .
[566] G. Trewartha. An introduction to climate. , 1980 .
[567] Yi Wang,et al. On the cause of abrupt vegetation collapse in North Africa during the Holocene: Climate variability vs. vegetation feedback , 2006 .
[568] Pedro Viterbo,et al. The land surface‐atmosphere interaction: A review based on observational and global modeling perspectives , 1996 .
[569] P. Sellers. Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration , 1985 .
[570] G. Bonan,et al. Soil water and the persistence of floods and droughts in the Mississippi River Basin , 1998 .
[571] J. Famiglietti,et al. Terrestrial water mass load changes from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) , 2006 .
[572] J. Aber,et al. Changes in Forest Canopy Structure along a Site Quality Gradient in Southern Wisconsin , 1982 .
[573] Mei Zhao,et al. The impact of land cover change and increasing carbon dioxide on the extreme and frequency of maximum temperature and convective precipitation , 2002 .
[574] Michael T. Coe,et al. Feedbacks between climate and surface water in northern Africa during the middle Holocene , 1997 .
[575] J. Monteith. Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain , 1977 .
[576] Joseph M. Prospero,et al. Impact of the North African drought and El Niño on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds , 1986, Nature.
[577] W. Ju,et al. Spatial distribution of carbon sources and sinks in Canada’s forests , 2003 .
[578] The role of ecology in planning: Some misconceptions , 1988 .
[579] W. Broecker,et al. Was a change in thermohaline circulation responsible for the Little Ice Age? , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[580] P. Valdes,et al. The effect of Amazonian deforestation on the northern hemisphere circulation and climate , 2000 .
[581] J. Seinfeld,et al. Impact of biomass burning on cloud properties in the Amazon Basin , 2003 .
[582] Murray Gray,et al. Global Climates since the Last Glacial Maximum , 1994 .
[583] H. Jenny,et al. The soil resource. Origin and behavior , 1983, Vegetatio.
[584] W. Rouse,et al. Energy balance differences and hydrologic impacts across the northern treeline , 1992 .
[585] Paul R. Ehrlich,et al. Human Appropriation of Renewable Fresh Water , 1996, Science.
[586] Maosheng Zhao,et al. A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production , 2004 .
[587] R. Bryson. Air Masses, Streamlines and the Boreal Forest , 1966 .
[588] T. Stocker,et al. Stable Carbon CycleClimate Relationship During the Late Pleistocene , 2005, Science.
[589] Michael G. Bosilovich,et al. Planetary boundary layer and surface layer sensitivity to land surface parameters , 1996 .
[590] B. Hicks,et al. Momentum, heat and water vapour transfer to and from natural and artificial surfaces , 1973 .
[591] K. Caldeira,et al. Quantifying the effects of CO2‐fertilized vegetation on future global climate and carbon dynamics , 2004 .
[592] D. Fuller,et al. Land Cover, Rainfall and Land-Surface Albedo in West Africa , 2002 .
[593] R. Seager,et al. North American Droughts of the Last Millennium from a Gridded Network of Tree-Ring Data , 2007 .
[594] F. Giorgi,et al. Simulating the water balance of the Aral Sea with a coupled regional climate-lake model , 1999 .
[595] H. Tian,et al. Effect of interannual climate variability on carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems , 1998, Nature.
[596] T. Oke. City size and the urban heat island , 1973 .
[597] S. Wofsy,et al. The Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment - Wet season 1987 , 1990 .
[598] M. Rosenzweig. Net Primary Productivity of Terrestrial Communities: Prediction from Climatological Data , 1968, The American Naturalist.
[599] W. Rouse. Microclimate of Arctic Tree Line 2. Soil Microclimate of Tundra and Forest , 1984 .
[600] Ross D. Brown,et al. Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Variability and Change, 1915-97. , 2000 .
[601] J. Prospero,et al. Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Soil Dust from Asia to the Tropical North Pacific: Temporal Variability , 1980, Science.
[602] J. Kutzbach,et al. Coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation simulations for modern and mid-Holocene climates: role of extratropical vegetation cover feedbacks , 2005 .
[603] R. DeFries,et al. Detecting Long-term Global Forest Change Using Continuous Fields of Tree-Cover Maps from 8-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Data for the Years 1982–99 , 2004, Ecosystems.
[604] A. Pitman,et al. The Effect of Including Biospheric Responses to CO2 on the Impact of Land-Cover Change over Australia , 2004 .
[605] W. Post,et al. Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation : A global data analysis , 2002 .
[606] David R. Easterling,et al. Temperature Trends of the U.S. Historical Climatology Network Based on Satellite-Designated Land Use/Land Cover , 1999 .
[607] Werner H. Terjung,et al. Intercomparison of three urban climate models , 1988 .
[608] Pedro Leite da Silva Dias,et al. The Large‐Scale Biosphere‐Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA): Insights and future research needs , 2002 .
[609] V. Brovkin,et al. The greening of the McGill Paleoclimate Model. Part II: Simulation of Holocene millennial-scale natural climate changes , 2005 .
[610] A. Scott Denning,et al. Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model: Part 1: Surface carbon fluxes , 1996 .
[611] Roger A. Pielke,et al. Changes in moisture and energy fluxes due to agricultural land use and irrigation in the Indian Monsoon Belt , 2006 .
[612] K. Fraedrich,et al. A Green Planet Versus a Desert World: Estimating the Maximum Effect of Vegetation on the Land Surface Climate , 2000 .
[613] C. S. B. Grimmond,et al. Progress in measuring and observing the urban atmosphere , 2006 .
[614] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. A multiyear evaluation of a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model at three AmeriFlux forest sites: Vegetation structure, phenology, soil temperature, and CO2 and H2O vapor exchange , 2006 .
[615] Fire emissions from C3 and C4 vegetation and their influence on interannual variability of atmospheric CO2 and δ13CO2 , 2005 .
[616] A. Molod,et al. A global assessment of the mosaic approach to modeling land surface heterogeneity , 2002 .
[617] Gordon M. Heisler,et al. Impacts of vegetation on residential heating and cooling , 1988 .
[618] F. Woodward,et al. Increases in terrestrial carbon storage from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present , 1990, Nature.
[619] J. Namias. Some Empirical Evidence for the Influence of Snow Cover on Temperature and Precipitation , 1985 .
[620] Mingkui Cao,et al. Increasing terrestrial carbon uptake from the 1980s to the 1990s with changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 , 2002 .
[621] N. Wilson,et al. A Higher Order Closure Model for Canopy Flow , 1977 .
[622] P. Rayner,et al. The interannual variability of the global carbon cycle , 1999 .
[623] E. Scott Krayenhoff,et al. A microscale three-dimensional urban energy balance model for studying surface temperatures , 2007 .
[624] J. Dufresne,et al. Global response of the terrestrial biosphere to CO2 and climate change using a coupled climate‐carbon cycle model , 2002 .
[625] Piers J. Sellers,et al. Biogeophysical Consequences of a Tropical Deforestation Scenario: A GCM Simulation Study , 1996 .
[626] P. Molnar,et al. Paleobotanical evidence of Eocene and Oligocene paleoaltitudes in midlatitude western North America , 1998 .
[627] Stefan Hagemann,et al. Improving a subgrid runoff parameterization scheme for climate models by the use of high resolution data derived from satellite observations , 2003 .
[628] Jerry M. Davis,et al. Estimating urban temperature bias using polar-orbiting satellite data , 1994 .
[629] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. Soil temperature, nitrogen mineralization, and carbon source–sink relationships in boreal forests , 1992 .
[630] Eric F. Lambin,et al. The Sahelian Climate , 2004 .
[631] J. Kutzbach,et al. Role of orbitally induced changes in tundra area in the onset of glaciation , 1996, Nature.
[632] C. Elvidge,et al. Using nighttime DMSP/OLS images of city lights to estimate the impact of urban land use on soil resources in the United States , 1997 .
[633] G. Bonan. Environmental factors and ecological processes controlling vegetation patterns in boreal forests , 1989, Landscape Ecology.
[634] D. Lawrence,et al. Weak Land–Atmosphere Coupling Strength in HadAM3: The Role of Soil Moisture Variability , 2005 .
[635] F. Achard,et al. Challenges to estimating carbon emissions from tropical deforestation , 2007 .
[636] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. FROST FOLLOWED THE PLOW: IMPACTS OF DEFORESTATION ON THE CLIMATE OF THE UNITED STATES , 1999 .
[637] Andrew J. Challinor,et al. Development and assessment of a coupled crop–climate model , 2007 .
[638] A. Watkinson,et al. PLANT GEOMETRY AND SELF-THINNING , 1983 .
[639] M. Tester,et al. THE CARBON CYCLE AND CO2 OVER PHANEROZOIC TIME : THE ROLE OF LAND PLANTS , 1998 .
[640] A. Pitman,et al. Impact of land cover change on the climate of southwest Western Australia , 2004 .
[641] D. Hillel. Environmental soil physics , 1998 .
[642] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. The size structure of theoretical plant populations: spatial patterns and neighborhood effects , 1988 .
[643] Naota Hanasaki,et al. GSWP-2 Multimodel Analysis and Implications for Our Perception of the Land Surface , 2006 .
[644] J. Martsolf,et al. Temperature distribution under radiation frost conditions in a central Pennsylvania valley , 1971 .
[645] Wolfgang Cramer,et al. INCORPORATING DYNAMIC VEGETATION COVER WITHIN GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS , 2000 .
[646] James R. Runkle,et al. Treefalls Revisited: Gap Dynamics in the Southern Appalachians , 1987 .
[647] H. A. Mooney,et al. Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale , 1996, Oecologia.
[648] Mark A. White,et al. Old-growth forest landscape transitions from pre-European settlement to present , 1994, Landscape Ecology.
[649] E. Schulze. Biological control of the terrestrial carbon sink , 2005 .
[650] R. Koster,et al. A catchment-based approach to modeling land surface processes in a general circulation model , 2000 .
[651] P. Ciais,et al. A Large Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial CO2 Sink Indicated by the 13C/12C Ratio of Atmospheric CO2 , 1995, Science.
[652] P. Reich,et al. Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area and leaf life-span: a test across biomes and functional groups , 1998, Oecologia.
[653] D. Erickson,et al. Soil Moisture and the Persistence of North American Drought , 1989 .
[654] P. A. O'Rourke,et al. Urban parks, energy budgets, and surface temperatures , 1981 .
[655] Michael Williams,et al. Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis, An Abridgment , 2002 .
[656] Christian Körner,et al. Biosphere responses to CO2 enrichment. , 2000 .
[657] Scott J. Goetz,et al. Interannual variability of global terrestrial primary production: Results of a model driven with satellite observations , 2000 .
[658] S. Seneviratne,et al. GRACE‐derived terrestrial water storage depletion associated with the 2003 European heat wave , 2005 .
[659] M. Heimann,et al. Deep-rooted vegetation, Amazonian deforestation, and climate: results from a modelling study , 1999 .
[660] David A. Robinson,et al. Albedo of a Dissipating Snow Cover , 1984 .
[661] Xubin Zeng,et al. The Effects of Observed Fractional Vegetation Cover on the Land Surface Climatology of the Community Land Model , 2004 .
[662] Sharon E. Nicholson,et al. Rainfall and Atmospheric Circulation during Drought Periods and Wetter Years in West Africa , 1981 .
[663] K. Lau,et al. Simulating the Midwestern U.S. Drought of 1988 with a GCM , 2003 .
[664] Jacob Weiner,et al. Size variability and competition in plant monocultures , 1986 .
[665] E. Lambin,et al. Long‐term land‐cover changes in the Belgian Ardennes (1775–1929): model‐based reconstruction vs. historical maps , 2002 .
[666] Peter E. Thornton,et al. Assessing future nitrogen deposition and carbon cycle feedback using a multimodel approach: Analysis of nitrogen deposition , 2005 .
[667] Alan H. Strahler,et al. MODIS bidirectional reflectance distribution function and albedo Climate Modeling Grid products and the variability of albedo for major global vegetation types , 2005 .
[668] D. Lettenmaier,et al. Role of antecedent land surface conditions on north American monsoon rainfall variability , 2005 .
[669] C. Tucker,et al. Interactions between vegetation and climate: radiative and physiological effects of doubled atmospheric co2 , 1999 .
[670] B. McCarl,et al. Enhancement of Carbon Sequestration in US Soils , 2004 .
[671] D. Foster,et al. Impact of Human Activity on Regional Forest Composition and Dynamics in Central New England , 1998, Ecosystems.
[672] Douglas V. Hoyt,et al. A discussion of plausible solar irradiance variations, 1700-1992 , 1993 .
[673] R. Waring. 17 – Responses of Evergreen Trees to Multiple Stresses , 1991 .
[674] Gerald Mills,et al. An urban canopy-layer climate model , 1997 .
[675] The Amazonian Climate , 2004 .
[676] J. Randerson,et al. Changes in the surface energy budget after fire in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: An annual perspective , 2005 .
[677] Elizabeth R. Smith,et al. Fragmentation of Continental United States Forests , 2002, Ecosystems.
[678] J. Kutzbach,et al. Testing the climatic effects of orography and CO2 with general circulation and biome models , 1997 .
[679] R. Koster,et al. Observational evidence that soil moisture variations affect precipitation , 2003 .
[680] R. Lacaze,et al. A Global Database of Land Surface Parameters at 1-km Resolution in Meteorological and Climate Models , 2003 .
[681] I. C. Prentice,et al. BIOME3: An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types , 1996 .
[682] G. Likens,et al. Technical Report: Human Alteration of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Sources and Consequences , 1997 .
[683] Philip J. Rasch,et al. Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow , 2006 .
[684] Frederick C Meinzer,et al. Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by neotropical savanna trees , 2001 .
[685] H. Landsberg. Man-Made Climatic Changes , 1970, Science.
[686] Gérard Dedieu,et al. Methodology for the estimation of terrestrial net primary production from remotely sensed data , 1994 .
[687] T. Stocker,et al. Atmospheric Methane and Nitrous Oxide of the Late Pleistocene from Antarctic Ice Cores , 2005, Science.
[688] David Pollard,et al. Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2 , 2003, Nature.
[689] Ensemble canonical correlation prediction of surface temperature over the United States , 2003 .
[690] André Berger,et al. Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 , 1991 .
[691] H. Lieth. Modeling the Primary Productivity of the World , 1975 .
[692] I. Tegen,et al. A general circulation model study on the interannual variability of soil dust aerosol , 1998 .
[693] Zong-Liang Yang,et al. A simple TOPMODEL-based runoff parameterization (SIMTOP) for use in global climate models , 2005 .
[694] H. Douville. Relevance of soil moisture for seasonal atmospheric predictions: is it an initial value problem? , 2004 .
[695] V. Brovkin,et al. Transient simulation of the last glacial inception. Part II: sensitivity and feedback analysis , 2005 .
[696] J. Stamm,et al. Sensitivity of a GCM Simulation of Global Climate to the Representation of Land-Surface Hydrology , 1994 .
[697] Stanley A. Changnon,et al. METROMEX, a review and summary , 1981 .
[698] B. Hicks,et al. The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean , 1991 .
[699] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. Density Effects on the Size Structure of Annual Plant Populations: An Indication of Neighbourhood Competition , 1991 .
[700] G. Bonan,et al. Soil feedback drives the mid-Holocene North African monsoon northward in fully coupled CCSM2 simulations with a dynamic vegetation model , 2004 .
[701] K Shinozaki. The C-D rule,its theory and practical uses. , 1961 .
[702] W. Parton,et al. Progressive Nitrogen Limitation of Ecosystem Responses to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide , 2004 .
[703] Ranga B. Myneni,et al. Estimation of global leaf area index and absorbed par using radiative transfer models , 1997, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..
[704] T. Carlson,et al. Satellite Estimation of the Surface Energy Balance, Moisture Availability and Thermal Inertia. , 1981 .
[705] V. Meentemeyer,et al. Macroclimate and Lignin Control of Litter Decomposition Rates , 1978 .
[706] Thomas R. Karl,et al. Observed Impact of Snow Cover on the Heat Balance and the Rise of Continental Spring Temperatures , 1994, Science.
[707] Kevin E. Trenberth,et al. Climate System Modeling , 2010 .
[708] H. Shugart,et al. Vegetation Dynamics and Global Change , 1993 .
[709] M. Loutre,et al. Climate of the last millennium: a sensitivity study , 2002 .
[710] Richard Essery,et al. Strong carbon cycle feedbacks in a climate model with interactive CO2 and sulphate aerosols , 2003 .
[711] W. Swank,et al. Conversion of Hardwood‐Covered Watersheds to White Pine Reduces Water Yield , 1968 .
[712] M. Claussen. On coupling global biome models with climate models , 1994 .
[713] C. Jansson,et al. Near surface climate in an urban vegetated park and its surroundings , 2007 .
[714] R. Rowntree,et al. Using Structural Measures to Compare Twenty-Two U.S. Street Tree Populations , 1989, Landscape Journal.
[715] J. Jouzel,et al. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica , 1999, Nature.
[716] N. Mahowald,et al. Understanding the 30‐year Barbados desert dust record , 2002 .
[717] Yongkang Xue,et al. Biosphere feedback on regional climate in tropical North Africa , 1997 .
[718] Yongkang Xue,et al. The Influence of Land Surface Properties on Sahel Climate. Part 1: Desertification , 1993 .
[719] W. Parton,et al. Grassland biogeochemistry: Links to atmospheric processes , 1990 .
[720] Ruth S. DeFries,et al. Subpixel forest cover in central Africa from multisensor, multitemporal data , 1997 .
[721] Randal D. Koster,et al. Do Global Models Properly Represent the Feedback between Land and Atmosphere? , 2006, Journal of Hydrometeorology.
[722] R. Peet,et al. Succession: A population process , 1980, Vegetatio.
[723] Bertrand Decharme,et al. Introduction of a sub-grid hydrology in the ISBA land surface model , 2006 .
[724] M. L. Heinselman. Fire in the Virgin Forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota , 1973, Quaternary Research.
[725] S. Running,et al. Contrasting Climatic Controls on the Estimated Productivity of Global Terrestrial Biomes , 1998, Ecosystems.
[726] C. Potter,et al. Analysis of a multiyear global vegetation leaf area index data set , 2002 .
[727] David Joseph Moore,et al. Contrasting responses of forest ecosystems to rising atmospheric CO2: Implications for the global C cycle , 2005 .
[728] S. Schubert,et al. Causes of long-term drought in the U , 2004 .
[729] G. Likens,et al. The Biogeochemistry of Carbon at Hubbard Brook , 2005 .
[730] R. Whittaker. Communities and Ecosystems , 1975 .
[731] G. Likens,et al. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: Composition and Dynamics of the Tree Stratum , 1970 .
[732] G. Bonan,et al. Comparison of the NCAR LSM1 land surface model with BOREAS aspen and jack pine tower fluxes , 1997 .
[733] A. Denning,et al. The winter Arctic Oscillation, the timing of spring, and carbon fluxes in the Northern Hemisphere , 2005 .
[734] M. Claussen. Modeling bio-geophysical feedback in the African and Indian monsoon region , 1997 .
[735] A. Pitman,et al. Sub-grid scale precipitation in ALCMs: re-assessing the land surface sensitivity using a single column model , 1993 .
[736] F. Schwartz,et al. Direct anthropogenic contributions to sea level rise in the twentieth century , 1994, Nature.
[737] Alan H. Strahler,et al. How does snow impact the albedo of vegetated land surfaces as analyzed with MODIS data? , 2002 .
[738] Richard H. Waring,et al. Forest Ecosystems: Analysis at Multiple Scales , 1985 .
[739] P. Craul,et al. Urban Soils: Applications and Practices , 1999 .
[740] J. Royer,et al. Sensitivity of a general circulation model to land surface parameters in African tropical deforestation experiments , 2004 .
[741] Roger A. Pielke,et al. Chaos in daisyworld , 1990 .
[742] C. Genthon,et al. Atmospheric dust under glacial and interglacial conditions , 1998 .
[743] Andrew W. Ellis,et al. Characteristics of temperature depressions associated with snow cover across the Northeast United States , 1995 .
[744] H. Mooney,et al. Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere , 1997, Science.
[745] A. Voldoire,et al. Tropical deforestation and climate variability , 2004 .
[746] C. Tucker,et al. Northern hemisphere photosynthetic trends 1982–99 , 2003 .
[747] O. Loucks,et al. Optimal leaf size in relation to environment , 1972 .
[748] A. Pitman,et al. The Relationship between Intermodel Differences and Surface Energy Balance Complexity in the Rhône-Aggregation Intercomparison Project , 2006 .
[749] C. Ritz,et al. Enhanced ice sheet growth in Eurasia owing to adjacent ice-dammed lakes , 2004, Nature.
[750] P. Marks,et al. Agricultural legacies in forest environments: tree communities, soil properties, and light availability. , 2007, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.
[751] K. Paustian,et al. GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT AND CONVERSION INTO GRASSLAND: EFFECTS ON SOIL CARBON , 2001 .
[752] Leslie A. Viereck,et al. Productivity and nutrient cycling in taiga forest ecosystems , 1983 .
[753] I. Mcharg. Design With Nature , 1969 .
[754] G. Campbell,et al. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics , 1977 .
[755] J. Mahfouf,et al. The Influence of Soil and Vegetation on the Development of Mesoscale Circulations , 1987 .
[756] D. Rind,et al. The Influence of Ground Moisture Conditions in North America on Summer Climate as Modeled in the GISS GCM , 1982 .
[757] J. D. Hays,et al. Variations in the Earth ' s Orbit : Pacemaker of the Ice Ages Author ( s ) : , 2022 .
[758] E. Tsvetsinskaya,et al. Investigating the Effect of Seasonal Plant Growth and Development in Three-Dimensional Atmospheric Simulations. Part II: Atmospheric Response to Crop Growth and Development , 2001 .
[759] R. B. Jackson,et al. Root water uptake and transport: using physiological processes in global predictions. , 2000, Trends in plant science.
[760] Ann Henderson-Sellers,et al. Sensitivity of the biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) to the inclusion of variable soil characteristics , 1987 .
[761] I. Fung,et al. The sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to climate change , 1990, Nature.
[762] Charles J Vörösmarty,et al. Global system of rivers: Its role in organizing continental land mass and defining land‐to‐ocean linkages , 2000 .
[763] Y. Xue. INTERACTIONS AND FEEDBACKS BETWEEN CLIMATE AND DRYLAND VEGETATIONS , 2006 .
[764] Bertrand Timbal,et al. Does Soil Moisture Influence Climate Variability and Predictability over Australia , 2002 .
[765] Randal D. Koster,et al. Soil Moisture Memory in AGCM Simulations: Analysis of Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) Data , 2004 .
[766] Liming Zhou,et al. Observational evidence of sensitivity of surface climate changes to land types and urbanization , 2005 .
[767] Jacob Weiner,et al. Size Hierarchies in Experimental Populations of Annual Plants , 1985 .
[768] G. Bonan. Physiological controls of the carbon balance of boreal forest ecosystems , 1993 .
[769] J. Schnoor,et al. Nitrogen fixation: Anthropogenic enhancement‐environmental response , 1995 .
[770] J. I. MacPherson,et al. Spatial and temporal variations of the fluxes of carbon dioxide and sensible and latent heat over the FIFE site , 1992 .
[771] M. Best,et al. Progress towards better weather forecasts for city dwellers: from short range to climate change , 2006 .
[772] Michael E. Mann,et al. Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia , 2003 .
[773] K. E. Moore,et al. Seasonal Variation in Radiative and Turbulent Exchange at a Deciduous Forest in Central Massachusetts , 1996 .
[774] Mark D. Schwartz,et al. DETECTING ENERGY-BALANCE MODIFICATIONS AT THE ONSET OF SPRING , 2001 .
[775] A. Clappier,et al. An Urban Surface Exchange Parameterisation for Mesoscale Models , 2002 .
[776] Ronald M. Welch,et al. Impact of land use on Costa Rican tropical montane cloud forests: Sensitivity of cumulus cloud field characteristics to lowland deforestation , 2003 .
[777] K. Bencala,et al. Hydrological controls on dissolved organic carbon during snowmelt in the Snake River near Montezuma, Colorado , 1994 .
[778] B. Otto‐Bliesner,et al. Vegetation-induced warming of high-latitude regions during the Late Cretaceous period , 1997, Nature.
[779] Y. J. Huang,et al. The Potential of Vegetation in Reducing Summer Cooling Loads in Residential Buildings , 1987 .
[780] D. Tilman. The Resource-Ratio Hypothesis of Plant Succession , 1985, The American Naturalist.
[781] E. Schulze,et al. Relationships among Maximum Stomatal Conductance, Ecosystem Surface Conductance, Carbon Assimilation Rate, and Plant Nitrogen Nutrition: A Global Ecology Scaling Exercise , 1994 .
[782] F. Woodward. Climate and plant distribution , 1987 .
[783] Stanley A. Changnon,et al. The Great Flood Of 1993: Causes, Impacts, And Responses , 1996 .
[784] Sara Ebenreck,et al. Shading our cities: A resource guide for urban and community forests , 1989 .
[785] R. Betts,et al. Self‐beneficial effects of vegetation on climate in an ocean‐atmosphere general circulation model , 1999 .
[786] S. Schubert,et al. Distinct Hydrological Signatures in Observed Historical Temperature Fields , 2006 .
[787] Victor Brovkin,et al. Biogeophysical versus biogeochemical feedbacks of large‐scale land cover change , 2001 .
[788] Jonathan A. Foley,et al. Net primary productivity in the terrestrial biosphere: The application of a global model , 1994 .
[789] P. E. Schroeder,et al. SPATIAL PATTERNS OF ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION AND MORTALITY OF WOODY BIOMASS FOR EASTERN U.S. FORESTS , 1999 .
[790] S. Long,et al. What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. , 2004, The New phytologist.
[791] David Rind,et al. An Efficient Approach to Modeling the Topographic Control of Surface Hydrology for Regional and Global Climate Modeling , 1997 .
[792] L. Holdridge. Life zone ecology. , 1967 .
[793] Makiko Sato,et al. A closer look at United States and global surface temperature change , 2001 .
[794] R. Avissar,et al. Atmospheric Disturbances Caused by Human Modification of the Landscape , 2001 .
[795] Allison L. Dunn,et al. A long‐term record of carbon exchange in a boreal black spruce forest: means, responses to interannual variability, and decadal trends , 2007 .
[796] A. Bondeau,et al. Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): global pattern and differentiation by major biomes , 1999 .
[797] Leslie A. Viereck,et al. ELEMENT CYCLING IN TAIGA FORESTS : STATE-FACTOR CONTROL , 1991 .
[798] Feng Gao,et al. Land boundary conditions from MODIS data and consequences for the albedo of a climate model , 2004 .
[799] F. Woodward,et al. Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to CO2 and climate change: results from six dynamic global vegetation models , 2001 .
[800] Mark Westoby,et al. The Self-Thinning Rule , 1984 .
[801] D. Schimel,et al. Global patterns of terrestrial biological nitrogen (N2) fixation in natural ecosystems , 1999 .
[802] G. Collatz,et al. Profiles of photosynthetically active radiation, nitrogen and photosynthetic capacity in the boreal forest: Implications for scaling from leaf to canopy , 1997 .
[803] Thomas M. Smith,et al. A High-Resolution Global Sea Surface Temperature Climatology , 1995 .
[804] Paul J. Valdes,et al. Modeling the Impact of Land Surface Degradation on the Climate of Tropical North Africa , 2001 .
[805] Alan K. Betts,et al. The FIFE surface diurnal cycle climate , 1995 .
[806] Karl J Niklas,et al. Maximum plant height and the biophysical factors that limit it. , 2007, Tree physiology.
[807] V. Singh,et al. Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology , 1995 .
[808] J. Prospero,et al. Origin of Bermuda's clay-rich Quaternary paleosols and their paleoclimatic significance , 1996 .
[809] Chris D. Jones,et al. Climate-carbon cycle feedbacks under stabilization: uncertainty and observational constraints , 2006 .
[810] T. Oke,et al. Turbulent Heat Fluxes in Urban Areas: Observations and a Local-Scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme (LUMPS) , 2002 .
[811] R. Houghton,et al. Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use and land management 1850–2000 , 2003 .
[812] J. Randerson,et al. Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data , 1993 .
[813] The role of surface energy balance complexity in land surface models' sensitivity to increasing carbon dioxide , 2002 .
[814] S. Roy,et al. Sensitivity of simulated mesoscale atmospheric circulations resulting from landscape heterogeneity to aspects of model configuration , 2002 .
[815] Christopher D. Elvidge,et al. Trends in night-time city lights and vegetation indices associated with urbanization within the conterminous USA , 2004 .
[816] P. Grubb. THE MAINTENANCE OF SPECIES‐RICHNESS IN PLANT COMMUNITIES: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE REGENERATION NICHE , 1977 .
[817] Stephen Sitch,et al. The Carbon Balance of the Terrestrial Biosphere: Ecosystem Models and Atmospheric Observations , 2000 .
[818] S. Nicholson,et al. A comparison of the vegetation response to rainfall in the Sahel and East Africa, using normalized difference vegetation index from NOAA AVHRR , 1990 .
[819] P. Milly. Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance , 1994 .
[820] F. Giorgi,et al. Lake-Atmosphere Feedbacks Associated with Paleolakes Bonneville and Lahontan , 1994, Science.
[821] J. Andrews,et al. Forcing of the cold event of 8,200 years ago by catastrophic drainage of Laurentide lakes , 1999, Nature.
[822] J. Hansen,et al. Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[823] C. N. Hewitt,et al. A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions , 1995 .
[824] D. Tilman,et al. Influence of Nitrogen Loading and Species Composition on the Carbon Balance of Grasslands , 1996, Science.
[825] J. C. Price. Estimating vegetation amount from visible and near infrared reflectances , 1992 .
[826] W. Cooper,et al. The Recent Ecological History of Glacier Bay, Alaska: The Present Vegetation Cycle , 1923 .
[827] Robert Jacob,et al. Simulated and Observed Preindustrial to Modern Vegetation and Climate Changes , 2005 .
[828] Gregg Marland,et al. Net carbon flux from agriculture: Carbon emissions, carbon sequestration, crop yield, and land-use change , 2003 .
[829] M. Bosilovich,et al. Numerical simulation of the 1993 midwestern flood: Local and remote sources of water , 1999 .
[830] B. McAvaney,et al. Influence of vegetation changes during the Last Glacial Maximum using the BMRC atmospheric general circulation model , 2001 .
[831] D. Mocko,et al. Simulation of high latitude hydrological processes in the Torne-Kalix basin : PILPS phase 2(e) - 2: Comparison of model results with observations , 2003 .
[832] W. Cooper,et al. A Fourth Expedition to Glacier Bay, Alaska , 1939 .
[833] C. Watkins,et al. Interactions between humans and woodland in prehistoric and medieval Drenthe (the Netherlands): an interdisciplinary approach. , 1998 .
[834] William G. Lee,et al. Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate , 2005 .
[835] C. Federer. Solar radiation absorption by leafless hardwood forests , 1971 .
[836] W. Schlesinger. Evidence from chronosequence studies for a low carbon-storage potential of soils , 1990, Nature.
[837] A. Dai,et al. Surface Observed Global Land Precipitation Variations during 1900-88 , 1997 .
[838] Martin Claussen,et al. On multiple solutions of the atmosphere–vegetation system in present‐day climate , 1998 .
[839] David R. Foster,et al. Land-Use History (1730-1990) and Vegetation Dynamics in Central New England, USA , 1992 .
[840] P. Pupillo. Book reviewEncyclopedia of Plant Physiology, Vol. 12B: Physiological Plant Ecology. II. Water Relations and Carbon Assimilation. : O.L. Langer, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond and H. Ziegler (Editors). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1982, xi + 747 pp., DM288.00; US$120.10. , 1984 .
[841] S. Woodward,et al. Modeling the atmospheric life cycle and radiative impact of mineral dust in the Hadley Centre climate model , 2001 .
[842] J. Kutzbach,et al. Forcing of late Cenozoic northern hemisphere climate by plateau uplift in southern Asia and the American west , 1989 .
[843] Jon Holmgren,et al. Snow-Shrub Interactions in Arctic Tundra: A Hypothesis with Climatic Implications , 2001 .
[844] K. Beven,et al. Shenandoah Watershed Study: Calibration of a Topography‐Based, Variable Contributing Area Hydrological Model to a Small Forested Catchment , 1985 .
[845] J. M. Shepherd,et al. A Review of Current Investigations of Urban-Induced Rainfall and Recommendations for the Future , 2005 .
[846] W. Oechel,et al. Environmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of terrestrial vegetation , 2002 .
[847] J. Kutzbach,et al. The Influence of Changing Orbital Parameters and Surface Boundary Conditions on Climate Simulations for the Past 18 000 Years , 1986 .
[848] M. Garstang,et al. Cloud and rain processes in a biosphere-atmosphere interaction context in the Amazon Region , 2002 .
[849] Plant responses to past concentrations of CO2 , 1993 .
[850] X. R. Liu,et al. The Xinanjiang model. , 1995 .
[851] Guiling Wang,et al. Impact of Initial Soil Moisture Anomalies on Subsequent Precipitation over North America in the Coupled Land–Atmosphere Model CAM3–CLM3 , 2007 .
[852] W. Cooper. The Recent Ecological History of Glacier Bay, Alaska: The Interglacial Forests of Glacier Bay , 1923 .
[853] Ning Zeng,et al. Nonlinear Dynamics in a Coupled Vegetation-Atmosphere System and Implications for Desert-Forest Gradient , 2002 .
[854] F. H. Schweingruber,et al. Influence of volcanic eruptions on Northern Hemisphere summer temperature over the past 600 years , 1998, Nature.
[855] Donald E. Weller,et al. A Reevaluation of the ‐3/2 Power Rule of Plant Self‐Thinning , 1987 .
[856] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. Seasonal variation of energy and water vapor exchange rates above and below a boreal jack pine forest canopy , 1997 .
[857] P. K. Snyder,et al. Analyzing the effects of complete tropical forest removal on the regional climate using a detailed three‐dimensional energy budget: An application to Africa , 2004 .
[858] James R. Runkle,et al. PATTERNS OF DISTURBANCE IN SOME OLD-GROWTH MESIC FORESTS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA' , 1982 .
[859] Christopher B. Field,et al. Current status and past trends of the global carbon cycle , 2004 .
[860] Thomas R. Loveland,et al. Land cover mapping, fire regeneration, and scaling studies in the Canadian boreal forest with 1 km AVHRR and Landsat TM data , 1997 .
[861] J. Stewart,et al. Evaporation from the wet canopy of a pine forest , 1977 .
[862] C. Wirth,et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods , 2006, Ecosystems.
[863] C. W. Thornthwaite. An approach toward a rational classification of climate. , 1948 .
[864] Steven Strom,et al. Site engineering for landscape architects , 1993 .
[865] David Tilman,et al. CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE OF OLD-FIELD PLANT COMMUNITIES ALONG EXPERIMENTAL NITROGEN GRADIENTS' , 1988 .
[866] Ramakrishna R. Nemani,et al. A remote sensing based vegetation classification logic for global land cover analysis , 1995 .
[867] P. Braconnot,et al. Synergistic feedbacks between ocean and vegetation on mid- and high-latitude climates during the mid-Holocene , 2004 .
[868] Aaron A. Berg,et al. Realistic Initialization of Land Surface States: Impacts on Subseasonal Forecast Skill , 2004 .
[869] H. Douville. Assessing the Influence of Soil Moisture on Seasonal Climate Variability with AGCMs , 2003 .
[870] Peter M. Cox,et al. The Sensitivity of Global Climate Model Simulations to the Representation of Soil Moisture Heterogeneity , 2003 .
[871] M. Westoby,et al. Seedling longevity under deep shade in relation to seed size , 1996 .
[872] Peter D. Blanken,et al. Energy balance and canopy conductance of a boreal aspen forest: Partitioning overstory and understory components , 1997 .
[873] R. Neilson. A Model for Predicting Continental‐Scale Vegetation Distribution and Water Balance , 1995 .
[874] Louise A. Mozingo,et al. The Aesthetics of Ecological Design: Seeing Science as Culture , 1997, Landscape Journal.
[875] R. Dickinson,et al. Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry , 2007 .
[876] J. Randerson,et al. Continental-Scale Partitioning of Fire Emissions During the 1997 to 2001 El Niño/La Niña Period , 2003, Science.
[877] K. Caldeira,et al. Combined climate and carbon-cycle effects of large-scale deforestation , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[878] T. Meyers,et al. Measuring Biosphere‐Atmosphere Exchanges of Biologically Related Gases with Micrometeorological Methods , 1988 .
[879] Dennis P. Swaney,et al. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences , 1996 .
[880] G. Meehl. Influence of the land surface in the Asian summer monsoon , 1994 .
[881] Robert C. Balling,et al. Measuring the effect of overgrazing in the Sonoran Desert , 1990 .
[882] R. Ryel,et al. RAPID SOIL MOISTURE RECHARGE TO DEPTH BY ROOTS IN A STAND OF ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA , 2003 .
[883] A. Baumgartner,et al. The world water balance: Mean annual global, continental and maritime precipitation, evaporation and run-off , 1975 .
[884] E. Lorenz,et al. The essence of chaos , 1993 .
[885] Sandy P. Harrison,et al. Monsoon changes for 6000 years ago: Results of 18 simulations from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) , 1999 .
[886] V. Brovkin,et al. Vegetation dynamics amplifies precessional forcing , 2006 .
[887] Thomas M. Smith,et al. Plant Succession: Life History and Competition , 1987, The American Naturalist.
[888] Ranga B. Myneni,et al. Relation between interannual variations in satellite measures of northern forest greenness and climate between 1982 and 1999 , 2003 .
[889] Keith Beven,et al. APPLICATION OF A GENERALIZED TOPMODEL TO THE SMALL RINGELBACH CATCHMENT, VOSGES, FRANCE , 1996 .
[890] O. Torres,et al. ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GLOBAL SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC SOIL DUST IDENTIFIED WITH THE NIMBUS 7 TOTAL OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER (TOMS) ABSORBING AEROSOL PRODUCT , 2002 .
[891] Hanqin Tian,et al. The sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to historical climate variability and atmospheric CO2 in the United States , 1999 .
[892] M. Gadgil,et al. Growth Form and Reproductive Effort in Goldenrods (Solidago, Compositae) , 1973, The American Naturalist.
[893] C. Eagar,et al. Summary of water yield eperiments at Hubbard Brook Eperimental Forest, New Hampshire , 1997 .
[894] R. B. Jackson,et al. A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes , 1996, Oecologia.
[895] Praveen Kumar,et al. Basin level statistical properties of topographic index for North America , 2000 .
[896] Jerry M. Melillo,et al. Soil Warming and Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks to the Climate System , 2002, Science.
[897] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. A comparison of methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components: sap-flow, soil water budget, eddy covariance and catchment water balance , 2001 .
[898] T. Palmer,et al. Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperatures, 1901–85 , 1986, Nature.
[899] T. Karl,et al. Assessment of urbanization effects in time series of surface air temperature over land , 1990, Nature.
[900] José M. V. Fragoso,et al. Forecasting Regional to Global Plant Migration in Response to Climate Change , 2005 .
[901] S. Nicholson,et al. A re‐evaluation of rainfall variability in the sahel. Part I. Characteristics of rainfall fluctuations , 1993 .
[902] T. Oke,et al. The Energy Balance of an Urban Canyon , 1977 .
[903] F. Stuart Chapin,et al. Alaska's changing boreal forest , 2006 .
[904] Ingegärd Eliasson,et al. Urban nocturnal temperatures, street geometry and land use , 1996 .
[905] J. Shukla,et al. An Apparent Relationship between Eurasian Snow Cover and Indian Monsoon Rainfall , 1976 .
[906] James A. Larsen,et al. The Boreal Ecosystem , 1981 .
[907] Peter D. Blanken,et al. Annual cycles of water vapour and carbon dioxide fluxes in and above a boreal aspen forest , 1996 .
[908] Zong-Liang Yang,et al. The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) Phase 2(c) Red–Arkansas River basin experiment:: 1. Experiment description and summary intercomparisons , 1998 .
[909] R. G. Semonin. Surface Weather Conditions , 1981 .
[910] J. Kutzbach,et al. Response of the African Monsoon to Orbital Forcing and Ocean Feedbacks in the Middle Holocene , 1997 .
[911] Roger A. Pielke,et al. Effects of biomass-burning-derived aerosols on precipitation and clouds in the Amazon Basin: a satellite-based empirical study , 2006 .
[912] C. Müller,et al. Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance , 2007 .
[913] P. Hari,et al. The human footprint in the carbon cycle of temperate and boreal forests , 2007, Nature.
[914] S. Hollinger,et al. Spatial heterogeneity of albedo over a snow‐covered agricultural landscape , 1999 .
[915] David A. Robinson,et al. North American snow extent: 1900-1994 , 1999 .
[916] D. Lettenmaier,et al. A Long-Term Hydrologically Based Dataset of Land Surface Fluxes and States for the Conterminous United States* , 2002 .
[917] F. Chapin,et al. Role of Land-Surface Changes in Arctic Summer Warming , 2005, Science.
[918] Cristina Milesi,et al. U.S. constructed area approaches the size of Ohio , 2004 .
[919] G. Myhre,et al. Model simulations of dust sources and transport in the global atmosphere: Effects of soil erodibility and wind speed variability , 2005 .
[920] Houghton,et al. The U.S. Carbon budget: contributions from land-Use change , 1999, Science.
[921] I. Fung,et al. Observational Contrains on the Global Atmospheric Co2 Budget , 1990, Science.
[922] S. Vavrus,et al. Global Vegetation and Climate Change due to Future Increases in CO2 as Projected by a Fully Coupled Model with Dynamic Vegetation , 2007 .
[923] M. Hodnett,et al. Control of Dry Season Evapotranspiration over the Amazonian Forest as Inferred from Observations at a Southern Amazon Forest Site , 2007 .
[924] Richard H. Waring,et al. Environmental Limits on Net Primary Production and Light‐Use Efficiency Across the Oregon Transect , 1994 .
[925] Daniel Rosenfeld,et al. Quantifying Precipitation Suppression Due to Air Pollution , 2004 .
[926] Herman H. Shugart,et al. Forest succession. Concepts and application , 2011, Vegetatio.
[927] N. Noblet,et al. Sensitivity of the African and Asian Monsoons to Mid-Holocene Insolation and Data-Inferred Surface Changes. , 2000 .
[928] J. Ehleringer,et al. C4 photosynthesis, atmospheric CO2, and climate , 1997, Oecologia.
[929] Taylor H. Ricketts,et al. The consequences of urban land transformation on net primary productivity in the United States , 2004 .
[930] John F. Muratore,et al. Nitrogen and Lignin Control of Hardwood Leaf Litter Decomposition Dynamics , 1982 .
[931] T. Black,et al. Postulated feedbacks of deciduous forest phenology on seasonal climate patterns in the Western Canadian interior. , 2000 .
[932] S. Manabe,et al. SIMULATED CLIMATOLOGY OF A GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL WITH A HYDROLOGIC CYCLE , 1965 .
[933] Jerry M. Davis,et al. Estimating the urban bias of surface shelter temperatures using upper-air and satellite data. Part 2: Estimation of the urban bias , 1995 .
[934] Johan Six,et al. Interactions between plant growth and soil nutrient cycling under elevated CO2: a meta‐analysis , 2006 .
[935] J. Kutzbach,et al. Fully coupled climate/dynamical vegetation model simulations over Northern Africa during the mid-Holocene , 2000 .
[936] J. Alan Wagar. Using Vegetation to Control Sunlight and Shade on Windows , 1984, Landscape Journal.
[937] Christopher Potter,et al. Terrestrial Biomass and the Effects of Deforestation on the Global Carbon Cycle , 1999 .
[938] Maurizio Mencuccini,et al. Climate influences the leaf area/sapwood area ratio in Scots pine. , 1995, Tree physiology.
[939] M. Raupach,et al. Maximum conductances for evaporation from global vegetation types , 1995 .
[940] C. S. B. Grimmond,et al. Evaluation of the Urban Tile in MOSES using Surface Energy Balance Observations , 2006 .
[941] Ilan Koren,et al. Measurement of the Effect of Amazon Smoke on Inhibition of Cloud Formation , 2004, Science.
[942] Ian N. Harman,et al. The surface energy balance and boundary layer over urban street canyons , 2006 .
[943] P. J. Murphy,et al. Historical Fire Records in the North American Boreal Forest , 2000 .
[944] Ü. Rannik,et al. Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX methodology , 2000 .
[945] R. Balling,et al. Temporal Variations in Tucson, Arizona Summertime Atmospheric Moisture, Temperature and Weather Stress Levels , 1987 .
[946] A. McGuire,et al. Interactions between carbon and nitrogen dynamics in estimating net primary productivity for potential vegetation in North America , 1992 .
[947] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. A biophysical surface energy budget analysis of soil temperature in the boreal forests of interior Alaska , 1991 .
[948] N. Noblet,et al. Synergistic feedbacks from ocean and vegetation on the African Monsoon response to Mid‐Holocene insolation , 1999 .
[949] R. Baskett,et al. MICROCLIMATES WITHIN AN URBAN AREA , 1977 .
[950] J. Polcher,et al. The impact of African and Amazonian deforestation on tropical climate , 1994 .
[951] F. A. Bazzaz,et al. The Response of Natural Ecosystems to the Rising Global CO2 Levels , 1990 .
[952] S. Manabe,et al. The rôle of thermohaline circulation in climate , 1999 .
[953] David A. Robinson,et al. Northern Hemisphere snow extent: regional variability 1972–1994 , 1999 .
[954] David Rind,et al. The effect of snow cover on the climate , 1991 .
[955] P. Bartlein,et al. LATE‐QUATERNARY VEGETATION DYNAMICS IN NORTH AMERICA: SCALING FROM TAXA TO BIOMES , 2004 .
[956] R. Forman,et al. Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land-Use Planning , 1996 .
[957] Katrin J. Meissner,et al. The role of land surface dynamics in glacial inception: a study with the UVic Earth System Model , 2003 .
[958] David R. Foster,et al. Land-Use History as Long-Term Broad-Scale Disturbance: Regional Forest Dynamics in Central New England , 1998, Ecosystems.
[959] J. M. Mitchell. The Temperature of Cities , 1961 .
[960] Andreas Schmittner,et al. Instability of Glacial Climate in a Model of the Ocean- Atmosphere-Cryosphere System , 2002, Science.
[961] F. Vukovich. An Analysis of the Ground Temperature and Reflectivity Pattern about St. Louis, Missouri, Using HCMM Satellite Data , 1983 .
[962] R. Koster,et al. Modeling the land surface boundary in climate models as a composite of independent vegetation stands , 1992 .
[963] Michael H. Glantz,et al. ENSO as an Integrating Concept in Earth Science , 2006, Science.
[964] P. Wilf. When are leaves good thermometers? A new case for Leaf Margin Analysis , 1997, Paleobiology.
[965] David M. Lawrence,et al. A projection of severe near‐surface permafrost degradation during the 21st century , 2005 .
[966] J. Charney,et al. Drought in the Sahara: A Biogeophysical Feedback Mechanism , 1975, Science.
[967] A. Voldoire. Quantifying the impact of future land‐use changes against increases in GHG concentrations , 2006 .
[968] John D. Wilson,et al. A second-order closure model for flow through vegetation , 1988 .
[969] D. Beerling,et al. Paleobotanical evidence for near present-day levels of atmospheric Co2 during part of the tertiary. , 2001, Science.
[970] Gerald R. North,et al. Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 1000 Years , 2006 .
[971] H. Douville,et al. Relevance of soil moisture for seasonal climate predictions: a preliminary study , 2000 .
[972] I. Fung,et al. Root functioning modifies seasonal climate. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[973] Pedro Viterbo,et al. Impact of the ECMWF reanalysis soil water on forecasts of the July 1993 Mississippi flood , 1999 .
[974] W. Broecker. Does the Trigger for Abrupt Climate Change Reside in the Ocean or in the Atmosphere? , 2003, Science.
[975] Virgil J. Lunardini,et al. Heat transfer in cold climates , 1981 .
[976] R. P. McIntosh. The Background of Ecology: Concept and Theory , 1985 .
[977] John M. Norman,et al. 4 – Scaling Processes between Leaf and Canopy Levels , 1993 .
[978] J. Hurrell. Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation , 1995, Science.
[979] Tilden P. Meyers,et al. Modelling the plant canopy micrometeorology with higher-order closure principles , 1987 .
[980] M. Hughes,et al. Northern hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations , 1999 .
[981] Evaluating the carbon cycle of a coupled atmosphere‐biosphere model , 2003 .
[982] Robert E. Veiga,et al. SAGE II measurements of early Pinatubo aerosols , 1992 .
[983] D. C. West,et al. Simulating the Role of Climate Change and Species Immigration in Forest Succession , 1981 .
[984] K. Beven,et al. The Relationship of Catchment Topography and Soil Hydraulic Characteristics to Lake Alkalinity in the , 1989 .
[985] R. Barry,et al. Statistics and characteristics of permafrost and ground-ice distribution in the Northern Hemisphere , 1999 .
[986] A. Dalcher,et al. A Simple Biosphere Model (SIB) for Use within General Circulation Models , 1986 .
[987] M. Caldwell,et al. Hydraulic lift: water efflux from upper roots improves effectiveness of water uptake by deep roots , 1989, Oecologia.
[988] McCulloch,et al. Pleistocene extinction of genyornis newtoni: human impact on australian megafauna , 1999, Science.
[989] R. Pielke,et al. The boreal forest and the polar front , 1995 .
[990] A. E. Hall,et al. Stomatal Responses, Water Loss and CO2 Assimilation Rates of Plants in Contrasting Environments , 1982 .
[991] Edward B. Rastetter,et al. Arctic and boreal ecosystems of western North America as components of the climate system , 2000, Global change biology.
[992] K. Trenberth,et al. The flow of energy through the earth's climate system , 2004 .
[993] K. Oleson,et al. An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I: Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities , 2008 .
[994] David Pollard,et al. Coupling dynamic models of climate and vegetation , 1998 .
[995] G. Peterken,et al. Americans and Their Forests. A Historical Geography. , 1990 .
[996] T. Oke,et al. Long-wave radiative flux divergence and nocturnal cooling of the urban atmosphere , 1976 .
[997] S. Hostetler. Simulation of lake ice and its effect on the late-Pleistocene evaporation rate of Lake Lahontan , 1991 .
[998] T. Oke,et al. Urban heat storage derived as energy balance residuals , 1987 .
[999] Ruth Enis. Landscape and climate — the interdependence of some of their factors , 1984 .
[1000] G. Guntenspergen,et al. Historical Landcover Changes in the Great Lakes Region , 1998 .
[1001] C. Monk. AN ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EVERGREENNESS , 1966 .
[1002] Michael Schatzmann,et al. BUBBLE – an Urban Boundary Layer Meteorology Project , 2005 .
[1003] A. Viterito. Changing thermal topography of the Baltimore-Washington corridor: 1950–1979 , 1989 .
[1004] I. C. Prentice,et al. An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes , 1996 .
[1005] T. Hinckley,et al. A Theoretical Model for Calculation of Xylem Sap Pressure from Climatological Data , 1973 .
[1006] Lara M. Kueppers,et al. Irrigation cooling effect: Regional climate forcing by land‐use change , 2007 .
[1007] N. Tapper,et al. Modeling the Winter Urban Heat Island Over Christchurch, New Zealand , 1981 .
[1008] Anne Whiston Spirn,et al. The Granite Garden, Urban Nature and Human Design , 1984 .
[1009] R. Koster,et al. The Offline Validation of Land Surface Models: Assessing Success at the Annual Timescale , 1999 .
[1010] R. Norby,et al. Nitrogen uptake, distribution, turnover, and efficiency of use in a CO2-enriched sweetgum forest. , 2006, Ecology.
[1011] N. Middleton. Effect of drought on dust production in the Sahel , 1985, Nature.
[1012] S. Kanae,et al. Global Hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources , 2006, Science.
[1013] Steward T. A. Pickett,et al. Succession: An Evolutionary Interpretation , 1976, The American Naturalist.
[1014] A. Henderson-Sellers,et al. Possible climatic impacts of land cover transformations, with particular emphasis on tropical deforestation , 1984 .
[1015] J. Berry,et al. A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species , 1980, Planta.
[1016] Michael G. Ryan,et al. Evidence that decomposition rates of organic carbon in mineral soil do not vary with temperature , 2000, Nature.
[1017] Norman L. Christensen,et al. CONVERGENCE DURING SECONDARY FOREST SUCCESSION , 1984 .
[1018] A. Watson,et al. Biological homeostasis of the global environment: the parable of Daisyworld , 1983 .
[1019] G. Gutman,et al. The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models , 1998 .
[1020] E. Kalnay,et al. Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate , 2003, Nature.
[1021] Paul J. Valdes,et al. Transient simulations of Holocene atmospheric carbon dioxide and terrestrial carbon since the Last Glacial Maximum , 2004 .
[1022] Alan K. Betts,et al. Albedo over the boreal forest , 1997 .
[1023] Peter B. Reich,et al. Leaf structure (specific leaf area) modulates photosynthesis–nitrogen relations: evidence from within and across species and functional groups , 1998 .
[1024] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. On measuring and modeling energy fluxes above the floor of a homogeneous and heterogeneous conifer forest , 2000 .
[1025] W. Post,et al. Influence of climate, soil moisture, and succession on forest carbon and nitrogen cycles , 1986 .
[1026] George C. Hurtt,et al. The effects of deforestation on the hydrological cycle in Amazonia: a review on scale and resolution , 2007 .
[1027] D. Beerling,et al. Fossil Plants and Global Warming at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary. , 1999, Science.
[1028] James S. Clark,et al. Plant migration and climate change , 1997 .
[1029] Christopher B. Field,et al. The contribution of terrestrial sources and sinks to trends in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric carbon dioxide , 1997 .
[1030] A. Solomon. Transient response of forests to CO2-induced climate change: simulation modeling experiments in eastern North America , 1986, Oecologia.
[1031] J. Grace. A clarification of the debate between Grime and Tilman , 1991 .
[1032] T. Dawson. Hydraulic lift and water use by plants: implications for water balance, performance and plant-plant interactions , 1993, Oecologia.
[1033] C. Potter,et al. Interannual covariability in Northern Hemisphere air temperatures and greenness associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation , 2003 .
[1034] C. Field,et al. The photosynthesis – leaf nitrogen relationship at ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide: a meta‐analysis , 1999 .
[1035] Y. Sud,et al. A study of the influence of surface albedo on July circulation in semi‐arid regions using the glas GCM , 1982 .
[1036] Navin Ramankutty,et al. Estimating historical changes in land cover:North American croplands from 1850 to 1992 , 1999 .
[1037] Thomas M. Smith,et al. Sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to CO2-induced climate change: Comparison of four scenarios based on general circulation models , 1992 .
[1038] R. Betts,et al. Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle projections for the 21st century , 2004 .
[1039] Patrick J. Bartlein,et al. VEGETATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA SINCE THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM , 1991 .
[1040] J. Otterman,et al. Baring High-Albedo Soils by Overgrazing: A Hypothesized Desertification Mechanism , 1974, Science.
[1041] Robert J. Scholes,et al. Observations and modeling of biomass and soil organic matter dynamics for the grassland biome worldwide , 1993 .
[1042] F. Wilmers,et al. Green for melioration of urban climate , 1988 .
[1043] Guiling Wang. A Conceptual Modeling Study on Biosphere–Atmosphere Interactions and Its Implications for Physically Based Climate Modeling , 2004 .
[1044] C. Stevens,et al. Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on the Species Richness of Grasslands , 2004, Science.
[1045] N. M. Mattikalli,et al. Microwave remote sensing of temporal variations of brightness temperature and near‐surface soil water content during a watershed‐scale field experiment, and its application to the estimation of soil physical properties , 1998 .
[1046] Takeshi Ise,et al. The global-scale temperature and moisture dependencies of soil organic carbon decomposition: an analysis using a mechanistic decomposition model , 2006 .
[1047] Omar T. Farouki,et al. The thermal properties of soils in cold regions , 1981 .
[1048] P. Falkowski,et al. Biogeochemical Controls and Feedbacks on Ocean Primary Production , 1998, Science.
[1049] M. Verstraete,et al. Biomass burning and its inter-relationships with the climate system , 2000 .
[1050] G. Kohlmaier,et al. Modelling stimulation of plants and ecosystem response to present levels of excess atmospheric CO2 , 1987 .
[1051] J. Shukla,et al. Influence of Land-Surface Evapotranspiration on the Earth's Climate , 1982, Science.
[1052] W. Rouse. Microclimate at Arctic Tree Line 1. Radiation Balance of Tundra and Forest , 1984 .
[1053] V. Méndez,et al. Consequences of inter-specific competition among multiple adaptive species in Daisyworld , 2005 .
[1054] R. Betts,et al. Implications of land ecosystem-atmosphere interactions for strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation , 2007 .
[1055] R. Stouffer,et al. Assessment of Twentieth-Century Regional Surface Temperature Trends using the GFDL CM2 Coupled Models , 2006 .
[1056] Kevin E. Trenberth,et al. Observed and model‐simulated diurnal cycles of precipitation over the contiguous United States , 1999 .
[1057] F. Woodward,et al. The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change , 2003, Nature.
[1058] J. Connell,et al. Mechanisms of Succession in Natural Communities and Their Role in Community Stability and Organization , 1977, The American Naturalist.
[1059] J. Grace,et al. Toward models of resource allocation by plants , 1997 .
[1060] A. Dolman,et al. The parametrization of rainfall interception in GCMs , 1992 .
[1061] R. Dickinson,et al. Impact of new land boundary conditions from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data on the climatology of land surface variables , 2004 .
[1062] Barry L. Tarmy,et al. The Use of Asphalt Coatings to Increase Rainfall , 1963 .
[1063] C. Tucker,et al. A large carbon sink in the woody biomass of Northern forests , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[1064] Ranga B. Myneni,et al. Potential gross primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation from 1982 - 1990 , 1995 .
[1065] D. Lüthi,et al. Climate impacts of European‐scale anthropogenic vegetation changes: A sensitivity study using a regional climate model , 2001 .
[1066] David J. Hicks,et al. The Ecology of Leaf Life Spans , 1982 .
[1067] M. Sturm,et al. The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan‐Arctic , 2006 .
[1068] Anne Whiston Spirn,et al. The Poetics of City and Nature: Towards a New Aesthetic for Urban Design , 1988, Landscape Journal.
[1069] P. Harcombe,et al. Tree Life Tables , 1987 .
[1070] Joyce E. Penner,et al. Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Terrestrial Carbon Storage Due to Deposition of Fossil Fuel Nitrogen , 1996 .
[1071] Alan K. Betts,et al. FIFE Surface Climate and Site-Average Dataset 1987–89 , 1998 .
[1072] R. Arritt,et al. Simulation of potential impacts of man-made land use changes on U.S. summer climate under various synoptic regimes , 1999 .
[1073] Peter E. Thornton,et al. Modeling and measuring the effects of disturbance history and climate on carbon and water budgets in evergreen needleleaf forests , 2002 .
[1074] G. Bonan,et al. Using a Forest Stand Simulation Model to Examine the Ecological and Climatic Significance of the Late-Quaternary Pine-Spruce Pollen Zone in Eastern Virginia, U.S.A. , 1990, Quaternary Research.
[1075] Gérard Dedieu,et al. Monitoring seasonal and interannual variations of gross primary productivity, net primary productivity and net ecosystem productivity using a diagnostic model and remotely‐sensed data , 1995 .
[1076] R. Pielke,et al. The Influence of Anthropogenic Landscape Changes on Weather in South Florida , 1999 .
[1077] Catherine Keever,et al. Causes of Succession on Old Fields of the Piedmont, North Carolina , 1950 .
[1078] Gene E. Likens,et al. Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem , 1996, Springer New York.
[1079] Philip W. Suckling. The Energy Balance Microclimate of a Suburban Lawn , 1980 .
[1080] Gérard Dedieu,et al. TURC: A diagnostic model of continental gross primary productivity and net primary productivity , 1996 .
[1081] R. Dickinson,et al. Evaluation of the Utility of Satellite-Based Vegetation Leaf Area Index Data for Climate Simulations , 2001 .
[1082] C. Jackson,et al. The Climate near the Ground , 1966 .
[1083] R. Koster,et al. Variance and Predictability of Precipitation at Seasonal-to-Interannual Timescales , 2000 .
[1084] J. Shukla,et al. The Influence of Land Surface Properties on Sahel Climate. Part II. Afforestation , 1996 .
[1085] J. Penner,et al. Improving global estimates of atmospheric emissions from biomass burning , 2004 .
[1086] F. Achard,et al. A Synthesis of Information on Rapid Land-cover Change for the Period 1981–2000 , 2005 .
[1087] Robert B. Jackson,et al. THE GLOBAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF ROOTS , 2002 .
[1088] Renato Ramos da Silva,et al. The Hydrometeorology of a Deforested Region of the Amazon Basin , 2006 .
[1089] Henry F. Arnold. Trees in urban design , 1980 .
[1090] S. S. Shen,et al. A multimodel study of the twentieth‐century simulations of Sahel drought from the 1970s to 1990s , 2006 .
[1091] Jean-Francois Lamarque,et al. Variations in the predicted spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and their impact on carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems , 1997 .
[1092] Jörg Kaduk,et al. Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): comparison of NPP to climate and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) , 1999 .
[1093] Yongkang Xue,et al. The Impact of Desertification in the Mongolian and the Inner Mongolian Grassland on the Regional Climate , 1996 .
[1094] Praveen Kumar,et al. Topographic Influence on the Seasonal and Interannual Variation of Water and Energy Balance of Basins in North America , 2001 .
[1095] Graham D. Farquhar,et al. Modelling of Photosynthetic Response to Environmental Conditions , 1982 .
[1096] Jeremy S. Pal,et al. Teleconnections of soil moisture and rainfall during the 1993 midwest summer flood , 2002 .
[1097] Christopher D. Elvidge,et al. Satellite inventory of human settlements using nocturnal radiation emissions: a contribution for the global toolchest , 1997 .
[1098] P. Cox,et al. How positive is the feedback between climate change and the carbon cycle? , 2003 .
[1099] J. Welker,et al. Winter Biological Processes Could Help Convert Arctic Tundra to Shrubland , 2005 .
[1100] C. Cole,et al. Climatic and Topographic Relations of Three Great Plains Soils: I. Soil Morphology , 1990 .
[1101] Wilfried Brutsaert,et al. Evaporation into the atmosphere : theory, history, and applications , 1982 .
[1102] J. Sperry,et al. Water Relations of Plants and Soils , 1995 .
[1103] K. Lindsay,et al. Evolution of carbon sinks in a changing climate. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[1104] Timothy R. Oke,et al. Sensible Heat Fluxes over an Urban Area—Vancouver, B.C. , 1974 .
[1105] Stan D. Wullschleger,et al. Tree responses to rising CO2 in field experiments: implications for the future forest , 1999 .
[1106] J. Kutzbach,et al. Sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to forcing parameters and implications for its evolution , 1992, Nature.
[1107] R. Balling,et al. Interactions of Desertification and Climate , 1995 .
[1108] Malcolm K. Hughes,et al. Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries , 1998, Nature.
[1109] G. Collatz,et al. Parameterization and testing of a coupled photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model for boreal trees. , 1998, Tree physiology.
[1110] S. Nicholson. The Nature of Rainfall Fluctuations in Subtropical West Africa , 1980 .
[1111] Ramakrishna R. Nemani,et al. Sensitivity of a general circulation model to global changes in leaf area index , 1996 .
[1112] Rezaul Mahmood,et al. Modification of growing‐season surface temperature records in the northern great plains due to land‐use transformation: verification of modelling results and implication for global climate change , 2004 .
[1113] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. Simulating Springtime Temperature Patterns in the Community Atmosphere Model Coupled to the Community Land Model Using Prognostic Leaf Area , 2004 .
[1114] Dennis P. Lettenmaier,et al. Hydrologic effects of logging in western Washington, United States , 2000 .
[1115] G. Grey. The Urban Forest: Comprehensive Management , 1995 .
[1116] J. Kasting,et al. The Earth System , 1999 .
[1117] C. Elvidge,et al. Spatial analysis of global urban extent from DMSP-OLS night lights , 2005 .
[1118] D. Beerling,et al. Stomatal Density Responses of Egyptian Olea europaea L. Leaves to CO2 Change Since 1327 BC , 1993 .
[1119] T. M. Smith,et al. A new model for the continuum concept , 1989 .
[1120] Robert K. Kaufmann,et al. Investigating soil moisture feedbacks on precipitation with tests of Granger causality , 2002 .
[1121] J. Fyles,et al. Litter decomposition rates in Canadian forests , 1999 .
[1122] Ian N. Harman,et al. Radiative Exchange in an Urban Street Canyon , 2004 .
[1123] Eurasian snow cover, more skillful in predicting U.S. winter climate than the NAO/AO? , 2003 .
[1124] Ronald M. Welch,et al. Climatic Impact of Tropical Lowland Deforestation on Nearby Montane Cloud Forests , 2001, Science.
[1125] Alan G. Barr,et al. The effect of post-fire stand age on the boreal forest energy balance , 2006 .
[1126] G. Liston,et al. Changing snow and shrub conditions affect albedo with global implications , 2005 .
[1127] C. Justice,et al. The generation of global fields of terrestrial biophysical parameters from the NDVI , 1994 .
[1128] A. Henderson‐sellers,et al. Incorporating Hydraulic Lift into a Land Surface Model and Its Effects on Surface Soil Moisture Prediction , 2004 .
[1129] Christopher D. Elvidge,et al. Satellite-based detection of global urban heat-island temperature influence , 2002 .
[1130] K. Cleve,et al. Relationships between cellulose decomposition, Jenny's k, forest-floor nitrogen, and soil temperature in Alaskan taiga forests , 1983 .
[1131] Michel Crucifix,et al. Vegetation and climate variability: a GCM modelling study , 2005 .
[1132] R. Balling,et al. Recent changes in Phoenix, Arizona summertime diurnal precipitation patterns , 1987 .
[1133] T. Barnett,et al. The Effect of Eurasian Snow Cover on Global Climate , 1988, Science.
[1134] S. Goward,et al. Global Primary Production: A Remote Sensing Approach , 1995 .
[1135] Christopher B. Field,et al. Increases in early season ecosystem uptake explain recent changes in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 at high northern latitudes , 1999 .
[1136] J. Syvitski,et al. Impact of Humans on the Flux of Terrestrial Sediment to the Global Coastal Ocean , 2005, Science.
[1137] P. Bartlein,et al. Late quaternary climate change in eastern North America: a comparison of pollen-derived estimates with climate model results , 1998 .
[1138] Roni Avissar,et al. The local and global effects of Amazon deforestation , 2001 .
[1139] Carl Sagan,et al. Anthropogenic Albedo Changes and the Earth's Climate , 1979, Science.
[1140] T. Vesala,et al. Deriving a light use efficiency model from eddy covariance flux data for predicting daily gross primary production across biomes , 2007 .
[1141] Berrien Moore,et al. The response of global terrestrial ecosystems to interannual temperature variability , 1997 .
[1142] N. Rabalais,et al. LSU Digital Commons LSU Digital Commons Coastal Eutrophication near the Mississippi River Delta Coastal Eutrophication near the Mississippi River Delta , 2022 .
[1143] The Meteorologically Utopian City , 1973 .
[1144] Huug van den Dool,et al. Analysis of model-calculated soil moisture over the United States (1931-1993) and applications to long-range temperature forecasts , 1996 .
[1145] D. Entekhabi,et al. The role of the Siberian high in northern hemisphere climate variability , 2001 .
[1146] T. Mote,et al. Patterns and Causes of Atlanta's Urban Heat Island–Initiated Precipitation , 2003 .
[1147] J. McBride,et al. Presettlement forest structure as a factor in urban forest development , 1986 .
[1148] Dennis D. Baldocchi,et al. On using eco-physiological, micrometeorological and biogeochemical theory to evaluate carbon dioxide, water vapor and trace gas fluxes over vegetation: a perspective , 1998 .
[1149] E. Cook,et al. Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States , 2004, Science.
[1150] F. Grousset,et al. Characterization of late glacial continental dust in the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core , 2000 .
[1151] T. Black,et al. Processes Controlling Understorey Evapotranspiration , 1989 .
[1152] Y. Sud,et al. Influence of Local Land-Surface Processes on the Indian Monsoon: A Numerical Study , 1985 .
[1153] D. Fillmore,et al. Climate response and radiative forcing from mineral aerosols during the last glacial maximum, pre‐industrial, current and doubled‐carbon dioxide climates , 2006 .
[1154] Stephen D. Prince,et al. Terrestrial net primary production estimates for 0.5o grid cells from field observations-a contribution to global biogeochemical modeling , 2003 .
[1155] Thomas H. Painter,et al. Climatic, edaphic, and biotic controls over storage and turnover of carbon in soils , 1994 .
[1156] Timothy R. Oke,et al. Evaluation of the Town Energy Balance (TEB) Scheme with Direct Measurements from Dry Districts in Two Cities , 2002 .
[1157] H. Matthews. Emissions targets for CO2 stabilization as modified by carbon cycle feedbacks , 2006 .
[1158] F. Woodward,et al. Predictions and Measurements of the Maximum Photosynthetic Rate, Amax, at the Global Scale , 1995 .
[1159] W. Rouse,et al. Thermal Characteristics and Energy Balance of Various-Size Canadian Shield Lakes in the Mackenzie River Basin , 2004 .
[1160] Sandy P. Harrison,et al. Climate and biome simulations for the past 21 , 1998 .
[1161] James W. Hurrell,et al. Detection and Attribution of Twentieth-Century Northern and Southern African Rainfall Change , 2006 .
[1162] D. Baldocchi. A lagrangian random-walk model for simulating water vapor, CO2 and sensible heat flux densities and scalar profiles over and within a soybean canopy , 1992 .
[1163] V. Olgyay. Design With Climate: Bioclimatic Approach to Architectural Regionalism , 1963 .
[1164] A. Clappier,et al. Validation of an Urban Surface Exchange Parameterization for Mesoscale Models— 1D Case in a Street Canyon , 2005 .
[1165] G. Brasseur,et al. Global Wildland Fire Emission Model (GWEM): Evaluating the use of global area burnt satellite data , 2004 .
[1166] R. Dickinson,et al. Effects of frozen soil on soil temperature, spring infiltration, and runoff: Results from the PILPS 2(d) experiment at Valdai, Russia , 2003 .
[1167] B. Lofgren. Simulated Effects of Idealized Laurentian Great Lakes on Regional and Large-Scale Climate* , 1997 .
[1168] Douglas W. Nychka,et al. A comparison of a GCM response to historical anthropogenic land cover change and model sensitivity to uncertainty in present-day land cover representations , 2005 .
[1169] H. S. Horn. The adaptive geometry of trees , 1971 .
[1170] J. Perlwitz,et al. Surface radiative forcing by soil dust aerosols and the hydrologic cycle , 2004 .
[1171] W. Rouse. Microclimate at Arctic Tree Line 3. The Effects of Regional Advection on the Surface Energy Balance of Upland Tundra , 1984 .
[1172] Marc L. Imhoff,et al. Global patterns in human consumption of net primary production , 2004, Nature.
[1173] Thomas M. Smith,et al. Plant functional types : their relevance to ecosystem properties and global change , 1998 .
[1174] P. Dirmeyer. Using a global soil wetness dataset to improve seasonal climate simulation , 2000 .
[1175] Herman H. Shugart,et al. Environmental Factors and Ecological Processes in Boreal Forests , 1989 .
[1176] Hirofumi Hashimoto,et al. El Niño–Southern Oscillation–induced variability in terrestrial carbon cycling , 2004 .
[1177] Gerald Mills,et al. Simulation of the energy budget of an urban canyon—I. Model structure and sensitivity test , 1993 .
[1178] D. Baldocchi. Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: past, present and future , 2003 .
[1179] C. E. Desborough,et al. The Impact of Root Weighting on the Response of Transpiration to Moisture Stress in Land Surface Schemes , 1997 .
[1180] G. Stanhill. Observations on the reduction of soil temperature , 1965 .
[1181] Susan E. Lee,et al. Contrasting physiological and structural vegetation feedbacks in climate change simulations , 1997, Nature.
[1182] O. Boucher,et al. Direct human influence of irrigation on atmospheric water vapour and climate , 2004 .
[1183] J. Otterman. Satellite and field studies of man's impact on the surface in arid regions , 1981 .
[1184] W. Cramer,et al. A global biome model based on plant physiology and dominance, soil properties and climate , 1992 .
[1185] J. P. Grime,et al. Seedling Establishment in Vertical Gradients of Sunlight , 1965 .
[1186] John Pastor,et al. Response of northern forests to CO2-induced climate change , 1988, Nature.
[1187] S. Changnon. What to do About Urban-generated Weather and Climate Changes , 1979 .
[1188] Guiling Wang,et al. Impact of CO2 concentration changes on the biosphere-atmosphere system of West Africa , 2002 .
[1189] D. Roberts,et al. Large area mapping of land‐cover change in Rondônia using multitemporal spectral mixture analysis and decision tree classifiers , 2002 .
[1190] Fei Chen,et al. The impact of land-surface wetness heterogeneity on mesoscale heat fluxes , 1994 .
[1191] I. Noble,et al. The Use of Vital Attributes to Predict Successional Changes in Plant Communities Subject to Recurrent Disturbances , 1980 .
[1192] Werner A. Kurz,et al. A 70-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CARBON FLUXES IN THE CANADIAN FOREST SECTOR , 1999 .
[1193] R. DeFries,et al. Interannual variability and decadal trend of global fractional vegetation cover from 1982 to 2000 , 2003 .
[1194] S. Running,et al. Forest ecosystem processes at the watershed scale: incorporating hillslope hydrology , 1993 .
[1195] R. Houghton. The annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use 1850–1990* , 1999 .
[1196] G. Hurtt,et al. The contributions of land‐use change, CO2 fertilization, and climate variability to the Eastern US carbon sink , 2006 .
[1197] Wayne T. Swank,et al. Forest Hydrology and Ecology at Coweeta , 1988, Ecological Studies.
[1198] K. McGuffie,et al. The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parametrization Schemes (PILPS): 1992 to 1995 , 1996 .
[1199] John L. Monteith,et al. A four-layer model for the heat budget of homogeneous land surfaces , 1988 .
[1200] Timothy R. Oke,et al. The distinction between canopy and boundary‐layer urban heat islands , 1976 .
[1201] Jerome Namias,et al. Spring and Summer 1988 Drought over the Contiguous United States—Causes and Prediction , 1991 .
[1202] M. Andreae,et al. Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon , 2004, Science.
[1203] Mark D. Schwartz,et al. Phenology and Springtime Surface-Layer Change , 1992 .
[1204] Xubin Zeng,et al. A global 0.05° maximum albedo dataset of snow‐covered land based on MODIS observations , 2005 .
[1205] Richard A. Anthes,et al. Enhancement of Convective Precipitation by Mesoscale Variations in Vegetative Covering in Semiarid Regions , 1984 .
[1206] Ann Henderson-Sellers,et al. A Climate Modelling Primer , 1987 .
[1207] R. Houghton. Interannual variability in the global carbon cycle , 2000 .
[1208] J. Hansen,et al. Earth's Energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications , 2005, Science.
[1209] W. Broecker. Abrupt climate change revisited , 2006 .
[1210] S. Wofsy,et al. Scaling gross ecosystem production at Harvard Forest with remote sensing: a comparison of estimates from a constrained quantum‐use efficiency model and eddy correlation , 1995 .
[1211] Inez Y. Fung,et al. The changing carbon cycle at Mauna Loa Observatory , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[1212] Jianping Mao,et al. The Volcanic Signal in Surface Temperature Observations. , 1995 .
[1213] J. Nichol. High-Resolution Surface Temperature Patterns Related to Urban Morphology in a Tropical City: A Satellite-Based Study , 1996 .
[1214] Philip B. Duffy,et al. Biogeophysical impacts of cropland management changes on climate , 2006 .
[1215] V. Neal,et al. El Niño occurrences over the past four and a half centuries , 1987 .
[1216] John H. Martin. glacial-interglacial Co2 change : the iron hypothesis , 1990 .
[1217] K. Yoda,et al. Self-thinning in overcrowded pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions (Intraspecific competition among higher plants. XI) , 1963 .
[1218] C. Justice,et al. A Revised Land Surface Parameterization (SiB2) for Atmospheric GCMS. Part II: The Generation of Global Fields of Terrestrial Biophysical Parameters from Satellite Data , 1996 .
[1219] S. Wofsy,et al. The Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2A) - Dry season 1985 , 1988 .
[1220] P. Jones,et al. Extension to the North Atlantic oscillation using early instrumental pressure observations from Gibraltar and south‐west Iceland , 1997 .
[1221] D. Wolock,et al. Effects of digital elevation model map scale and data resolution on a topography‐based watershed model , 1994 .
[1222] Joanna Isobel House,et al. Reconciling apparent inconsistencies in estimates of terrestrial CO2 sources and sinks , 2003 .
[1223] Jerry M. Melillo,et al. The Role of Nitrogen in the Response of Forest Net Primary Production to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide , 1995 .
[1224] D. Tilman,et al. Plant Allocation and the Multiple Limitation Hypothesis , 1992, The American Naturalist.
[1225] Kees Klein Goldewijk,et al. Biogeophysical effects of land use on climate : Model simulations of radiative forcing and large-scale temperature change , 2007 .
[1226] G. Collatz,et al. Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer , 1991 .
[1227] J. Hicke,et al. Global synthesis of leaf area index observations: implications for ecological and remote sensing studies , 2003 .
[1228] Raymond L. Lindeman. The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology , 1942 .
[1229] Ann Henderson-Sellers,et al. Forty years of numerical climate modelling , 2001 .
[1230] G. Niu,et al. Assessing a land surface model's improvements with GRACE estimates , 2006 .
[1231] C. Tucker,et al. Expansion and Contraction of the Sahara Desert from 1980 to 1990 , 1991, Science.
[1232] Christopher Small,et al. Global Population Distribution and Urban Land Use in Geophysical Parameter Space , 2004 .
[1233] Cyril Moulin,et al. Understanding the long‐term variability of African dust transport across the Atlantic as recorded in both Barbados surface concentrations and large‐scale Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) optical thickness , 2005 .
[1234] W. M. Post,et al. Soil carbon sequestration and land‐use change: processes and potential , 2000 .
[1235] Wolfgang Lucht,et al. Terrestrial biosphere carbon storage under alternative climate projections , 2006 .
[1236] C. Lorius,et al. Ice-core record of atmospheric methane over the past 160,000 years , 1990, Nature.
[1237] J. Townshend,et al. NDVI-derived land cover classifications at a global scale , 1994 .
[1238] J. R. Ashworth. The influence of smoke and hot gases from factory chimneys on rainfall , 2007 .
[1239] S. Sterling,et al. Human Appropriation of Photosynthesis Products , 2001, Science.
[1240] Darrel L. Williams,et al. BOREAS in 1997: Experiment overview, scientific results, and future directions , 1997 .
[1241] T. Oke. Advectively-assisted evapotranspiration from irrigated urban vegetation , 1979 .
[1242] B. Mcavaney,et al. The contribution of the land surface energy balance complexity to differences in means, variances and extremes using the AMIP-II methodology , 2005 .
[1243] Mariana Vertenstein,et al. Effects of land use change on North American climate: impact of surface datasets and model biogeophysics , 2004 .
[1244] Elfatih A. B. Eltahir,et al. Modeling the Biosphere–Atmosphere System: The Impact of the Subgrid Variability in Rainfall Interception , 2000 .
[1245] S. Harrison,et al. Simulated climate and biomes of Africa during the late quaternary: comparison with pollen and lake status data , 1998 .
[1246] J. Dufresne,et al. Positive feedback between future climate change and the carbon cycle , 2001 .
[1247] J. Harte,et al. Biophysical and Biogeochemical Responses to Climate Change Depend on Dispersal and Migration , 2006 .
[1248] D. C. Hill,et al. Estimation of natural and anthropogenic contributions to twentieth century temperature change , 2002 .
[1249] R. Balling,et al. Temporal analysis of long-term atmospheric moisture levels in Phoenix, Arizona. , 1986 .
[1250] S. Baum,et al. Effect of vegetation on an ice-age climate model simulation , 1997 .
[1251] G. J. Collatz,et al. Comparison of Radiative and Physiological Effects of Doubled Atmospheric CO2 on Climate , 1996, Science.
[1252] The Impact of Historical Land-Use Changes on the Near-Surface Atmospheric Conditions on the Swiss Plateau , 2004 .
[1253] P. Ciais,et al. Consistent Land- and Atmosphere-Based U.S. Carbon Sink Estimates , 2001, Science.
[1254] C. Raunkiær,et al. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography , 1934 .
[1255] D. Jolly,et al. Mid‐Holocene and glacial‐maximum vegetation geography of the northern continents and Africa , 2000 .
[1256] J. Randerson,et al. The Impact of Boreal Forest Fire on Climate Warming , 2006, Science.
[1257] V. Brovkin,et al. Stability Analysis of the Climate-Vegetation System in the Northern High Latitudes , 2003 .
[1258] W. Prell,et al. Late Cenozoic uplift in southern Asia and the American West: Rationale for general circulation modeling experiments , 1989 .
[1259] M. Ek,et al. Impact of soil water property parameterization on atmospheric boundary layer simulation , 1996 .
[1260] P. Rowntree,et al. Understanding the Sensitivity of a GCM Simulation of Amazonian Deforestation to the Specification of Vegetation and Soil Characteristics , 1997 .
[1261] C. Hewitt,et al. Impact of vegetation changes on the dynamics of the atmosphere at the Last Glacial Maximum , 2005 .
[1262] R. Stöckli,et al. European plant phenology and climate as seen in a 20-year AVHRR land-surface parameter dataset , 2004 .
[1263] A. Robock,et al. Circumglobal Transport of the El Chich�n Volcanic Dust Cloud , 1983, Science.
[1264] André Berger,et al. Milankovitch Theory and climate , 1988 .
[1265] P. Sousounis. Lake-Aggregate Mesoscale Disturbances. Part III: Description of a Mesoscale Aggregate Vortex , 1997 .
[1266] A. Martilli. Numerical Study of Urban Impact on Boundary Layer Structure: Sensitivity to Wind Speed, Urban Morphology, and Rural Soil Moisture , 2002 .
[1267] Gerald H. Haug,et al. Effect of the formation of the Isthmus of Panama on Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation , 1998, Nature.
[1268] M. Heimann,et al. The climate sensitivity of the Osnabrück Biosphere model on the ENSO time scale , 1994 .
[1269] W. M. Lonsdale,et al. The Self-Thinning Rule: Dead or Alive? , 1990 .
[1270] M. Caldwell,et al. Hydraulic lift: Substantial nocturnal water transport between soil layers by Artemisia tridentata roots , 1987, Oecologia.
[1271] T. Mote,et al. Interepochal Changes in Summer Precipitation in the Southeastern United States: Evidence of Possible Urban Effects near Atlanta, Georgia , 2005 .
[1272] M. B. Davis,et al. Quaternary history and the stability of forest communities , 1981 .
[1273] D. Lobell,et al. Potential bias of model projected greenhouse warming in irrigated regions , 2006 .
[1274] Michael G. Ryan,et al. AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE CAUSES OF FOREST GROWTH DECLINE WITH STAND AGE , 2004 .
[1275] R. DeConto,et al. Deep water formation and poleward ocean heat transport in the warm climate extreme of the Cretaceous (80 Ma) , 1998 .
[1276] Praveen Kumar,et al. A catchment-based land surface model for GCMS and the framework for its evaluation , 1999 .
[1277] C. Watkins,et al. Ecological History of European Forests , 1998 .
[1278] Madhav Gadgil,et al. The Concept of r- and K-Selection: Evidence from Wild Flowers and Some Theoretical Considerations , 1972, The American Naturalist.
[1279] C. Field,et al. A reanalysis using improved leaf models and a new canopy integration scheme , 1992 .
[1280] R. Pielke,et al. Influence of Albedo Variability in Complex Terrain on Mesoscale Systems , 1993 .
[1281] A. Slater,et al. The Alaskan Arctic Frontal Zone: Forcing by Orography, Coastal Contrast, and the Boreal Forest , 2001 .
[1282] W. Cooper. A Third Expedition to Glacier Bay, Alaska , 1931 .
[1283] N. Kiang,et al. Land Surface Model Development for the GISS GCM: Effects of Improved Canopy Physiology on Simulated Climate , 2005 .
[1284] T. Dunne,et al. Sediment yield and land use in tropical catchments , 1979 .
[1285] Soroosh Sorooshian,et al. Evaluating model performance and parameter behavior for varying levels of land surface model complexity , 2006 .
[1286] W. Schlesinger,et al. SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND TURNOVER IN A PINE FOREST AFTER SIX YEARS OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT , 2005 .
[1287] David Y. Hollinger,et al. Carbon dioxide exchange between an undisturbed old-growth temperate forest and the atmosphere , 1994 .
[1288] S. Leavitt,et al. Trends in Stomatal Density and 13C/12C Ratios of Pinus flexilis Needles During Last Glacial-Interglacial Cycle , 1994, Science.
[1289] R. Betts,et al. Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model , 2000, Nature.
[1290] R. Lark,et al. Carbon losses from all soils across England and Wales 1978–2003 , 2005, Nature.
[1291] R. Francey,et al. Interannual growth rate variations of atmospheric CO2 and its δ13C, H2, CH4, and CO between 1992 and 1999 linked to biomass burning , 2002 .
[1292] Mike Hulme,et al. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/joc.1083 COMMENT THE RECENT SAHEL DROUGHT IS REAL , 2004 .
[1293] C. Revenga,et al. Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River Systems , 2005, Science.
[1294] R. Anthes,et al. The Effect of Variations in Surface Moisture on Mesoscale Circulation , 1988 .
[1295] A. Pitman,et al. Analysis of the relationship between bare soil evaporation and soil moisture simulated by 13 land surface schemes for a simple non-vegetated site , 1996 .
[1296] G. Heisler. Energy Savings with Trees , 1986, Arboriculture & Urban Forestry.
[1297] I. R. Cowan,et al. Leaf Conductance in Relation to Rate of CO(2) Assimilation: II. Effects of Short-Term Exposures to Different Photon Flux Densities. , 1985, Plant physiology.
[1298] D. Tilman,et al. Convergence and divergence of old-field vegetation after 11 yr of nitrogen addition , 1995 .
[1299] Michael Garstang,et al. Saharan dust in the Amazon Basin , 1992 .
[1300] Patrick J. Bartlein,et al. Simulation of lake evaporation with application to modeling lake level variations of Harney‐Malheur Lake, Oregon , 1990 .
[1301] B. Ferguson. Introduction to Stormwater: Concept, Purpose, Design , 1998 .
[1302] A. S. Thom,et al. Momentum, mass and heat exchange of vegetation , 1972 .
[1303] Alan K. Betts,et al. Understanding Hydrometeorology Using Global Models , 2004 .
[1304] Baruch Givoni,et al. Man climate and architecture , 1969 .
[1305] J. Otterman,et al. Satellite Measurements of Surface Albedo and Temperatures in Semi-Desert , 1985 .
[1306] Aurélie Botta,et al. Possible role of atmosphere-biosphere interactions in triggering the last glaciation , 1996 .
[1307] H. Damon Matthews,et al. Radiative forcing of climate by historical land cover change , 2003 .
[1308] R. DeFries,et al. Global distribution of C3 and C4 vegetation: Carbon cycle implications , 2003 .
[1309] A. Pitman,et al. The regional scale impact of land cover change simulated with a climate model , 2002 .
[1310] Huiting Mao,et al. Sea breeze: Structure, forecasting, and impacts , 2003 .
[1311] N. Zeng,et al. The Role of Vegetation–Climate Interaction and Interannual Variability in Shaping the African Savanna , 2000 .
[1312] Randal D. Koster,et al. A comparative analysis of two land surface heterogeneity representations , 1992 .
[1313] Zhao Ren-jun,et al. The Xinanjiang model applied in China , 1992 .
[1314] Michael E. Mann,et al. Climate over past millennia , 2004 .
[1315] Ian Simmonds,et al. Weekly cycle of meteorological variations in Melbourne and the role of pollution and anthropogenic heat release , 1997 .
[1316] Jolly,et al. Effect of Low Glacial Atmospheric CO2 on Tropical African Montane Vegetation , 1997, Science.
[1317] Roni Avissar,et al. Representation of heterogeneity effects in Earth system modeling: Experience from land surface modeling , 1997 .
[1318] Andrei P. Sokolov,et al. Climate Dynamics (2006) DOI 10.1007/s00382-005-0092-6 , 2005 .
[1319] P. Jones,et al. Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850 , 2006 .
[1320] Eric S. Kasischke,et al. Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest , 2000, Ecological Studies.
[1321] Lawrence K. Forcier. Reproductive Strategies and the Co-occurrence of Climax Tree Species , 1975, Science.
[1322] C. Genthon,et al. Role of soil freezing in future boreal climate change , 2004 .
[1323] D. Pollard,et al. CO2, climate, and vegetation feedbacks at the Last Glacial Maximum , 1999 .
[1324] David Pollard,et al. Potential high‐latitude vegetation feedbacks on CO2‐induced climate change , 1999 .
[1325] Veronika Gayler,et al. The greening of the Sahara during the mid-Holocene: results of an interactive atmosphere-biome model , 1997 .
[1326] L. Mahrt. Mixed Layer Moisture structure , 1976 .
[1327] Claudia C. Johnson,et al. Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-Climate System , 1999 .
[1328] E. Cook,et al. Drought Reconstructions for the Continental United States , 1999 .
[1329] K. E. Moore,et al. Climatic Consequences of Leaf Presence in the Eastern United States , 2001 .
[1330] J. Wallace,et al. Regional Climate Impacts of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode , 2001, Science.
[1331] C. Tucker,et al. Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991 , 1997, Nature.
[1332] A. Henderson‐sellers,et al. A global archive of land cover and soils data for use in general circulation climate models , 1985 .
[1333] C. Körner,et al. Leaf Diffusive Conductances in the Major Vegetation Types of the Globe , 1995 .
[1334] W. Swank,et al. Streamflow Greatly Reduced by Converting Deciduous Hardwood Stands to Pine , 1974, Science.
[1335] Susan Solomon,et al. Observations of a “weekend effect” in diurnal temperature range , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[1336] P. Friedlingstein,et al. Carbon-biosphere-climate interactions in the last glacial maximum climate , 1995 .
[1337] D. Botkin. Forest Dynamics: An Ecological Model , 1993 .
[1338] Fei Chen,et al. Impact of Land-Surface Moisture Variability on Local Shallow Convective Cumulus and Precipitation in Large-Scale Models , 1994 .
[1339] Paul A. Dirmeyer,et al. The effect on regional and global climate of expansion of the world's deserts , 1996 .
[1340] W. Peltier,et al. Ice Age Paleotopography , 1994, Science.
[1341] John Ormsbee Simonds. Landscape Architecture: A Manual of Site Planning and Design , 1983 .
[1342] T. Meyers,et al. THE EFFECTS OF EXTREME TURBULENT EVENTS ON THE ESTIMATION OF AERODYNAMIC VARIABLES IN A DECIDUOUS FOREST CANOPY , 1989 .
[1343] R. Balling. The impact of summer rainfall on the temperature gradient along the United States-Mexico border , 1989 .
[1344] D. Legates,et al. Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge‐corrected, global precipitation , 1990 .
[1345] R. Saravanan,et al. Oceanic Forcing of Sahel Rainfall on Interannual to Interdecadal Time Scales , 2003, Science.
[1346] T. Kira,et al. Intraspecific competition among higher plants I: Competition-yield-density interrelationship in regularly dispersed populations , 1953 .
[1347] T. Vesala,et al. Advantages of diffuse radiation for terrestrial ecosystem productivity , 2002 .
[1348] R. Smith,et al. Ecology and Field Biology , 1966 .
[1349] J. William Munger,et al. Measurements of carbon sequestration by long‐term eddy covariance: methods and a critical evaluation of accuracy , 1996 .
[1350] Robert A. Berner,et al. Modeling the geochemical carbon cycle , 1989 .
[1351] Richard Essery,et al. Explicit representation of subgrid heterogeneity in a GCM land surface scheme , 2003 .
[1352] D. Gutzler,et al. Evidence for a relationship between spring snow cover in North America and summer rainfall in New Mexico , 1997 .
[1353] Bas Eickhout,et al. Climate simulation of the twenty-first century with interactive land-use changes , 2007 .
[1354] H. Treut,et al. The albedo of temperate and boreal forest and the Northern Hemisphere climate: a sensitivity experiment using the LMD GCM , 1994 .
[1355] P. Jones,et al. Hemispheric Surface Air Temperature Variations: A Reanalysis and an Update to 1993. , 1994 .
[1356] A. Ducharne,et al. Influence of the Realistic Description of Soil Water-Holding Capacity on the Global Water Cycle in a GCM , 2000 .
[1357] D. Pollard,et al. Large-Scale Vegetation Feedbacks on a Doubled CO2 Climate , 2000 .
[1358] K. Prentice. Bioclimatic distribution of vegetation for general circulation model studies , 1990 .
[1359] R. B. Jackson,et al. BELOWGROUND CONSEQUENCES OF VEGETATION CHANGE AND THEIR TREATMENT IN MODELS , 2000 .
[1360] R. Houghton,et al. Aboveground Forest Biomass and the Global Carbon Balance , 2005 .
[1361] Victor Brovkin,et al. Modelling climate response to historical land cover change , 1999 .
[1362] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. The microclimates of a suburban Colorado (USA) landscape and implications for planning and design , 2000 .
[1363] A. O. Nicholls,et al. Measurement of the realized qualitative niche: environmental niches of five Eucalyptus species , 1990 .
[1364] A. Strahler,et al. Climate controls on vegetation phenological patterns in northern mid‐ and high latitudes inferred from MODIS data , 2004 .
[1365] 和夫 穂積,et al. Intraspecific competition among higher plants. IV. : A preliminary account on the interaction between adjacent individuals , 1957 .
[1366] C. Nevison,et al. Self-sustained temperature oscillations on Daisyworld , 1999 .
[1367] I. Prentice,et al. Biome reconstruction from pollen and plant macrofossil data for Africa and the Arabian peninsula at 0 and 6000 years , 1998 .
[1368] Robert S. Thompson,et al. Paleoclimate simulations for North America over the past 21,000 years: features of the simulated climate and comparisons with paleoenvironmental data , 1998 .
[1369] Gerald Mills,et al. Simulation of the energy budget of an urban canyon. II: Comparison of model results with measurements , 1993 .
[1370] R. Balling,et al. Recent changes in smoke/haze events in Phoenix, Arizona , 1988 .
[1371] H. Douville,et al. Influence of Soil Moisture on the Asian and African Monsoons. Part II: Interannual Variability. , 2002 .
[1372] R. Leonard,et al. Albedo of Intercepted Snow , 1968 .
[1373] Jerry M. Melillo,et al. Nitrogen immobilization in decaying hardwood leaf litter as a function of initial nitrogen and lignin content , 1982 .
[1374] H. Mooney,et al. Constraints on Leaf Structure and Function in Reference to Herbivory , 1982 .
[1375] Ge Yu,et al. The climate of Europe 6000 years ago , 1996 .
[1376] J. Polcher,et al. A statistical study of the regional impact of deforestation on climate in the LMD GCM , 1994 .
[1377] Robert C. Balling,et al. Impacts of Land Degradation on Historical Temperature Records from the Sonoran Desert , 1998 .
[1378] P. L. Vidale,et al. Prognostic canopy air space solutions for land surface exchanges , 2005 .
[1379] T. Oke,et al. The thermal regime of urban parks in two cities with different summer climates , 1998 .
[1380] K. Vogt,et al. Production, Turnover, and Nutrient Dynamics of Above- and Belowground Detritus of World Forests , 1986 .
[1381] H. Gleason,et al. The individualistic concept of the plant association , 1939 .
[1382] D. Parker,et al. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/joc.1190 UNCERTAINTIES IN CENTRAL ENGLAND TEMPERATURE 1878–2003 AND SOME IMPROVEMENTS TO THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SERIES , 2005 .
[1383] P. Reich,et al. From tropics to tundra: global convergence in plant functioning. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[1384] Gene E. Likens,et al. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: Forest Biomass and Production , 1974 .
[1385] T Vesala,et al. Tree stem diameter variations and transpiration in Scots pine: an analysis using a dynamic sap flow model. , 2001, Tree physiology.
[1386] S. Pacala,et al. Projecting the future of the U.S. carbon sink , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[1387] Michael Lautenschlager,et al. Modelling Global Vegetation Patterns and Terrestrial Carbon Storage at the Last Glacial Maximum , 1993 .
[1388] J. Lovelock. Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth , 1979 .
[1389] Andrew P. Dobson,et al. Hopes for the Future: Restoration Ecology and Conservation Biology , 1997 .
[1390] Michael Hough,et al. Cities and natural process , 1994 .
[1391] Hyun-Suk Kang,et al. Impact Assessment of Satellite-Derived Leaf Area Index Datasets Using a General Circulation Model , 2007 .
[1392] J. Scurlock,et al. Terrestrial net primary productivity A brief history and a new worldwide database , 2002 .
[1393] Gerhard Krinner,et al. Impact of lakes and wetlands on boreal climate , 2003 .
[1394] Zong-Liang Yang,et al. The Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS): Phases 2 and 3 , 1993 .
[1395] G. Hornberger,et al. Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic properties , 1978 .
[1396] D. Barrett,et al. The Carbon Cycle: The CO2 Fertilizing Effect: Relevance to the Global Carbon Cycle , 2000 .
[1397] R. DeFries,et al. Effects of Land Cover Conversion on Surface Climate , 2002 .
[1398] P. Dirmeyer,et al. Modeling the effects of vegetation on Mediterranean climate during the Roman Classical Period , 2000 .
[1399] Modeling the Effects of Street Trees on the Performance of Solar and Conventional Houses in Sacramento, California , 1983, Landscape Journal.
[1400] R. Pielke,et al. Evaluation of vegetation effects on the generation and modification of mesoscale circulations , 1988 .
[1401] Steven W. Hostetler,et al. Interactive coupling of a lake thermal model with a regional climate model , 1993 .
[1402] D. Parker,et al. A new daily central England temperature series, 1772–1991 , 1992 .
[1403] I. Tegen,et al. Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission , 2004 .
[1404] E. Rastetter,et al. Potential Net Primary Productivity in South America: Application of a Global Model. , 1991, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.
[1405] C. Tucker,et al. Variations in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981 to 1999 , 2001 .
[1406] R. Alley,et al. THE DEGLACIATION OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE: A Global Perspective , 1999 .
[1407] Kevin P. Gallo,et al. Satellite-Based Adjustments for the Urban Heat Island Temperature Bias , 1999 .
[1408] P. Cox,et al. An observation‐based estimate of the strength of rainfall‐vegetation interactions in the Sahel , 2006 .
[1409] D. Marks,et al. The dynamics of rainfall interception by a seasonal temperate rainforest , 2004 .
[1410] F. Bormann,et al. Redesigning the American Lawn: A Search for Environmental Harmony , 1993 .
[1411] P. Marks,et al. Two hundred years of forest cover changes in Tompkins County, New York' , 1993 .
[1412] Norman L. Christensen,et al. Population Dynamics in Loblolly Pine Stands: Changes in Skewness and Size Inequality , 1989 .
[1413] J. Dufresne,et al. On the magnitude of positive feedback between future climate change and the carbon cycle , 2002 .
[1414] Ruth S. DeFries,et al. Global continuous fields of vegetation characteristics: A linear mixture model applied to multi-year 8 km AVHRR data , 2000 .
[1415] C. Nilsson,et al. Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of River Systems in the Northern Third of the World , 1994, Science.
[1416] K. Trenberth,et al. Physical Processes Involved in the 1988 Drought and 1993 Floods in North America , 1996 .
[1417] S. Running,et al. FOREST-BGC, A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. II. Dynamic carbon allocation and nitrogen budgets. , 1991, Tree physiology.
[1418] Leslie A. Viereck,et al. Forest ecosystems in the Alaskan taiga. A synthesis of structure and function. , 1986 .
[1419] N. Ramankutty,et al. Estimating historical changes in global land cover: Croplands from 1700 to 1992 , 1999 .
[1420] Makiko Sato,et al. Greenhouse gas growth rates. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[1421] R. Avissar,et al. The local and global effects of African deforestation , 2005 .
[1422] S. Doney,et al. Iron supply and demand in the upper ocean , 2000 .
[1423] W. Eugster,et al. Climatic impacts of historical wetland drainage in Switzerland , 2007 .
[1424] D. Entekhabi,et al. Modeled Northern Hemisphere Winter Climate Response to Realistic Siberian Snow Anomalies , 2003 .
[1425] H. Gleason. Further Views on the Succession‐Concept , 1927 .
[1426] N. Mahowald,et al. Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon dioxide climates , 2006 .
[1427] K. K. Goldewijk. Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years: The HYDE Database , 2001 .
[1428] A. Pitman,et al. Assessing climate model sensitivity to prescribed deforested landscapes , 1993 .
[1429] Victor Brovkin,et al. Simulating the Holocene climate evolution at northern high latitudes using a coupled atmosphere-sea ice-ocean-vegetation model , 2005 .
[1430] J. William Munger,et al. Exchange of Carbon Dioxide by a Deciduous Forest: Response to Interannual Climate Variability , 1996, Science.
[1431] T. Oke. The energetic basis of the urban heat island , 1982 .
[1432] Gerald Mills,et al. An analysis of the circulation characteristics and energy budget of a dry, asymmetric, east-west urban canyon. I: Circulation characteristics , 1994 .
[1433] Thomas R. Karl,et al. Some Spatial Characteristics of Drought Duration in the United States , 1983 .
[1434] C. Prigent,et al. Mineral dust aerosols in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences ModelE atmospheric general circulation model , 2006 .
[1435] Mark E. Harmon,et al. Global-Scale Similarities in Nitrogen Release Patterns During Long-Term Decomposition , 2007, Science.
[1436] Chin-Hoh Moeng,et al. The Influence of Idealized Heterogeneity on Wet and Dry Planetary Boundary Layers Coupled to the Land Surface. , 2005 .
[1437] Philippe Ciais,et al. Weak Northern and Strong Tropical Land Carbon Uptake from Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric CO2 , 2007, Science.
[1438] R. Alley. Ice-core evidence of abrupt climate changes. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[1439] Ken Caldeira,et al. Climate effects of global land cover change , 2005 .
[1440] K. Trenberth,et al. Effects of Clouds, Soil Moisture, Precipitation, and Water Vapor on Diurnal Temperature Range , 1999 .
[1441] R. Koster,et al. Simulation of high-latitude hydrological processes in the Torne-Kalix basin: PILPS Phase 2(e) 3: Equivalent model representation and sensitivity experiments , 2003 .
[1442] E. Todini,et al. A rainfall–runoff scheme for use in the Hamburg climate model , 1992 .
[1443] Zong-Liang Yang,et al. Simulations of a boreal grassland hydrology at Valdai, Russia: PILPS phase 2(d). , 2000 .
[1444] S. Running,et al. Simulated impacts of historical land cover changes on global climate in northern winter , 2000 .
[1445] J. Townshend,et al. Global land cover classifications at 8 km spatial resolution: The use of training data derived from Landsat imagery in decision tree classifiers , 1998 .
[1446] J. Prospero,et al. Dust Concentration in the Atmosphere of the Equatorial North Atlantic: Possible Relationship to the Sahelian Drought , 1977, Science.
[1447] Valéry Masson,et al. Modeling the Surface Energy Balance of the Core of an Old Mediterranean City: Marseille , 2004 .
[1448] A. S. Bamzai,et al. Relation between Eurasian Snow Cover, Snow Depth, and the Indian Summer Monsoon: An Observational Study , 1999 .
[1449] V. Brovkin,et al. On the stability of the high-latitude climate-vegetation system in a coupled atmosphere-biosphere model , 1999 .
[1450] C. Shields,et al. Late Cretaceous ocean: Coupled simulations with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate System Model , 2002 .
[1451] W. Parton,et al. Dynamics of C, N, P and S in grassland soils: a model , 1988 .
[1452] Eric E. Small,et al. Simulated influences of Lake Agassiz on the climate of central North America 11,000 years ago , 2000, Nature.
[1453] N. Noblet,et al. Quantifying the role of biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks in climate change: coupled model simulations for 6000 years BP and comparison with palaeodata for northern Eurasia and northern Africa , 1997 .
[1454] Atmospheric changes in a growing community (the Columbia, Maryland experience) , 1979 .
[1455] N. Diffenbaugh,et al. Global climate sensitivity to land surface change: The Mid Holocene revisited , 2002 .
[1456] Michael T. Coe,et al. Modeling terrestrial hydrological systems at the continental scale : Testing the accuracy of an atmospheric GCM , 2000 .
[1457] Piers J. Sellers,et al. A Global Climatology of Albedo, Roughness Length and Stomatal Resistance for Atmospheric General Circulation Models as Represented by the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB) , 1989 .
[1458] R. Desjardins,et al. Sink Potential of Canadian Agricultural Soils , 2004 .
[1459] J. Prospero. Saharan Dust Transport Over the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean: An Overview , 1996 .
[1460] G. Ramstein,et al. Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum African monsoon changes as simulated within the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project , 2000 .
[1461] Nils Chr. Stenseth,et al. Sub‐saharan desertification and productivity are linked to hemispheric climate variability , 2001 .
[1462] J. Olson,et al. Rates of Succession and Soil Changes on Southern Lake Michigan Sand Dunes , 1958, Botanical Gazette.
[1463] I. Simmonds,et al. Modelled atmospheric response to changes in Northern Hemisphere snow cover , 1996 .
[1464] A. Pitman. A simple parameterization of sub-grid scale open water for climate models , 1991 .
[1465] S. Page,et al. The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997 , 2002, Nature.
[1466] A. Hogan,et al. Observations in Nonurban Heat Islands , 1998 .
[1467] J. D. Helvey,et al. Canopy and litter interception of rainfall by hardwoods of eastern United States , 1965 .
[1468] Frank E. Egler,et al. Vegetation science concepts I. Initial floristic composition, a factor in old-field vegetation development with 2 figs. , 1954, Vegetatio.
[1469] M. Claussen,et al. Mid-Holocene greening of the Sahara: first results of the GAIM 6000 year BP Experiment with two asynchronously coupled atmosphere/biome models , 2000 .
[1470] A. Barnosky,et al. Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents , 2004, Science.
[1471] R. Dickinson,et al. The Representation of Snow in Land Surface Schemes: Results from PILPS 2(d) , 2001 .
[1472] Leslie A. Viereck,et al. Taiga Ecosystems in Interior Alaska , 1983 .
[1473] C. D. Keeling,et al. Increased activity of northern vegetation inferred from atmospheric CO2 measurements , 1996, Nature.
[1474] A. Denning,et al. River breeze circulation in eastern Amazonia: observations and modelling results , 2004 .
[1475] W. Emery,et al. Satellite-derived urban heat islands from three coastal cities and the utilization of such data in urban climatology , 1989 .
[1476] D. Randall,et al. Latitudinal gradient of atmospheric CO2 due to seasonal exchange with land biota , 1995, Nature.
[1477] G. K. Walker,et al. Global Fields of Soil Moisture and Land Surface Evapotranspiration Derived from Observed Precipitation and Surface Air Temperature. , 1993 .
[1478] E. Odum. Fundamentals of ecology , 1972 .
[1479] J. Liski,et al. Climatic effects on litter decomposition from arctic tundra to tropical rainforest , 2003 .
[1480] G. Likens,et al. Nitrogen Budget for an Aggrading Northern Hardwood Forest Ecosystem , 1977, Science.
[1481] M. Hermy,et al. Historical ecology of woodlands in Flanders , 1998 .
[1482] S. Warren,et al. Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate , 1987, Nature.
[1483] J. Monteith. Evaporation and surface temperature , 2007 .
[1484] Yaping Shao,et al. On the Choice of Soil Hydraulic Models in Land-Surface Schemes , 1999 .
[1485] K. Fraedrich,et al. A Green Planet versus a Desert World: Estimating the Effect of Vegetation Extremes on the Atmosphere , 1999 .
[1486] S. Pacala,et al. Impact of historical land cover change on the July climate of the United States , 2003 .
[1487] I. C. Prentice,et al. Growth enhancement due to global atmospheric change as predicted by terrestrial ecosystem models: consistent with US forest inventory data , 2002 .
[1488] Dara Entekhabi,et al. The Implementation and Validation of Improved Land-Surface Hydrology in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model , 1993 .
[1489] John Pastor,et al. Aboveground Production and N and P Cycling Along a Nitrogen Mineralization Gradient on Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin , 1984 .
[1490] R. E. Turner,et al. Changes in Mississippi River Water Quality this CenturyImplications for coastal food webs , 1991 .
[1491] Sharon E. Nicholson,et al. Land surface processes and Sahel climate , 2000 .
[1492] C. Keever. A Retrospective View of Old-field Succession after 35 Years , 1983 .
[1493] Ramakrishna R. Nemani,et al. Implementation of a hierarchical global vegetation classification in ecosystem function models , 1996 .
[1494] E. Odum. The strategy of ecosystem development. , 1969, Science.
[1495] Matthew Rodell,et al. Total basin discharge for the Amazon and Mississippi River basins from GRACE and a land‐atmosphere water balance , 2005 .
[1496] K. Wilson,et al. OAK FOREST CARBON AND WATER SIMULATIONS: MODEL INTERCOMPARISONS AND EVALUATIONS AGAINST INDEPENDENT DATA , 2004 .
[1497] J. Cohen,et al. The potential role of snow cover in forcing interannual variability of the major Northern Hemisphere mode , 2003 .
[1498] F. Bormann,et al. Natural disturbance and the steady state in high-altitude balsam fir forests. , 1981, Science.
[1499] R. Macarthur,et al. The Theory of Island Biogeography , 1969 .
[1500] J. Royer,et al. Effects of “realistic” land-cover change on a greenhouse-warmed African climate , 2004 .
[1501] J. Aber,et al. Litter decomposition: measuring relative contributions of organic matter and nitrogen to forest soils. , 1980 .
[1502] P. Marks,et al. THE ROLE OF PIN CHERRY (PRUNUS PENSYLVANICA L.) IN THE MAINTENANCE OF STABILITY IN NORTHERN , 1974 .
[1503] K. Trenberth,et al. Earth's annual global mean energy budget , 1997 .
[1504] Elfatih A. B. Eltahir,et al. A Soil Moisture–Rainfall Feedback Mechanism: 1. Theory and observations , 1998 .
[1505] Gerd Schädler,et al. Comparison of Soil Hydraulic Parameterizations for Mesoscale Meteorological Models , 2005 .
[1506] S W Pacala,et al. Contributions of land-use history to carbon accumulation in U.S. forests. , 2000, Science.
[1507] J. Overpeck,et al. Nonglacial rapid climate events: past and future. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[1508] W. Broecker,et al. Thermohaline circulation, the achilles heel of our climate system: will man-made CO2 upset the current balance? , 1997, Science.
[1509] F. Stuart Chapin,et al. Mechanisms of Primary Succession Following Deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska , 1994 .
[1510] G. Goldstein,et al. Converging patterns of uptake and hydraulic redistribution of soil water in contrasting woody vegetation types. , 2004, Tree physiology.
[1511] A. Arnfield,et al. A SIMPLE MODEL OF URBAN CANYON ENERGY BUDGET AND ITS VALIDATION , 2000 .
[1512] I. Colin Prentice,et al. Vegetation responses to past climatic variation , 1986, Vegetatio.
[1513] D. Lawrence,et al. GLACE: The Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. Part I: Overview , 2006 .
[1514] X. Zeng,et al. Impact of observed vegetation root distribution on seasonal global simulations of land surface processes , 2004 .
[1515] H. Shugart. Terrestrial Ecosystems in Changing Environments , 1998 .
[1516] R. DeFries,et al. Derivation and Evaluation of Global 1-km Fractional Vegetation Cover Data for Land Modeling , 2000 .
[1517] D. Beerling,et al. Stomatal responses of the ‘living fossil’ Ginkgo biloba L. to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations , 1998 .
[1518] Roger A. Pielke,et al. Evidence that local land use practices influence regional climate, vegetation, and stream flow patterns in adjacent natural areas , 1998 .
[1519] D. Mocko,et al. Simulation of high-latitude hydrological processes in the Torne-Kalix basin: PILPS phase 2(e) - 1: Experiment description and summary intercomparisons , 2003 .
[1520] Guiling Wang,et al. Ecosystem dynamics and the Sahel Drought , 2000 .
[1521] G. Thomas,et al. The Boreal Forests and Climate , 1992 .
[1522] A. Manning,et al. Global oceanic and land biotic carbon sinks from the Scripps atmospheric oxygen flask sampling network , 2006 .
[1523] Moti Segal,et al. On the Potential Impact of Irrigated Areas in North America on Summer Rainfall Caused by Large-Scale Systems , 1998 .
[1524] W. Cooper. The Recent Ecological History of Glacier Bay, Alaska: Permanent Quadrats at Glacier Bay: An Initial Report upon a Long‐Period Study , 1923 .
[1525] Dilcher,et al. Century-scale shifts in early holocene atmospheric CO2 concentration , 1999, Science.
[1526] J. Pereira,et al. Vegetation burning in the year 2000: Global burned area estimates from SPOT VEGETATION data , 2004 .
[1527] Christopher B. Field,et al. photosynthesis--nitrogen relationship in wild plants , 1986 .
[1528] P. S. Eagleson,et al. Land Surface Hydrology Parameterization for Atmospheric General Circulation models Including Subgrid Scale Spatial Variability , 1989 .
[1529] Sandy P. Harrison,et al. Dust sources and deposition during the last glacial maximum and current climate: A comparison of model results with paleodata from ice cores and marine sediments , 1999 .
[1530] J. R. Simpson,et al. Effects of Three Landscape Treatments on Residential Energy and Water Use in Tucson, Arizona* , 1989 .
[1531] Thomas M. Smith,et al. Modeling the Potential Response of Vegetation to Global Climate Change , 1992 .
[1532] Haug,et al. A short circuit in thermohaline circulation: A cause for northern hemisphere glaciation? , 1998, Science.
[1533] J. R. Wallis,et al. Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth , 1972 .
[1534] David Tilman,et al. Secondary Succession and the Pattern of Plant Dominance Along Experimental Nitrogen Gradients , 1987 .
[1535] H. Mooney,et al. Resource Limitation in Plants-An Economic Analogy , 1985 .
[1536] Robert G. Quayle,et al. The 1980 Summer Heat Wave and Drought in Historical Perspective , 1981 .
[1537] Global climate models and ‘dynamic’ vegetation changes , 1995 .
[1538] Gregg Marland,et al. A 1° × 1° distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture, 1950–1990 , 1996 .
[1539] H. L. Miller,et al. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis , 2007 .
[1540] E. Rastetter,et al. PREDICTING GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS , 1997 .
[1541] F. Giorgi,et al. Three‐dimensional model study of organized mesoscale circulations induced by vegetation , 1996 .
[1542] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. Land-atmosphere CO2 exchange simulated by a land surface process model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model , 1995 .
[1543] A. Bondeau,et al. Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): overview and key results , 1999 .
[1544] Guiling Wang,et al. Role of the biosphere in the mid‐Holocene climate of West Africa , 2003 .
[1545] Inez Y. Fung,et al. Boreal forests and atmosphere–biosphere exchange of carbon dioxide , 1987, Nature.
[1546] C. Rosenzweig,et al. Effects of anthropogenic intervention in the land hydrologic cycle on global sea level rise , 1997 .
[1547] Scott C. Doney,et al. Natural Variability in a Stable, 1000-Yr Global Coupled Climate–Carbon Cycle Simulation , 2006 .
[1548] Y. Sud,et al. A GCM Simulation Study of the Influence of Saharan Evapotranspiration and Surface-Albedo Anomalies on July Circulation and Rainfall , 1988 .
[1549] W. Parton,et al. Long‐term dynamics of pine and hardwood litter in contrasting environments: toward a global model of decomposition , 2000 .
[1550] T. Oke. Street design and urban canopy layer climate , 1988 .
[1551] A. Huete,et al. Amazon rainforests green‐up with sunlight in dry season , 2006 .
[1552] J. Kutzbach,et al. Land surface feedbacks and palaeomonsoons in northern Africa , 1998 .
[1553] T. Oke,et al. Relative Efficiencies of Turbulent Transfer of Heat, Mass, and Momentum over a Patchy Urban Surface , 1995 .
[1554] James White,et al. The allometric interpretation of the self-thinning rule , 1981 .
[1555] Yude Pan,et al. The importance of climate and soils for estimates of net primary production: a sensitivity analysis with the terrestrial ecosystem model , 1996 .
[1556] A. Lacis,et al. The influence on climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils , 1996, Nature.
[1557] H. Lamb,et al. Climate, history, and the modern world , 1983 .
[1558] Gerald Mills,et al. An analysis of the circulation characteristics and energy budget of a dry, asymmetric, east‐west urban canyon. II. Energy budget , 1994 .
[1559] Michael Williams,et al. Dark ages and dark areas: global deforestation in the deep past , 2000 .
[1560] F. Giorgi,et al. Effects of a 2 × CO2 climate on two large lake systems: Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming , 1995 .
[1561] Ning Zeng,et al. Sensitivity of Tropical Land Climate to Leaf Area Index: Role of Surface Conductance versus Albedo* , 2004 .
[1562] Andrew J. Challinor,et al. Influence of vegetation on the local climate and hydrology in the tropics: sensitivity to soil parameters , 2004 .
[1563] F. Meinzer,et al. Hydraulic redistribution of soil water during summer drought in two contrasting Pacific Northwest coniferous forests. , 2002, Tree physiology.
[1564] Chang‐Hoi Ho,et al. Weekend effect in diurnal temperature range in China: Opposite signals between winter and summer , 2006 .
[1565] Jean-Francois Lamarque,et al. NITROGEN DEPOSITION ONTO THE UNITED STATES AND WESTERN EUROPE: SYNTHESIS OF OBSERVATIONS AND MODELS , 2005 .
[1566] Ian G. Enting,et al. Reconstructing the recent carbon cycle from atmospheric CO2, δ13C and O2/N2 observations* , 1999 .
[1567] E. Small. The influence of soil moisture anomalies on variability of the North American Monsoon System , 2001 .
[1568] J. Tota,et al. The convective boundary layer over pasture and forest in Amazonia , 2004 .
[1569] R. Betts,et al. A simulation of the effect of climate change–induced desertification on mineral dust aerosol , 2005 .
[1570] Sharon E. Nicholson,et al. The nature of rainfall variability over Africa on time scales of decades to millenia , 2000 .
[1571] H. Saaroni,et al. The impact of a small lake on heat stress in a Mediterranean urban park: the case of Tel Aviv, Israel , 2003, International journal of biometeorology.
[1572] Willem Bouten,et al. Forest floor evaporation in a dense Douglas fir stand , 1997 .
[1573] C. Tucker,et al. Desertification, Drought, and Surface Vegetation: An Example from the West African Sahel , 1998 .
[1574] Inez Y. Fung,et al. Can climate variability contribute to the “missing” CO2 sink? , 1993 .
[1575] Kyaw Tha Pawu,et al. The UCD Advanced Canopy‐Atmosphere‐Soil Algorithm: Comparisons with observations from different climate and vegetation regimes , 2000 .
[1576] Richard H. Waring,et al. Estimating Forest Growth and Efficiency in Relation to Canopy Leaf Area , 1983 .
[1577] Sietse O. Los,et al. Impact of leaf area index seasonality on the annual land surface evaporation in a global circulation model , 2003 .
[1578] M. Cane,et al. Closing of the Indonesian seaway as a precursor to east African aridification around 3–4 million years ago , 2001, Nature.
[1579] D. Entekhabi,et al. Relative impacts of Siberian and North American snow anomalies on the winter Arctic Oscillation , 2003 .
[1580] Kevin E. Trenberth,et al. Issues in Establishing Causes of the 1988 Drought over North America. , 1992 .
[1581] Eric J. Barron,et al. Impacts of agriculture and urbanization on the climate of the Northeastern United States , 2005 .
[1582] V. Brovkin,et al. Modelling global terrestrial vegetation–climate interaction , 1998 .
[1583] A. Magurran,et al. Biological diversity : the coexistence of species on changing landscapes , 1994 .
[1584] D. C. West,et al. Testing a Simulation Model for Reconstruction of Prehistoric Forest-Stand Dynamics , 1980, Quaternary Research.
[1585] G. Woodwell,et al. Changes in the Carbon Content of Terrestrial Biota and Soils between 1860 and 1980: A Net Release of CO"2 to the Atmosphere , 1983 .
[1586] W. Broecker,et al. Does the ocean–atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation? , 1985, Nature.
[1587] Petoukhov,et al. The influence of vegetation-atmosphere-ocean interaction on climate during the mid-holocene , 1998, Science.
[1588] M. L. Cadenasso,et al. Characterization of Households and its Implications for the Vegetation of Urban Ecosystems , 2006, Ecosystems.
[1589] R. Berner. The carbon cycle and carbon dioxide over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants , 1998 .
[1590] H. Shugart. Dynamic Ecosystem Consequences of Tree Birth and Death Patterns , 1987 .
[1591] Ian Simmonds,et al. The influence of pre‐existing soil moisture content on Australian winter climate , 1992 .
[1592] D. Starr,et al. An increase of early rains in Southern Israel following land-use change? , 1990 .
[1593] Alan H. Strahler,et al. Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results , 2002 .
[1594] A. Ducharne,et al. Sensitivity of the hydrological cycle to the parametrization of soil hydrology in a GCM , 1998 .
[1595] Luiz Carlos Pereira,et al. Comparison of the mass and energy exchange of a pasture and a mature transitional tropical forest of the southern Amazon Basin during a seasonal transition , 2004 .
[1596] N. Mahowald,et al. A less dusty future? , 2003 .
[1597] T. Peterson,et al. Urban Heat Island Assessment: Metadata Are Important , 2005 .
[1598] Dara Entekhabi,et al. Eurasian snow cover variability and northern hemisphere climate predictability , 1999 .
[1599] G. Collatz,et al. Coupled Photosynthesis-Stomatal Conductance Model for Leaves of C4 Plants , 1992 .
[1600] M. Caldwell,et al. Hydraulic lift: consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants , 1998, Oecologia.
[1601] Richard H. Waring,et al. Forest Ecosystems: Concepts and Management , 1985 .
[1602] K. Caldeira,et al. Increase of carbon cycle feedback with climate sensitivity: results from a coupled climate and carbon cycle model , 2005 .
[1603] F. Achard,et al. Determination of Deforestation Rates of the World's Humid Tropical Forests , 2002, Science.
[1604] G. Manley. Central England temperatures: Monthly means 1659 to 1973 , 1974 .
[1605] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. Effects of Land Use on the Climate of the United States , 1997 .
[1606] George W. Koch,et al. The limits to tree height , 2004, Nature.
[1607] James T. Teller,et al. Freshwater outbursts to the oceans from glacial Lake Agassiz and their role in climate change during the last deglaciation , 2002 .
[1608] S. Swenson,et al. A comparison of terrestrial water storage variations from GRACE with in situ measurements from Illinois , 2006 .
[1609] M. Claussen,et al. Simulation of the global bio-geophysical interactions during the Last Glacial Maximum , 1998 .
[1610] J. White,et al. CORRELATED CHANGES IN PLANT SIZE AND NUMBER IN PLANT POPULATIONS , 1970 .
[1611] Scott J. Goetz,et al. Mapping net primary production and related biophysical variables with remote sensing: Application to the BOREAS region , 1999 .
[1612] C. Field,et al. Fire history and the global carbon budget: a 1°× 1° fire history reconstruction for the 20th century , 2005 .
[1613] David A. Robinson,et al. Maximum Surface Albedo of Seasonally Snow-Covered Lands in the Northern Hemisphere. , 1985 .
[1614] M. Westoby,et al. ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES : Some Leading Dimensions of Variation Between Species , 2002 .
[1615] A. Pitman,et al. The relative impact of observed change in land cover and carbon dioxide as simulated by a climate model , 2000 .
[1616] D. Sahagian. Global physical effects of anthropogenic hydrological alterations: sea level and water redistribution , 2000 .
[1617] Monique Y. Leclerc,et al. “Wet/dry Daisyworld”: a conceptual tool for quantifying the spatial scaling of heterogeneous landscapes and its impact on the subgrid variability of energy fluxes , 2005 .
[1618] G. Katul,et al. Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere , 2001, Nature.
[1619] Roger A. Pielke,et al. The regional effects of CO2 and landscape change using a coupled plant and meteorological model , 2001 .
[1620] P. Valdes,et al. Modeling the dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage since the Last Glacial Maximum , 2002 .
[1621] Y. He,et al. Impact of agricultural practice on regional climate in a coupled land surface mesoscale model , 2004 .
[1622] J. Jouzel,et al. Climatic interpretation of the recently extended Vostok ice records , 1996 .
[1623] W. Broecker,et al. Routing of meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas cold episode , 1989, Nature.
[1624] J. Townshend,et al. Carbon emissions from tropical deforestation and regrowth based on satellite observations for the 1980s and 1990s , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[1625] Robert B. Jackson,et al. Effects of afforestation on water yield: a global synthesis with implications for policy , 2005 .
[1626] Stephen D. Prince,et al. Evidence from rain‐use efficiencies does not indicate extensive Sahelian desertification , 1998 .
[1627] Decrease of emissions required to stabilize atmospheric CO2 due to positive carbon cycle–climate feedbacks , 2005 .
[1628] D. Hartmann. Global Physical Climatology , 1994 .
[1629] R. Betts,et al. Detection of a direct carbon dioxide effect in continental river runoff records , 2006, Nature.
[1630] David Pollard,et al. Use of a land-surface-transfer scheme (LSX) in a global climate model: the response to doubling stomatal resistance , 1995 .
[1631] J. Canadell,et al. Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems , 2001, Nature.
[1632] John H. Parker,et al. The Use of Shrubs in Energy Conservation Plantings , 1987, Landscape Journal.
[1633] A. Timmermann,et al. Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through freshwater discharge and ocean circulation , 2004, Nature.
[1634] M. Best,et al. Representing urban areas within operational numerical weather prediction models , 2005 .
[1635] A. Voldoire,et al. Climate sensitivity to tropical land surface changes with coupled versus prescribed SSTs , 2005 .
[1636] Kevin E. Trenberth,et al. Origins of the 1988 North American Drought , 1988, Science.
[1637] R. Alley,et al. The 8k event: cause and consequences of a major Holocene abrupt climate change , 2005 .
[1638] M. Barbour,et al. Terrestrial Plant Ecology , 1981 .
[1639] R. Betts,et al. The impact of new land surface physics on the GCM simulation of climate and climate sensitivity , 1999 .
[1640] Guido Visconti,et al. The Mount Pinatubo eruption : effects on the atmosphere and climate , 1996 .
[1641] Sandy P. Harrison,et al. Mid‐Holocene land‐surface conditions in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula: A data set for the analysis of biogeophysical feedbacks in the climate system , 1998 .
[1642] H. Lamb. Climates of the polar regions—world survey of climatology, 14: S. Orvig (Editor). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1970, 370 pp. 91 fig., 204 tables, Dfl. 125 , 1972 .
[1643] D. Dewalle,et al. Trends in evaporation and Bowen Ratio on urbanizing watersheds in eastern United States , 2000 .
[1644] Harden,et al. Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw , 1998, Science.
[1645] Gemma Narisma,et al. Exploring the Sensitivity of the Australian Climate to Regional Land-Cover-Change Scenarios under Increasing CO2 Concentrations and Warmer Temperatures , 2006 .
[1646] G. Esser. Sensitivity of global carbon pools and fluxes to human and potential climatic impacts , 1987 .
[1647] P. Friedlingstein,et al. The climate induced variation of the continental biosphere: A model simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum , 1992 .
[1648] Gene E. Likens,et al. SOME PERSPECTIVES ON LONG-TERM BIOGEOCHEMICAL RESEARCH FROM THE HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM STUDY , 2004 .
[1649] Eric F. Wood,et al. Application of multiscale water and energy balance models on a tallgrass prairie , 1994 .
[1650] Bin Li,et al. The impact of spatial variability of land-surface characteristics on land-surface heat fluxes , 1994 .
[1651] Ingegärd Eliasson,et al. The influence of green areas on nocturnal temperatures in a high latitude city (Göteborg, Sweden) , 1998 .
[1652] Norman L. Christensen,et al. Competition and Tree Death , 1987 .
[1653] C. Potter,et al. Global model estimates of carbon and nitrogen storage in litter and soil pools: response to changes in vegetation quality and biomass allocation , 1997 .
[1654] W. J. Shuttleworth,et al. Incorporating NDVI-Derived LAI into the Climate Version of RAMS and Its Impact on Regional Climate , 2002 .
[1655] D. Sprugel. Dynamic structure of wave-regenerated Abies balsamea forests in the north-eastern United States. , 1976 .
[1656] J. Otterman,et al. Anthropogenic impact on the albedo of the earth , 1977 .
[1657] Philippe Ciais,et al. How uncertainties in future climate change predictions translate into future terrestrial carbon fluxes , 2003 .
[1658] J. D. Tarpley,et al. Land surface model spin‐up behavior in the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) , 2003 .
[1659] R. Bornstein,et al. Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in Atlanta: three case studies , 2000 .
[1660] P. Cox,et al. Uncertainty in climate’carbon-cycle projections associated with the sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature , 2003 .
[1661] Stephen H. Schneider,et al. Climate modeling , 1987 .
[1662] David J. Stensrud,et al. Influences of a Winter Wheat Belt on the Evolution of the Boundary Layer , 2005 .
[1663] C. Justice,et al. A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for GCMs. Part III: The greening of the Colorado State University general circulation model , 1996 .
[1664] R. Ryel,et al. HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION THROUGH THE ROOT SYSTEMS OF SENESCED PLANTS , 2005 .
[1665] Alan L. Mcnab. Climate and drought , 1989 .
[1666] Nathan P. Gillett,et al. Natural and anthropogenic climate change: incorporating historical land cover change, vegetation dynamics and the global carbon cycle , 2004 .
[1667] Mark Westoby,et al. The Place of the Self-Thinning Rule in Population Dynamics , 1981, The American Naturalist.
[1668] Caspar M. Ammann,et al. Proxy evidence for an El Niño-like response to volcanic forcing , 2003, Nature.
[1669] David M. Lawrence,et al. An annual cycle of vegetation in a GCM. Part I: implementation and impact on evaporation , 2004 .
[1670] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. Carbon and nitrogen cycling in North American boreal forests , 1990 .
[1671] M. Jackson,et al. Effects of Microclimate on Spring Flowering Phenology , 1966 .
[1672] J. A. Wolfe. PALEOCLIMATIC ESTIMATES FROM TERTIARY LEAF ASSEMBLAGES , 1995 .
[1673] Jason Beringer,et al. Fire effects on net radiation and energy partitioning: Contrasting responses of tundra and boreal forest ecosystems , 2005 .
[1674] Michael J. Rogers,et al. Long-term sensitivity of soil carbon turnover to warming , 2005, Nature.
[1675] A. Henderson-Sellers,et al. Sensitivity of regional climates to localized precipitation in global models , 1990, Nature.
[1676] M. Steinbach,et al. Global teleconnections of climate to terrestrial carbon flux , 2003 .
[1677] G. V. van Kooten,et al. Creating Carbon Offsets in Agriculture through No-Till Cultivation: A Meta-Analysis of Costs and Carbon Benefits , 2005 .
[1678] P. Reich,et al. Different photosynthesis-nitrogen relations in deciduous hardwood and evergreen coniferous tree species , 1995, Oecologia.
[1679] Michael H. Glantz,et al. Currents of Change: El Niño's Impact on Climate and Society , 1996 .
[1680] T. Oke,et al. Suburban-rural energy balance comparisons for Vancouver, B.C.: An extreme case? , 1983 .
[1681] Carlo Barbante,et al. Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core , 2004, Nature.
[1682] J. Parker,et al. Landscaping to Reduce the Energy Used in Cooling Buildings , 1983, Journal of Forestry.
[1683] S. Swenson,et al. Climate model biases in seasonality of continental water storage revealed by satellite gravimetry , 2006 .
[1684] Khelifa,et al. Impact of lower atmospheric carbon dioxide on tropical mountain ecosystems , 1997, Science.
[1685] Piers J. Sellers,et al. Impact of vegetation properties on U.S. summer weather prediction , 1996 .
[1686] Paul R. Houser,et al. Surface flux measurement and modeling at a semi-arid Sonoran Desert site , 1996 .
[1687] J. R. Bray,et al. Gap Phase Replacement in a Maple-Basswood Forest , 1956 .
[1688] Albert A. M. Holtslag,et al. Flux Parameterization over Land Surfaces for Atmospheric Models , 1991 .
[1689] J. Grace. Plant-Atmosphere Relationships , 1983 .
[1690] Thomas C. Peterson,et al. Assessment of Urban versus Rural in Situ surface temperatures in the contiguous United States: No di , 2003 .
[1691] Norman L. Christensen,et al. Secondary Forest Succession on the North Carolina Piedmont , 1981 .
[1692] J. Overpeck,et al. Abrupt climate change: Inevitable surprises , 2002 .
[1693] M. Budyko,et al. Climate and life , 1975 .
[1694] Ina Tegen,et al. Climate Response to Soil Dust Aerosols , 1998 .
[1695] J. Kutzbach,et al. Vegetation and soil feedbacks on the response of the African monsoon to orbital forcing in the early to middle Holocene , 1996, Nature.
[1696] Marcos Heil Costa,et al. Climate change in Amazonia caused by soybean cropland expansion, as compared to caused by pastureland expansion , 2007 .
[1697] J. Deardorff. Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and moisture, with inclusion of a layer of vegetation , 1978 .
[1698] H. V. D. Dool,et al. Monthly Precipitation-Temperature Relations and Temperature Prediction over the United States , 1993 .
[1699] M. Davis,et al. Dispersal versus climate: Expansion of Fagus and Tsuga into the Upper Great Lakes region , 1986, Vegetatio.
[1700] A. Henderson‐sellers,et al. Modeling soil moisture: A Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes Phase 2(b) , 1996 .
[1701] M. G. Ryan. Foliar maintenance respiration of subalpine and boreal trees and shrubs in relation to nitrogen content , 1995 .
[1702] G. Trewartha,et al. Elements of geography : physical and cultural , 1958 .
[1703] C. Tucker,et al. Climate-Driven Increases in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 1982 to 1999 , 2003, Science.
[1704] R. Koster,et al. Suggestions in the Observational Record of Land–Atmosphere Feedback Operating at Seasonal Time Scales , 2004 .
[1705] W. Washington,et al. An Introduction to Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling , 1986 .
[1706] G. Hornberger,et al. A Statistical Exploration of the Relationships of Soil Moisture Characteristics to the Physical Properties of Soils , 1984 .
[1707] J. Lean,et al. Reconstruction of solar irradiance since 1610: Implications for climate change , 1995 .
[1708] J. Zak,et al. Convergence across biomes to a common rain-use efficiency , 2004, Nature.
[1709] Larry W. Thomason,et al. Radiative forcing from the 1991 Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption , 1998 .
[1710] F. Golley. A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology: More Than the Sum o f the Parts , 1993 .
[1711] P. Clark,et al. Impact of floods versus routing events on the thermohaline circulation , 2006 .
[1712] Robert C. Balling,et al. Long-Term Associations between Wind Speeds and the Urban Heat Island of Phoenix, Arizona , 1987 .
[1713] S. Manabe. CLIMATE AND THE OCEAN CIRCULATION1 , 1969 .
[1714] F. Stuart Chapin,et al. Surface energy exchanges along a tundra-forest transition and feedbacks to climate , 2005 .
[1715] T. Fichefet,et al. The 8.2 kyr BP event simulated by a Global Atmosphere—Sea‐Ice—Ocean Model , 2001 .
[1716] W. Collins,et al. The Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) , 2006 .
[1717] Yongqiang Liu,et al. Three-dimensional numerical study of shallow convective clouds and precipitation induced by land surface forcing , 1996 .
[1718] J. Otterman. Enhancement of surface-atmosphere fluxes by desert-fringe vegetation through reduction of surface albedo and of soil heat flux , 1989 .
[1719] C. Tucker,et al. Response of terrestrial ecosystems to recent Northern Hemispheric drought , 2005 .
[1720] K. Caldeira,et al. Multicentury Changes to the Global Climate and Carbon Cycle: Results from a Coupled Climate and Carbon Cycle Model , 2005 .
[1721] P. Friedlingstein,et al. What determines the magnitude of carbon cycle‐climate feedbacks? , 2007 .
[1722] J. C. Stevens,et al. Measuring and analyzing urban tree cover , 1996 .
[1723] A. Pitman,et al. Are inter‐model differences in AMIP‐II near surface air temperature means and extremes explained by land surface energy balance complexity? , 2004 .
[1724] A. McGuire,et al. Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production , 1993, Nature.
[1725] P. Dirmeyer,et al. Modeling the Effect of Land Surface Evaporation Variability on Precipitation Variability. Part II: Time- and Space-Scale structure , 2002 .
[1726] Lifeng Luo,et al. Streamflow and water balance intercomparisons of four land surface models in the North American Land Data Assimilation System Project , 2004 .
[1727] John E. Kutzbach,et al. Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 2100 AD , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[1728] D. Baldocchi. An analytical solution for coupled leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance models. , 1994, Tree physiology.
[1729] C. Potter,et al. Detecting a Terrestrial Biosphere Sink for Carbon Dioxide: Interannual Ecosystem Modeling for the Mid-1980s , 1998 .
[1730] J. Harper,et al. The reproduc-tive strategy of higher plants. 1. The concept of strategy with special reference to Senecio vulgaris L. , 1970 .
[1731] Christopher B. Field,et al. The global carbon cycle: integrating humans, climate and the natural world. , 2004 .
[1732] C. Fastie,et al. Causes and Ecosystem Consequences of Multiple Pathways of Primary Succession at Glacier Bay, Alaska , 1995 .
[1733] H. Gleason,et al. The Structure and Development of the Plant Association , 1917 .
[1734] The appearance and disappearance of major vegetational assemblages: Long-term vegetational dynamics in eastern North America , 1987 .
[1735] R. Balling,et al. Weekly cycles of air pollutants, precipitation and tropical cyclones in the coastal NW Atlantic region , 1998, Nature.
[1736] M. Halpert,et al. Climate Assessment for 1996 , 1997 .
[1737] W. Meyer. Human Impact on the Earth , 1996 .
[1738] R. Pielke,et al. Potential impacts on Colorado Rocky Mountain weather due to land use changes on the adjacent Great Plains , 1999 .
[1739] R. Berner. The long-term carbon cycle, fossil fuels and atmospheric composition , 2003, Nature.
[1740] Gregory E. Schwarz,et al. Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico , 2000, Nature.
[1741] Navin Ramankutty,et al. Geographic distribution of major crops across the world , 2004 .
[1742] M. Budyko,et al. The Evolution of the Biosphere , 1986 .
[1743] T. Oke,et al. Complete urban surface temperatures , 1997 .
[1744] A. Arnfield. Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island , 2003 .
[1745] Ann Henderson-Sellers,et al. Predicting land‐surface climates‐better skill or moving targets? , 2003 .
[1746] Thomas Michael Power. Lost Landscapes and Failed Economies: The Search For A Value Of Place , 1996 .
[1747] V. Masson. Urban surface modeling and the meso-scale impact of cities , 2006 .
[1748] R. Dickinson,et al. Coupling of the Common Land Model to the NCAR Community Climate Model , 2002 .
[1749] P. Reich,et al. Leaf Life‐Span in Relation to Leaf, Plant, and Stand Characteristics among Diverse Ecosystems , 1992 .
[1750] Dennis P. Lettenmaier,et al. Dependence of Extreme Daily Maximum Temperatures on Antecedent Soil Moisture in the Contiguous United States during Summer , 2000 .
[1751] R. DeFries,et al. Human modification of the landscape and surface climate in the next fifty years , 2002 .
[1752] I. R. Cowan,et al. Leaf Conductance in Relation to Rate of CO(2) Assimilation: I. Influence of Nitrogen Nutrition, Phosphorus Nutrition, Photon Flux Density, and Ambient Partial Pressure of CO(2) during Ontogeny. , 1985, Plant physiology.
[1753] Ervin H. Zube,et al. Ecological Planning: Retrospect and Prospect , 1988 .
[1754] E. Kalnay,et al. Estimation of the impact of land-surface forcings on temperature trends in eastern United States , 2006 .
[1755] R. Balling. The climatic impact of a Sonoran vegetation discontinuity , 1988 .
[1756] R. Cerveny,et al. A weekly cycle in atmospheric carbon dioxide , 2002 .
[1757] James S. Clark,et al. Effects of climate and atmospheric CO2 partial pressure on the global distribution of C4 grasses: present, past, and future , 1998, Oecologia.
[1758] M. Halpert,et al. Climate Assessment for 1997 , 1998 .
[1759] J. Shukla,et al. Impact of Initial Soil Wetness on Seasonal Atmospheric Prediction , 1999 .
[1760] Gerald Mills,et al. Progress toward sustainable settlements: a role for urban climatology , 2006 .
[1761] John M. Norman,et al. Carbon distribution and aboveground net primary production in aspen, jack pine, and black spruce stands in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada , 1997 .
[1762] Benjamin S. Felzer,et al. Sensitivity of the Australian Monsoon to insolation and vegetation: Implications for human impact on continental moisture balance , 2005 .
[1763] M. Westoby,et al. The role of large seed size in shaded conditions: experimental evidence , 1994 .
[1764] F. Bazzaz. Plants in Changing Environments: Linking Physiological, Population, and Community Ecology , 1996 .
[1765] T. Miller,et al. Local Density Variation may Mimic Effects of Asymmetric Competition on Plant Size Variability , 1989 .
[1766] Johann G. Goldammer,et al. Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires , 1994 .
[1767] S. Long,et al. Food for Thought: Lower-Than-Expected Crop Yield Stimulation with Rising CO2 Concentrations , 2006, Science.
[1768] T. Delworth,et al. Oceanic forcing of the late 20th century Sahel drought , 2005 .
[1769] T. Webb,,et al. Computer-Aided Reconstruction of Late-Quaternary Landscape Dynamics , 1985 .
[1770] H. Mooney,et al. Human Domination of Earth’s Ecosystems , 1997, Renewable Energy.
[1771] R. Bras. Hydrology : an introduction to hydrologic science , 1990 .
[1772] A. Henderson‐sellers,et al. Validation of soil moisture simulation in landsurface parameterisation schemes with HAPEX data , 1996 .
[1773] Timothy R. Oke,et al. Tests of three urban energy balance models , 1988 .
[1774] R. Pielke,et al. The role of biospheric feedbacks in the simulation of the impact of historical land cover change on the Australian January climate , 2003 .
[1775] Shawn J. Marshall,et al. Freshwater Forcing of Abrupt Climate Change During the Last Glaciation , 2001, Science.
[1776] P. Xie,et al. Global Precipitation: A 17-Year Monthly Analysis Based on Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Outputs , 1997 .
[1777] Seasonal Changes in the Radiation Balance of Subarctic Forest and Tundra , 1993 .
[1778] Michael G. Ryan,et al. Age-Related Decline in Forest Productivity: Pattern and Process , 1997 .
[1779] R. Dickinson,et al. A fine-mesh land approach for general circulation models and its impact on regional climate , 2001 .
[1780] R. Norby,et al. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide increases soil carbon , 2005 .
[1781] M. G. Ryan,et al. Effects of Climate Change on Plant Respiration. , 1991, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.
[1782] Ann Henderson-Sellers,et al. Modelling tropical deforestation: A study of GCM land-surface parametrizations , 1988 .
[1783] L. Myrup,et al. A Numerical Model of the Urban Heat Island. , 1969 .
[1784] David J. Stensrud,et al. The Impact of Oklahoma's Winter Wheat Belt on the Mesoscale Environment , 2004 .
[1785] Axel Kleidon,et al. Assessing the role of deep rooted vegetation in the climate system with model simulations: mechanism, comparison to observations and implications for Amazonian deforestation , 2000 .
[1786] Eric F. Lambin,et al. The Influence of Land Use Change on Climate in the Sahel , 2002 .
[1787] K. E. Moore,et al. Growing season water balance at a boreal jack pine forest , 2000 .
[1788] David M. Wolock,et al. Effects of Subbasin Size on Topographic Characteristics and Simulated Flow Paths in Sleepers River Watershed, Vermont , 1995 .
[1789] Marc L. Imhoff,et al. Exploring global patterns of net primary production carbon supply and demand using satellite observations and statistical data , 2006 .
[1790] Henry C. Cowles,et al. The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan [Continued] , 1899, Botanical Gazette.
[1791] M. Claussen,et al. Climate Dynamics (2006) DOI 10.1007/s00382-006-0136-6 , 2005 .
[1792] D. Ellsworth,et al. Functional responses of plants to elevated atmospheric CO2– do photosynthetic and productivity data from FACE experiments support early predictions? , 2004 .
[1793] Eric J. Alfaro,et al. Prediction of Summer Maximum and Minimum Temperature over the Central and Western United States: The Roles of Soil Moisture and Sea Surface Temperature , 2006 .
[1794] Gordon B. Bonan,et al. Carbon and nitrogen cycling in North American boreal forests. II. Biogeographic patterns , 1990 .
[1795] C. Taylor,et al. Satellite detection of soil moisture impacts on convection at the mesoscale , 2006 .
[1796] J. Kutzbach,et al. Simulated Response of the Atmosphere‐Ocean System to deforestation in the Indonesian Archipelago , 2001 .
[1797] M. Hodnett,et al. Comparative measurements and seasonal variations in energy and carbon exchange over forest and pasture in South West Amazonia , 2004 .
[1798] G. Harris. Some competitive relationships between Agropyron spicatum and Bromus tectorum. , 1967 .
[1799] Christopher B. Field,et al. Global carbon emissions from biomass burning in the 20th century , 2006 .
[1800] P. Milly,et al. Sensitivity of the Global Water Cycle to the Water-Holding Capacity of Land , 1994 .
[1801] E. Fischer,et al. Contribution of land‐atmosphere coupling to recent European summer heat waves , 2007 .
[1802] Rezaul Mahmood,et al. Impacts of irrigation on 20th century temperature in the northern Great Plains , 2006 .
[1803] Robert H. Whittaker,et al. Plant Succession And Indicators , 1964 .
[1804] Peter J. Lamb,et al. African Droughts and Dust Transport to the Caribbean: Climate Change Implications , 2003, Science.
[1805] Victor Brovkin,et al. Climate Change in Northern Africa: The Past is Not the Future , 2003 .
[1806] P. Reich,et al. SEED SIZE, NITROGEN SUPPLY, AND GROWTH RATE AFFECT TREE SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN DEEP SHADE , 2000 .
[1807] Keith Paustian,et al. CO2 Mitigation by Agriculture: An Overview , 1998 .
[1808] I. R. Cowan. Stomatal Behaviour and Environment , 1978 .
[1809] Ross D. Brown,et al. Interannual variability in reconstructed Canadian snow cover, 1915-1992 , 1996 .
[1810] S. Rojstaczer,et al. Irrigation's influence on precipitation: Texas High Plains, U.S.A. , 2002 .
[1811] Robert Atlas,et al. The Effect of SST and Soil Moisture Anomalies on GLA Model Simulations of the 1988 U.S. Summer Drought. , 1993 .
[1812] K. G. McNaughton,et al. Stomatal Control of Transpiration: Scaling Up from Leaf to Region , 1986 .
[1813] Craig Loehle,et al. Tree life history strategies: the role of defenses , 1988 .
[1814] A. Christen,et al. Energy and radiation balance of a central European city , 2004 .
[1815] N. Mahowald,et al. Atmospheric global dust cycle and iron inputs to the ocean , 2005 .
[1816] D. Pollard,et al. Decadal variability of rainfall in the Sahel: results from the coupled GENESIS-IBIS atmosphere-biosphere model , 2004 .
[1817] R. Uijlenhoet,et al. Impact of plant water uptake strategy on soil moisture and evapotranspiration dynamics during drydown , 2006 .
[1818] J. Harbor. A Practical Method for Estimating the Impact of Land-Use Change on Surface Runoff, Groundwater Recharge and Wetland Hydrology , 1994 .
[1819] John H. C. Gash,et al. Amazonian deforestation and climate , 1997 .