Nerve regeneration over a 25 mm gap in rat sciatic nerves using tubes containing blood vessels: the possibility of clinical application

Summary. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of including vessels in a tube used to promote nerve regeneration across a gap. A tube containing sural vessels was designed in a rat model and interposed between the proximal and distal stumps of a divided sciatic nerve, leaving a 25 mm gap. At 12 weeks, a few myelinated axons were seen at the most distal parts of regenerated nerves in 6 out of 10 rats, none of which evoked action potentials in the tibialis anterior muscle, but by 24 weeks all the rats had developed neural tissue in the tubes, which evoked action potentials in the muscle. The vessels within the tube enhanced nerve regeneration and its distance up 25 mm. This type of vessel-containing tube would be useful for the repair of divided human peripheral nerves with long gaps, almost equivalent to or slightly longer than the maximum length over which nerve fibres can regenerate through a unvascularised unmodified tube.Résumé. Plusieurs auteurs ont rapporté que la repousse maximum des axones du nerf sciatique de rat, dans un tube, est d’environ 10 mm. La présente étude a été réalisée pour confirmer que la mise en place d’un tube dans un vaisseau permet aux fibres nerveuses d’atteindre une régénération de plus de 10 mm par cette technique de tubulation. Chez un rat, une veine surale contenant un tube a été utilisée et interposée entre les moignons sectionnés d’un nerf sciatique avec’un espace de 25 mm. A la 12 ème semaine, quelques axones myélinisés ont été observés à la partie la plus distale des nerfs régénérés chez 6 rats sur 10. Aucun de ceux-ci n’a pû donner de potentiels d’action dans les muscles tibiaux antérieurs. Après 24 semaines, tous les rats ont développé une repousse neuronale dans les tubes, qui ont donné des potentiels d’action dans les muscles tibiaux antérieurs. Cette chambre intravasculaire augmente la régénération des nerfs ainsi que la distance de régénération jusqu’à 25 mm pour un nerf sciatique de rat. Un vaisseau contenant un tube est considéré comme étant cliniquement, utile pour la réparation de la section de nerf périphérique avec un espace important, qui sont équivalents ou légèrement supérieurs, au maximum de longueur dont les nerfs peuvent repousser dans des tubes nonvascularisés classiques.

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